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Past iGEM Projects: Case Studies
... • Sensors are relatively straight-forward in design (ABC) • I/O signal sensitivity is key • Tight regulation of detector components • Most of the components were available (engineering vs. research) • Real world applications ...
... • Sensors are relatively straight-forward in design (ABC) • I/O signal sensitivity is key • Tight regulation of detector components • Most of the components were available (engineering vs. research) • Real world applications ...
Bacterial Growth and Metabolism on Surfaces in the Large Intestine
... The large intestinal microbiota is characteristically viewed as being a homogeneous entity, yet the proximal colon and distal bowel differ markedly in relation to their nutritional availabilities and physicochemical attributes. Moreover, individual species and assemblages of microorganisms exist in ...
... The large intestinal microbiota is characteristically viewed as being a homogeneous entity, yet the proximal colon and distal bowel differ markedly in relation to their nutritional availabilities and physicochemical attributes. Moreover, individual species and assemblages of microorganisms exist in ...
General Microbiology - Department of Biology, Howard University
... The laboratory sections are designed to complement the lecture section. Students are encouraged to work independently under the supervision of the instructor. Microbiological laboratory procedures such as aseptic and diagnostic techniques are employed in the characterization of microorganisms. Since ...
... The laboratory sections are designed to complement the lecture section. Students are encouraged to work independently under the supervision of the instructor. Microbiological laboratory procedures such as aseptic and diagnostic techniques are employed in the characterization of microorganisms. Since ...
VPM: Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology Oct. 3
... about 500 species of bacteria at >108 bacteria per gram of content. The large bowel of animals contains 1011-12 bacteria per gram; if it were one order higher feces would be solid bacteria. These bacteria are largely anaerobic, outnumbering facultative anaerobes such as E. coli by 100 to 1. Many of ...
... about 500 species of bacteria at >108 bacteria per gram of content. The large bowel of animals contains 1011-12 bacteria per gram; if it were one order higher feces would be solid bacteria. These bacteria are largely anaerobic, outnumbering facultative anaerobes such as E. coli by 100 to 1. Many of ...
Lesson Overview
... Genetic material can be altered by natural or artificial means. Resulting mutations may or may not affect an organism, most do not. Some mutations that affect individual organisms can also affect a species or even an entire ecosystem. ...
... Genetic material can be altered by natural or artificial means. Resulting mutations may or may not affect an organism, most do not. Some mutations that affect individual organisms can also affect a species or even an entire ecosystem. ...
Genetics Demystified
... 2. Each individual plant contained two factors that specified the form of each trait. One factor came from the egg and one from the sperm. 3. Since each parent plant would also have two genes, the parents’ pairs of genes had to separate during the forming of the sex cells so that each sex cell only ...
... 2. Each individual plant contained two factors that specified the form of each trait. One factor came from the egg and one from the sperm. 3. Since each parent plant would also have two genes, the parents’ pairs of genes had to separate during the forming of the sex cells so that each sex cell only ...
08 Ecology of microorganisms
... oxygen. The quantity of bacteria in 1 ml of water reaches one million and more. Mesosaprogenic zone is the zone of moderate contamination(pollution)). In it the nitrifying and aerobic bacteria prevails. The total number of microorganisms compounds hundreds of thousand in one ml. Oligosaprogenic zone ...
... oxygen. The quantity of bacteria in 1 ml of water reaches one million and more. Mesosaprogenic zone is the zone of moderate contamination(pollution)). In it the nitrifying and aerobic bacteria prevails. The total number of microorganisms compounds hundreds of thousand in one ml. Oligosaprogenic zone ...
Unit: 2.1 Name: Section Title: Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria
... which is a protein carbohydrate compound found in the cell walls of Eubacteria. Archaebacteria were first discovered in extreme environments, such as __________, __________, and __________. The three phylogenetic groups of archaebacteria are _______________, _______________, and _______________. Met ...
... which is a protein carbohydrate compound found in the cell walls of Eubacteria. Archaebacteria were first discovered in extreme environments, such as __________, __________, and __________. The three phylogenetic groups of archaebacteria are _______________, _______________, and _______________. Met ...
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS)
... that micro flora is usually harmless until presence of predisposing factors such as trauma or another infection which may be pathogenic and cause disease (8)., all these studies and others do not describe the micro flora that found in uterus and oviduct , animals infected with these agents may not b ...
