Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic
... O’Gorman and Emmerson, 2010; Rossberg, 2012; but see Henri and Van Veen, 2011). Thus, by characterising the size of organisms and the environmental temperature, we should be able to capture a large amount of the ecologically meaningful variation of a system within a small number of dimensions. That ...
... O’Gorman and Emmerson, 2010; Rossberg, 2012; but see Henri and Van Veen, 2011). Thus, by characterising the size of organisms and the environmental temperature, we should be able to capture a large amount of the ecologically meaningful variation of a system within a small number of dimensions. That ...
Tropical tadpole assemblages: which factors affect their structure
... relatively long larval period and acquire larger body sizes in permanent habitats, as they can rely on water level stability and invest in grow (Patterson & McLachlan 1989). On the other hand, the risk of death by desiccation in temporary habitats is relatively high, while predation risk is smaller ...
... relatively long larval period and acquire larger body sizes in permanent habitats, as they can rely on water level stability and invest in grow (Patterson & McLachlan 1989). On the other hand, the risk of death by desiccation in temporary habitats is relatively high, while predation risk is smaller ...
Inglés
... experiment on an intertidal rocky shore in Fildes Bay, King George Island, in which the effect of the dominant grazer Nacella polaris on the structure of benthic periphyton communities was compared between emergent rock and tide pool habitats. Also, we determined the spatial variation in density, we ...
... experiment on an intertidal rocky shore in Fildes Bay, King George Island, in which the effect of the dominant grazer Nacella polaris on the structure of benthic periphyton communities was compared between emergent rock and tide pool habitats. Also, we determined the spatial variation in density, we ...
terrestrial food webs All wet or dried up? Real differences between
... traced to classic studies from both terrestrial and aquatic systems (Elton 1927; Lindeman 1942; Odum & Odum 1955; Hutchinson 1959; Odum et al. 1962). These studies share the perspective that the configuration of food webs (the number and identities of important pools and fluxes, their relative sizes ...
... traced to classic studies from both terrestrial and aquatic systems (Elton 1927; Lindeman 1942; Odum & Odum 1955; Hutchinson 1959; Odum et al. 1962). These studies share the perspective that the configuration of food webs (the number and identities of important pools and fluxes, their relative sizes ...
PDF
... very distant in space. Thus, if the objective is to assess whether historical events influence biotic patterns at very large scales, an alternative and feasible approach would be to define regions, calculate beta diversity and analyse the spatial variation in beta diversity among regions. Several an ...
... very distant in space. Thus, if the objective is to assess whether historical events influence biotic patterns at very large scales, an alternative and feasible approach would be to define regions, calculate beta diversity and analyse the spatial variation in beta diversity among regions. Several an ...
Assessing the role of large herbivores in the
... Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download a ...
... Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download a ...
Effects Velocity Changes on the Water Quality in Water Distribution
... depend on changes in hydraulics (velocity), pH, temperature, water age, piping materials and chlorine residuals. Soini et al. (2002) did a study on bacteria growth (HPC) with various changes of velocity within the distribution system reporting that velocity rates do not cause bacteria growth in dist ...
... depend on changes in hydraulics (velocity), pH, temperature, water age, piping materials and chlorine residuals. Soini et al. (2002) did a study on bacteria growth (HPC) with various changes of velocity within the distribution system reporting that velocity rates do not cause bacteria growth in dist ...
Limiting resources and the regulation of diversity in phytoplankton
... diversity of phytoplankton communities are often greater than the number of measured limiting resources even when conditions are apparently close to equilibrium. This paradox has been evaluated both theoretically and experimentally (Reynolds 1984, Grover 1990, Sommer 1993, 1995, Siegal 1998). Period ...
... diversity of phytoplankton communities are often greater than the number of measured limiting resources even when conditions are apparently close to equilibrium. This paradox has been evaluated both theoretically and experimentally (Reynolds 1984, Grover 1990, Sommer 1993, 1995, Siegal 1998). Period ...
Ecology
... Dead plant, microbial, and animal matter, and feces, are consumed by organisms called detritivores (primarily bacteria and fungi), in a process known as decomposition. Detritus is considered part of the first trophic level, and thus detritivores are part of the second level. ...
... Dead plant, microbial, and animal matter, and feces, are consumed by organisms called detritivores (primarily bacteria and fungi), in a process known as decomposition. Detritus is considered part of the first trophic level, and thus detritivores are part of the second level. ...
