view pdf - Columbia University
... Figure 2 shows the most probable identification of gyri and sulci on this endocast. These are really guesses, since there is no way to offer positive proof without actual electrode stimulation or recordings. Some guesses, however, are more probable than others, and only those that seem most reasonab ...
... Figure 2 shows the most probable identification of gyri and sulci on this endocast. These are really guesses, since there is no way to offer positive proof without actual electrode stimulation or recordings. Some guesses, however, are more probable than others, and only those that seem most reasonab ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... basis of expectancies of emotionally significant events. Recent human imaging studies support this claim [53]. On the other hand, the anatomical relations among the OFC and sensory regions (discussed later) are consistent with an important role for the OFC’s use of information from a variety of sens ...
... basis of expectancies of emotionally significant events. Recent human imaging studies support this claim [53]. On the other hand, the anatomical relations among the OFC and sensory regions (discussed later) are consistent with an important role for the OFC’s use of information from a variety of sens ...
Mirror neuron functioning: an explanation for
... mechanism, as proposed in the direct mapping hypothesis, is thought to be present in these specific areas of the brain. A causal relationship between imitation and the inferior frontal mirror neuron area was indicated during a TMS study by Heiser et al (2003). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimul ...
... mechanism, as proposed in the direct mapping hypothesis, is thought to be present in these specific areas of the brain. A causal relationship between imitation and the inferior frontal mirror neuron area was indicated during a TMS study by Heiser et al (2003). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimul ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... February 15, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.00789.2005. Many single-neuron recording studies have examined the degree to which the activity of primary motor cortex (M1) neurons is related to the kinematics and kinetics of various motor tasks. This has not been explored as extensively for arm movement-related ...
... February 15, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.00789.2005. Many single-neuron recording studies have examined the degree to which the activity of primary motor cortex (M1) neurons is related to the kinematics and kinetics of various motor tasks. This has not been explored as extensively for arm movement-related ...
MS Word DOC - AvianBrain.org
... knowledge on the non-mammalian brain and techniques for studying the brain were both very poor and limited (Huber and Crosby, 1929; Ariëns-Kappers, Huber and Crosby, 1936). The inherited names that we commonly employ for the avian brain are represented in the most popular avian brain atlases (on the ...
... knowledge on the non-mammalian brain and techniques for studying the brain were both very poor and limited (Huber and Crosby, 1929; Ariëns-Kappers, Huber and Crosby, 1936). The inherited names that we commonly employ for the avian brain are represented in the most popular avian brain atlases (on the ...
Role of the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of
... one of three words in response to the specific word heard. The auditory stimuli were three verbs (take, join, find), and the responses were three pronouns (them, her, him). The stimuli were presented through a pair of headphones. The latency and accuracy of the verbal responses were measured bv mean ...
... one of three words in response to the specific word heard. The auditory stimuli were three verbs (take, join, find), and the responses were three pronouns (them, her, him). The stimuli were presented through a pair of headphones. The latency and accuracy of the verbal responses were measured bv mean ...
Methamphetamine Users in Sustained Abstinence
... cover with prolonged abstinence.16,20-25 A series of positron emission tomography studies have tracked neuronal changes as a function of methamphetamine abstinence in human methamphetamine users. In 1 of the first positron emission tomography studies, McCann et al21 reported striatal dopamine trans ...
... cover with prolonged abstinence.16,20-25 A series of positron emission tomography studies have tracked neuronal changes as a function of methamphetamine abstinence in human methamphetamine users. In 1 of the first positron emission tomography studies, McCann et al21 reported striatal dopamine trans ...
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
Supplementary Information (doc 2155K)
... voxel times-series throughout the brain. Correlation maps were normalized (Fisher’s R-to-Z transformation) and used to identify regions with consistent functional connectivity across subjects. This was done by testing the intercept in a regression model controlling for mean-centered age and sex, equ ...
... voxel times-series throughout the brain. Correlation maps were normalized (Fisher’s R-to-Z transformation) and used to identify regions with consistent functional connectivity across subjects. This was done by testing the intercept in a regression model controlling for mean-centered age and sex, equ ...