... that micro flora is usually harmless until presence of predisposing factors such as trauma or another infection which may be pathogenic and cause disease (8)., all these studies and others do not describe the micro flora that found in uterus and oviduct , animals infected with these agents may not b ...
2.2
... 2. Developed by comparing molecular sequences and differences are expressed as evolutionary distance; organisms are then clustered to determine relatedness; alternatively, relatedness can be estimated by parsimony analysis assuming that evolutionary change occurs along the shortest pathway with the ...
... 2. Developed by comparing molecular sequences and differences are expressed as evolutionary distance; organisms are then clustered to determine relatedness; alternatively, relatedness can be estimated by parsimony analysis assuming that evolutionary change occurs along the shortest pathway with the ...
15-2-1&2 抗微生物药概论&beta内酰胺类抗生素
... May occur in the gene encoding i) The target protein ii) A protein involved in drug transport iii) A protein important for drug activation iv) A regulatory gene or promoter affecting expression of the target, a transport protein, or an inactivating enzyme. ...
... May occur in the gene encoding i) The target protein ii) A protein involved in drug transport iii) A protein important for drug activation iv) A regulatory gene or promoter affecting expression of the target, a transport protein, or an inactivating enzyme. ...
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
... MRSA acquired in the community Community & hospital acquired infections are found to be genetically different In the US: 94,000 severe infections/yr & 19,000 deaths/yr ...
... MRSA acquired in the community Community & hospital acquired infections are found to be genetically different In the US: 94,000 severe infections/yr & 19,000 deaths/yr ...
gram stain - Scott E. McDonald
... By determining an estimate of the number and types of bacteria present, the veterinarian can better determine if specific cultures or other tests, treatments, or management changes should be carried out ...
... By determining an estimate of the number and types of bacteria present, the veterinarian can better determine if specific cultures or other tests, treatments, or management changes should be carried out ...
Evolution of Elongation Factor G and the Origins of Mitochondrial
... Eukaryotes conduct cytoplasmic protein synthesis with eEF2, but most eukaryotic nuclear genomes also encode organelle-targeted EF-Gs that function in mitochondrial and/or plastid protein synthesis (mtEFG and cpEFG, respectively). Organelle targeting of these proteins has been demonstrated by their p ...
... Eukaryotes conduct cytoplasmic protein synthesis with eEF2, but most eukaryotic nuclear genomes also encode organelle-targeted EF-Gs that function in mitochondrial and/or plastid protein synthesis (mtEFG and cpEFG, respectively). Organelle targeting of these proteins has been demonstrated by their p ...
1 1. Introduction Quorum is a Greek word. In the ancient
... not too important bacterial features. Nowadays, this has completely changed. As more and more QS systems have been discovered, it has become clear that bacterial communication does not occur in only a few isolated cases. QS is an essential part of bacterial life. The bacterium, with its QS system, h ...
... not too important bacterial features. Nowadays, this has completely changed. As more and more QS systems have been discovered, it has become clear that bacterial communication does not occur in only a few isolated cases. QS is an essential part of bacterial life. The bacterium, with its QS system, h ...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Apr
... cured of a cryptic plasmid. It was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, it did not carry any chromosomal marker of resistance but could be detected by its ability to ferment raffinose, and it did not contain any covalently closed circular form of DNA (9). In most experiments, we used an R-plas ...
... cured of a cryptic plasmid. It was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested, it did not carry any chromosomal marker of resistance but could be detected by its ability to ferment raffinose, and it did not contain any covalently closed circular form of DNA (9). In most experiments, we used an R-plas ...
here
... recent conference on archaebacteria (22).] Molecular characterizations also reveal that the evolutionary differences among eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes are of a more profound nature than those that distinguish traditional kingdoms, such as animals and plants, from one another. This is ...
... recent conference on archaebacteria (22).] Molecular characterizations also reveal that the evolutionary differences among eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes are of a more profound nature than those that distinguish traditional kingdoms, such as animals and plants, from one another. This is ...
this resource 4.28 MB
... • I have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your ability to use, share, and adapt it. The citation key on the following slide provides information about how you may share and adapt this material. • Copyright holders of content included in this mat ...
... • I have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your ability to use, share, and adapt it. The citation key on the following slide provides information about how you may share and adapt this material. • Copyright holders of content included in this mat ...
