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common childhood infections and rashes
common childhood infections and rashes

... PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOUR Hypopigmented patches on upper chest, neck, arms Usually settle spontaneously CANDIDA Classically causes oral thrush and nappy rash in infants Vulvovaginitis in adolescent girls Intertriginous lesions (neck, groin, axilla) Chronic mucocutaneous Candidiasis may occur in cellmed ...
COMMON CHILDHOOD INFECTIONS AND RASHES
COMMON CHILDHOOD INFECTIONS AND RASHES

... PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOUR Hypopigmented patches on upper chest, neck, arms Usually settle spontaneously CANDIDA Classically causes oral thrush and nappy rash in infants Vulvovaginitis in adolescent girls Intertriginous lesions (neck, groin, axilla) Chronic mucocutaneous Candidiasis may occur in cellmed ...
Reply to Cervantes To the Editor—The letter from
Reply to Cervantes To the Editor—The letter from

... more generally, from other studies on the topic [3–6] show that although multiple HPV infections are often found to be more common than would be expected by chance alone, this excess seems to be largely explainable by common risk factors for all HPV infections, rather than by interactions between ce ...
Anti-biotic Resistance
Anti-biotic Resistance

... in 1992, 13,300 hospital patients died of antibioticresistant bacterial infections cost of treating hospital infections is $1-3 billion/yr Patients with noscomial bacteremia spend $3,600 more in direct hospital costs, and remain in hospital 14 days longer than uninfected patients. 500,000 patients i ...
MD0808 1-1 LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Introduction to
MD0808 1-1 LESSON ASSIGNMENT LESSON 1 Introduction to

... cause infections such as "strep throat," rheumatic fever, and some upper respiratory infections. The pneumococcus bacterium causes pneumonia. There are several species of Clostridium worth noting. Clostridium botulinum causes the well-known type of food poisoning called botulism (which has about a 6 ...
5 Reel Circus Casino Spill Free Casino Slot Games
5 Reel Circus Casino Spill Free Casino Slot Games

... ! The HIV positive or AIDS infected diver. These individuals could pose a risk to their fellow divers in the situations outlined above. It would be considerate for them to take care to avoid situations which might bring their blood or other body fluids into contact with others. Breathing equipment s ...
RT Infections II
RT Infections II

... o NO DIMORPHIC GROWTH PHASE o Infectious conidia: germinate to mold form o Hyphae: bind fibrinogen and complement components o (Alflatoxin: produced by A.flavus growing on peanuts- potent carcinogen) Etiology: o Basics: common environmental mold that is an emerging etiologic agent of nosocomial pneu ...
Support CDC tools to detect HAIs and target prevention
Support CDC tools to detect HAIs and target prevention

... CDC’s efforts to fight antimicrobial resistance are an essential part of our national strategy to protect patients from the threat of potentially untreatable infections. o ...
Types of Pathogens - Guiding Questions
Types of Pathogens - Guiding Questions

... 84. What are the general steps in the reproduction of a virus that infects humans? 85. What are the steps in HIV infection? ...
SAFER INJECTION PRACTICES
SAFER INJECTION PRACTICES

... Staph Infection - Staph is the shortened name for Staphylococcus (pronounced: staf-uh-lowkah-kus), a type of bacteria. These bacteria can live harmlessly on many skin surfaces, especially around the nose, mouth, genitals, and anus. But when the skin is punctured or broken for any reason, staph bacte ...
Lab 1 Structure of bacterial cells. Microscopic observation of bacteria
Lab 1 Structure of bacterial cells. Microscopic observation of bacteria

... 1. aerobes (strict aerobes) - require oxygen to grow 2. anaerobes (strict anaerobes) – can not grow in the presence of oxygen (lack superoxide dismutase or catalase) 3. facultative anaerobes – (utilize O2 and use fermentation in the absence of O2) 4. capnophilic organisms - require for growth increa ...
Streptococcus pyogenes Fact Sheet
Streptococcus pyogenes Fact Sheet

... the presence of a hyaluronic acid capsule and a betahaemolytic ability. Beta-hemolytic streptococci are able to destroy red blood cells and other cells using toxins known as streptolycins. Streptococcus is present in many humans and can cause opportunistic infections. ...
Lab 1 Structure of bacterial cells. Microscopic observation of bacteria
Lab 1 Structure of bacterial cells. Microscopic observation of bacteria

... 1. aerobes (strict aerobes) - require oxygen to grow 2. anaerobes (strict anaerobes) – can not grow in the presence of oxygen (lack superoxide dismutase or catalase) 3. facultative anaerobes – (utilize O2 and use fermentation in the absence of O2) 4. capnophilic organisms - require for growth increa ...
Hospital-Acquired Infections Due to Gram
Hospital-Acquired Infections Due to Gram

... for hospital-acquired pneumonia (Table 2). The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia remains challenging, with no easily obtained reference standard. Apart from clinical criteria, microbiologic assessment is important to help guide therapy. For patients in whom ventilator-associated pneumonia ...
Issued: November 2012 AN: 00700/2011 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT
Issued: November 2012 AN: 00700/2011 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT

... Use of the product deviating from the instructions given in the SPC may increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to cefalexin and may decrease the effectiveness of treatment with other beta-lactam antibiotics, due to the potential for cross-resistance. Do not administer in cases of known resist ...
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... Recurrent symptoms Serious in newborns ...
So Your Patient has C
So Your Patient has C

... Antibiotics not only work against the bacteria causing his pneumonia, they also affect other bacteria within the body. Some bacteria is helpful. The colon contains normal protective bacterial flora . By killing the good bacteria off, the disease-causing bacteria can overgrow. ...
B. pseudomallei
B. pseudomallei

... required for a minimum of 10–14 days, followed by an eradication phase of oral antimicrobial agents required for a 12–20 week course of treatment, or longer if clinically indicated. ...
Wastewater Microbiology powerpoint
Wastewater Microbiology powerpoint

... access to clean and safe drinking water, and 2, to 4 billion people lack sanitation. • Worldwide, the lack of sanitary waste disposal and of clean water for drinking, cooking, and washing is to blame for over 12 million deaths a year. • Every year, 5 million people die of waterborne diseases. • An e ...
METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS-MRSA
METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS-MRSA

... METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS-MRSA FACT SHEET What is Staphylococcus aureus? Staphylococcus aureus, often called “staph”, are bacteria found on the skin or in the nose of healthy people. Sometimes, staph can cause an infection; staph bacteria are one of the most common causes of skin i ...
MRSA - RegOnline
MRSA - RegOnline

... Fever, malaise, new murmur, splenomegaly, positive blood cultures (usually multiple) Echo aids in diagnosis (Modified Duke Criteria) Embolic phenomena less common in young children (petechiae, Janeway lesions) Septic shock may be evident early or may not develop at all; can by quite indolent (index ...
14 Hospital hygiene and infection control
14 Hospital hygiene and infection control

... and infection control. Health-care waste should be considered as a reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms, which can cause contamination and give rise to infection. If waste is inadequately managed, these microorganisms can be transmitted by direct contact, in the air, or by a variety of vectors. In ...
Fungal Diseases also known as mycosis
Fungal Diseases also known as mycosis

... species of yeast that normally inhabits the mucous membranes as a benign saprophyte. Those most susceptible to thrush include adults whose immune systems have been weakened by antibiotics, steroids, or, most commonly, AIDS. Infants can become infected during birth if the mother has a vaginal yeast i ...
antibiotics resistance among anaerobic pathogens
antibiotics resistance among anaerobic pathogens

... consisting from facultative anaerobic microorganisms, spirochetes and motile rods. The proportions of strict anaerobic, Gram negative organisms increase significantly in accordance with increasing severity of disease. Disease activity in periodontal disease may range from slow, chronic, progressive ...
subcutaneous fungal infections
subcutaneous fungal infections

... •The second group are the subcutaneous fungal infections. This is when the ________________of the skin are infected, and sometimes even _____________. •The organisms usually cross the protective barrier of the skin at the site of _________________. Most of these organisms live in soil. •Deep skin in ...
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Anaerobic infection

Anaerobic infections are caused by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria do not grow on solid media in room air (0.04% carbon dioxide and 21% oxygen); facultative anaerobic bacteria can grow in the presence as well as in the absence of air. Microaerophilic bacteria do not grow at all aerobically or grow poorly, but grow better under 10% carbon dioxide or anaerobically. Anaerobic bacteria can be divided into strict anaerobes that can not grow in the presence of more than 0.5% oxygen and moderate anaerobic bacteria that are able of growing between 2 to 8% oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria usually do not possess catalase, but some can generate superoxide dismutase which protects them from oxygen.The clinically important anaerobes in decreasing frequency are: 1. Six genera of Gram-negative rods (Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Bilophila and Sutterella spp.);2. Gram-positive cocci (primarily Peptostreptococcus spp.); 3. Gram-positive spore-forming (Clostridium spp.) and nonspore-forming bacilli (Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp.); and 4. Gram-negative cocci (mainly Veillonella spp.) .The frequency of isolation of anaerobic bacterial strains varies in different infectious sites. Mixed infections caused by numerous aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are often observed in clinical situations.Anaerobic bacteria are a common cause of infections, some of which can be serious and life-threatening. Because anaerobes are the predominant components of the skin's and mucous membranes normal flora, they are a common cause infections of endogenous origin. Because of their fastidious nature, anaerobes are hard to isolate and are often not recovered from infected sites. The administration of delayed or inappropriate therapy against these organisms may lead to failures in eradication of these infections. The isolation of anaerobic bacteria requires adequate methods for collection, transportation and cultivation of clinical specimens. The management of anaerobic infection is often difficult because of the slow growth of anaerobic organisms, which can delay their identification by the frequent polymicrobial nature of these infections and by the increasing resistance of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobials.
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