Aalborg Universitet Brain plasticity Wang, Li
... glutamate in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) increased in response to painful stimulus, and that the concentration of glutamate is strongly related to the subjective pain perception (Mullins et al., 2005). Hence, activation change of the mechanisms involved in cortical reorganization can reflect th ...
... glutamate in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) increased in response to painful stimulus, and that the concentration of glutamate is strongly related to the subjective pain perception (Mullins et al., 2005). Hence, activation change of the mechanisms involved in cortical reorganization can reflect th ...
Differential functional connectivity of rostral
... 1994), which measures AP, and the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ; Watson et al., 1995a,b), which measures AR with the MASQ-AA subscale and AD with the MASQ-AD subscale. The present study used an eight-item subscale of the MASQ-AD scale that has been shown to reflect depressed mood (Nit ...
... 1994), which measures AP, and the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ; Watson et al., 1995a,b), which measures AR with the MASQ-AA subscale and AD with the MASQ-AD subscale. The present study used an eight-item subscale of the MASQ-AD scale that has been shown to reflect depressed mood (Nit ...
The Ventral Striatopallidum and Extended Amygdala in
... primates the core-shell dichotomy is more difficult to define. Attempts have been made for a differentiation of the area by comparing various primates including the human brain using Calbindin immunohistochemistry (Meredith et al., 1996). In humans, the shell begins rostrally as a narrow Calbindin-p ...
... primates the core-shell dichotomy is more difficult to define. Attempts have been made for a differentiation of the area by comparing various primates including the human brain using Calbindin immunohistochemistry (Meredith et al., 1996). In humans, the shell begins rostrally as a narrow Calbindin-p ...
- Reppert Lab
... In this study, we utilized recent advances in data processing and imaging techniques to provide 3D reconstructions of all regions of the monarch brain, based on wholebrain preparations. This approach, which has been used successfully in several other insect species, including the ...
... In this study, we utilized recent advances in data processing and imaging techniques to provide 3D reconstructions of all regions of the monarch brain, based on wholebrain preparations. This approach, which has been used successfully in several other insect species, including the ...
skull - lms.manhattan.edu
... This higher density restricts passage of substances from the bloodstream much more than endothelial cells in capillaries elsewhere in the body. Astrocyte cell projections called astrocytic feet (also known as "glial limitans") surround the endothelial cells of the BBB, providing biochemical support ...
... This higher density restricts passage of substances from the bloodstream much more than endothelial cells in capillaries elsewhere in the body. Astrocyte cell projections called astrocytic feet (also known as "glial limitans") surround the endothelial cells of the BBB, providing biochemical support ...
Visual and oculomotor selection: links, causes and
... theorists of cognition [7,8], there has been considerably more neurophysiological scrutiny in recent years. What do the psychophysical links between attention and saccade planning suggest about the neural substrates that mediate visual and oculomotor selection? Does the apparent overlap of control o ...
... theorists of cognition [7,8], there has been considerably more neurophysiological scrutiny in recent years. What do the psychophysical links between attention and saccade planning suggest about the neural substrates that mediate visual and oculomotor selection? Does the apparent overlap of control o ...
Mapping the Brain
... immediate classification of neurons into large classes: sensory neurons (with distinctive sensory dendrites and cilia), motor neurons (with neuromuscular junctions) and interneurons (a term that is used in C. elegans to describe any neuron that is not evidently sensory or motor, encompassing project ...
... immediate classification of neurons into large classes: sensory neurons (with distinctive sensory dendrites and cilia), motor neurons (with neuromuscular junctions) and interneurons (a term that is used in C. elegans to describe any neuron that is not evidently sensory or motor, encompassing project ...
Effect of Gayatri Mantra Meditation on Meditation Naive Subjects: an
... cerebellum. There were some EEG changes before and after listening to Gayatri mantra also, but reliable analysis could not be carried out due to the less number of samples. Results indicate that mantra meditation can result in changes in the brain. Keywords: Meditation, Mantra, EEG fMRI ...
