On distribution of arithmetical functions on the set prime plus one
... It has been shown also by P. Erdôs that F(x) is continuous if and only if the series 03A3f(p) ~ 0 1/p diverges. New proof of this theorem has been given by H. Delange [2] and by A. Rényi [3]. A multiplicative function g(n) is called strongly multiplicative, if for all primes p and all positive integ ...
... It has been shown also by P. Erdôs that F(x) is continuous if and only if the series 03A3f(p) ~ 0 1/p diverges. New proof of this theorem has been given by H. Delange [2] and by A. Rényi [3]. A multiplicative function g(n) is called strongly multiplicative, if for all primes p and all positive integ ...
A proof
... first step is the assumption that p is true; subsequent steps are constructed using rules of inference, with the final step showing that q must also be true. • A direct proof shows that a conditional statement pq is true by showing that if p is true then q must also be true. • In a direct proof, we ...
... first step is the assumption that p is true; subsequent steps are constructed using rules of inference, with the final step showing that q must also be true. • A direct proof shows that a conditional statement pq is true by showing that if p is true then q must also be true. • In a direct proof, we ...
Document
... proof by contradiction In such a proof, you begin by assuming the negation of the conclusion Then, you show that doing so leads to a logical impossibility Thus, the assumption must be false and the conclusion true ...
... proof by contradiction In such a proof, you begin by assuming the negation of the conclusion Then, you show that doing so leads to a logical impossibility Thus, the assumption must be false and the conclusion true ...
Full text
... 3. A GENERALIZED PASCAL'S TRIANGLE For simplicity, let us write Mkj for |U ( r k) \. We then have the following observations: ...
... 3. A GENERALIZED PASCAL'S TRIANGLE For simplicity, let us write Mkj for |U ( r k) \. We then have the following observations: ...
Theorem
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In mathematics, a theorem is a statement that has been proven on the basis of previously established statements, such as other theorems—and generally accepted statements, such as axioms. The proof of a mathematical theorem is a logical argument for the theorem statement given in accord with the rules of a deductive system. The proof of a theorem is often interpreted as justification of the truth of the theorem statement. In light of the requirement that theorems be proved, the concept of a theorem is fundamentally deductive, in contrast to the notion of a scientific theory, which is empirical.Many mathematical theorems are conditional statements. In this case, the proof deduces the conclusion from conditions called hypotheses or premises. In light of the interpretation of proof as justification of truth, the conclusion is often viewed as a necessary consequence of the hypotheses, namely, that the conclusion is true in case the hypotheses are true, without any further assumptions. However, the conditional could be interpreted differently in certain deductive systems, depending on the meanings assigned to the derivation rules and the conditional symbol.Although they can be written in a completely symbolic form, for example, within the propositional calculus, theorems are often expressed in a natural language such as English. The same is true of proofs, which are often expressed as logically organized and clearly worded informal arguments, intended to convince readers of the truth of the statement of the theorem beyond any doubt, and from which a formal symbolic proof can in principle be constructed. Such arguments are typically easier to check than purely symbolic ones—indeed, many mathematicians would express a preference for a proof that not only demonstrates the validity of a theorem, but also explains in some way why it is obviously true. In some cases, a picture alone may be sufficient to prove a theorem. Because theorems lie at the core of mathematics, they are also central to its aesthetics. Theorems are often described as being ""trivial"", or ""difficult"", or ""deep"", or even ""beautiful"". These subjective judgments vary not only from person to person, but also with time: for example, as a proof is simplified or better understood, a theorem that was once difficult may become trivial. On the other hand, a deep theorem may be simply stated, but its proof may involve surprising and subtle connections between disparate areas of mathematics. Fermat's Last Theorem is a particularly well-known example of such a theorem.