Funky Fomites and Aseptic Microbiology
... much thinner than gram-positive types. Many species of gram-negative bacteria are pathogenic. This pathogenic capability is usually associated with certain components of their cell walls, particularly the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) layer. ...
... much thinner than gram-positive types. Many species of gram-negative bacteria are pathogenic. This pathogenic capability is usually associated with certain components of their cell walls, particularly the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) layer. ...
Complete genome determination and analysis of Acholeplasmataceae Acholeplasma oculi
... between the two genera can be truly generalised or if the other acholeplasmas might share some of these features of their genetic repertoire with the phytoplasmas. Therefore, we determined the complete genome of A. oculi strain 19L by applying two different strategies based on sequencing by synthesi ...
... between the two genera can be truly generalised or if the other acholeplasmas might share some of these features of their genetic repertoire with the phytoplasmas. Therefore, we determined the complete genome of A. oculi strain 19L by applying two different strategies based on sequencing by synthesi ...
The Origins of Ecological Diversity in Prokaryotes
... adaptation must yield an incremental advantage [15]. In prokaryotes, evolutionary origins are not as constrained, because horizontal genetic transfer can simultaneously bring an entire biochemical pathway from a donor genome into a recipient [16]. Indeed, horizontal gene transfer was partly responsi ...
... adaptation must yield an incremental advantage [15]. In prokaryotes, evolutionary origins are not as constrained, because horizontal genetic transfer can simultaneously bring an entire biochemical pathway from a donor genome into a recipient [16]. Indeed, horizontal gene transfer was partly responsi ...
Genetically Modified Insect Factories: A New
... The annual cost to the US health care system from antibiotic-resistant infections is estimated to be between $21 and $34 billion24 and it is estimated that 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people die as a direct result in the Unite ...
... The annual cost to the US health care system from antibiotic-resistant infections is estimated to be between $21 and $34 billion24 and it is estimated that 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and at least 23,000 people die as a direct result in the Unite ...
Slide 1
... curved or spiral in shape. These bacteria are commonly found in natural waters, both fresh-water and marine. Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a waterborne infection. Campylobacters have only been recognised as human pathogens since the late 1970's, although they have been long considered to be animal ...
... curved or spiral in shape. These bacteria are commonly found in natural waters, both fresh-water and marine. Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a waterborne infection. Campylobacters have only been recognised as human pathogens since the late 1970's, although they have been long considered to be animal ...
Antibiotics that affect the ribosome
... drug concentration; except for Tet(B) most of these determinants do not confer resistance to minocycline. All but Tet(Z) are confined to Gram-negative bacteria (3). The second mechanism results from ribosomal protection and confers resistance to tetracycline and minocycline. The ribosomal protection ...
... drug concentration; except for Tet(B) most of these determinants do not confer resistance to minocycline. All but Tet(Z) are confined to Gram-negative bacteria (3). The second mechanism results from ribosomal protection and confers resistance to tetracycline and minocycline. The ribosomal protection ...
Homepage
... substrates. We will use NorM from Erwinia amylovora as model transporter. In our previous studies, we could show that NorM is involved in the resistance of E. amylovora towards antibiotics produced by other bacteria found on plants. NorM belongs to the multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) family of ...
... substrates. We will use NorM from Erwinia amylovora as model transporter. In our previous studies, we could show that NorM is involved in the resistance of E. amylovora towards antibiotics produced by other bacteria found on plants. NorM belongs to the multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) family of ...
Horizontal gene transfer
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Horizontal-gene-transfer.jpg?width=300)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction. Also termed lateral gene transfer (LGT), it contrasts with vertical transfer, the transmission of genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual reproduction. HGT has been shown to be an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.Horizontal gene transfer is the primary reason for bacterial antibiotic resistance, and plays an important role in the evolution of bacteria that can degrade novel compounds such as human-created pesticides and in the evolution, maintenance, and transmission of virulence. This horizontal gene transfer often involves temperate bacteriophages and plasmids. Genes that are responsible for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can be transferred to another species of bacteria through various mechanisms (e.g., via F-pilus), subsequently arming the antibiotic resistant genes' recipient against antibiotics, which is becoming a medical challenge to deal with.Most thinking in genetics has focused upon vertical transfer, but there is a growing awareness that horizontal gene transfer is a highly significant phenomenon and among single-celled organisms perhaps the dominant form of genetic transfer.Artificial horizontal gene transfer is a form of genetic engineering.