... cerebellum. There were some EEG changes before and after listening to Gayatri mantra also, but reliable analysis could not be carried out due to the less number of samples. Results indicate that mantra meditation can result in changes in the brain. Keywords: Meditation, Mantra, EEG fMRI ...
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning in Autism
... the dogma—now questioned by some—that even superior performance should be related to a pathological causal mechanism. These included atypical neuronal growth and connection; cortical rededication; inconstant or unpredictable inhibition by higher-order processes; compensation for a deficit; overtraini ...
... the dogma—now questioned by some—that even superior performance should be related to a pathological causal mechanism. These included atypical neuronal growth and connection; cortical rededication; inconstant or unpredictable inhibition by higher-order processes; compensation for a deficit; overtraini ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... fibers to and from gray matter.5 Probabilistic approaches yield confidence boundaries on a particular pathway between gray matter structures in the brain and have been previously used, for example, to investigate the cortical connectivity of the human thalamus5,24 and periventricular– periaqueductal ...
... fibers to and from gray matter.5 Probabilistic approaches yield confidence boundaries on a particular pathway between gray matter structures in the brain and have been previously used, for example, to investigate the cortical connectivity of the human thalamus5,24 and periventricular– periaqueductal ...
Monoaminergic dysfunction in recreational users of
... Subjects were asked to refrain from using caffeinated products on assessment days. In addition, both controls and dAMPH users agreed to abstain from all psychoactive drugs for at least 2 weeks before scanning sessions. They underwent urine drug screening on assessment days (with an enzyme-multiplied ...
... Subjects were asked to refrain from using caffeinated products on assessment days. In addition, both controls and dAMPH users agreed to abstain from all psychoactive drugs for at least 2 weeks before scanning sessions. They underwent urine drug screening on assessment days (with an enzyme-multiplied ...
Neurochemical excitation of propriospinal neurons facilitates
... Relatively little information is available as to which neurotransmitters may be involved in locomotor-related propriospinal transmission. However, assuming the locomotor command signal input to propriospinal neurons is delivered by reticulospinal projections, monoaminergic and/or glutamatergic mecha ...
... Relatively little information is available as to which neurotransmitters may be involved in locomotor-related propriospinal transmission. However, assuming the locomotor command signal input to propriospinal neurons is delivered by reticulospinal projections, monoaminergic and/or glutamatergic mecha ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... adaptive coding potential of prefrontal neurons and their contribution to a global workspace for nonautomatic tasks. These tasks include the choices we make about our behavior. Keywords: action, adaptive coding, fMRI, prefrontal cortex, rule, selection ...
... adaptive coding potential of prefrontal neurons and their contribution to a global workspace for nonautomatic tasks. These tasks include the choices we make about our behavior. Keywords: action, adaptive coding, fMRI, prefrontal cortex, rule, selection ...
Neuron
... In the posterior parietal cortex, significant BOLD activations were clustered along the banks of the intraparietal sulcus, mainly in BA 7 (Figure 2A). There were multiple pairs of bilateral peaks from the fundus to the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (Figure 2B). We call a pair of bilateral ...
... In the posterior parietal cortex, significant BOLD activations were clustered along the banks of the intraparietal sulcus, mainly in BA 7 (Figure 2A). There were multiple pairs of bilateral peaks from the fundus to the lateral bank of the intraparietal sulcus (Figure 2B). We call a pair of bilateral ...
Working Memory in the Prefrontal Cortex
... have attempted to reveal how prefrontal neurons achieve the functions of the central executive. For example, the neural mechanisms of memory control have been examined using the interference effect in a dual-task paradigm. It has been shown that this interference effect is caused by the competitive ...
... have attempted to reveal how prefrontal neurons achieve the functions of the central executive. For example, the neural mechanisms of memory control have been examined using the interference effect in a dual-task paradigm. It has been shown that this interference effect is caused by the competitive ...