Scheldt Estuary Evaluation Methodology Phase 2
... The large-scale dynamics is considered on the basis of the calculation parameter ' ratio between the water surface area at high tide and low tide (rs)', as characterisation of the (relative) area of intertidal flats of the morphological cell, and the ‘width-depth ratio of a morphological cell (β)’ i ...
... The large-scale dynamics is considered on the basis of the calculation parameter ' ratio between the water surface area at high tide and low tide (rs)', as characterisation of the (relative) area of intertidal flats of the morphological cell, and the ‘width-depth ratio of a morphological cell (β)’ i ...
A Sensitive Ecosystem Guide - Salt Spring Island Conservancy
... Herbaceous ecosystems are natural grasslands, open meadows and sparsely vegetated hilltops. The shallow soils, characteristic of herbaceous ecosystems, support low-growing vegetation, such as grasses, forbs (low, broad-leaved plants) and colourful arrays of wildflowers, mosses and ancient lichens. F ...
... Herbaceous ecosystems are natural grasslands, open meadows and sparsely vegetated hilltops. The shallow soils, characteristic of herbaceous ecosystems, support low-growing vegetation, such as grasses, forbs (low, broad-leaved plants) and colourful arrays of wildflowers, mosses and ancient lichens. F ...
Seasonal variations in species composition, abundance, biomass
... was presumably due to the influence of heavy rainfall and the resultant river run-off, as a regular annual event in this area during monsoon. The slight variations of salinity between the estuarine and mangroves was owing to the proximity of the former to the Bay of Bengal. The chlorophyll a concent ...
... was presumably due to the influence of heavy rainfall and the resultant river run-off, as a regular annual event in this area during monsoon. The slight variations of salinity between the estuarine and mangroves was owing to the proximity of the former to the Bay of Bengal. The chlorophyll a concent ...
Comparison of snail density, standing stock, and body size between
... the data on density, standing stock, and body size available for many taxa. These three measures provide insight into the influence of taxa on the communities and ecosystems where they occur. Density and standing stock are fundamental measures describing the distribution and abundance of species acr ...
... the data on density, standing stock, and body size available for many taxa. These three measures provide insight into the influence of taxa on the communities and ecosystems where they occur. Density and standing stock are fundamental measures describing the distribution and abundance of species acr ...
,A STUDY OF A MARINE BENTHIC COMMUNITY WITH SPECIA
... A brief census was also made of most of the larger fauna. A census of organisms over the whole range of individual size is a necessary preliminary to the understanding of quantitative food relationships throughout the community of ricro-organisms and larger animals. It is also necessary for assessin ...
... A brief census was also made of most of the larger fauna. A census of organisms over the whole range of individual size is a necessary preliminary to the understanding of quantitative food relationships throughout the community of ricro-organisms and larger animals. It is also necessary for assessin ...
Biological structure of nearshore rocky subtidal habitats in southern
... described from different areas of the world, few general patterns of community structure hold over wide geographic scales. Consequently, it is unlikely that there are universally important structuring processes except in the broadest sense. In nearshore reef communities dominated by large brown alga ...
... described from different areas of the world, few general patterns of community structure hold over wide geographic scales. Consequently, it is unlikely that there are universally important structuring processes except in the broadest sense. In nearshore reef communities dominated by large brown alga ...
Extinction Rates in North American Freshwater Fishes
... is one of nature’s best ideas: It enables life to adapt to everchanging environments. A fundamental concern among biologists is that contemporary rates of extinction due to human activities are orders of magnitude greater than background rates evidenced in the fossil record, and these rates appear ...
... is one of nature’s best ideas: It enables life to adapt to everchanging environments. A fundamental concern among biologists is that contemporary rates of extinction due to human activities are orders of magnitude greater than background rates evidenced in the fossil record, and these rates appear ...
Biodiversity and the functioning of seagrass ecosystems
... Living organisms vary at every level of the phylogenetic hierarchy from individual genes through higher taxa, and ecological assemblages vary in composition from guilds or functional groups, through communities, to landscapes. This variation is of interest in understanding ecosystem functioning inso ...
... Living organisms vary at every level of the phylogenetic hierarchy from individual genes through higher taxa, and ecological assemblages vary in composition from guilds or functional groups, through communities, to landscapes. This variation is of interest in understanding ecosystem functioning inso ...
what is needed to protect the caloosahatchee?
... o “An important estuarine feature of [the area around the mouth of the Orange River] is the submerged aquatic grass, Vallisneria americana (tape grass)…. Distribution varies as controlling environmental factors (such as salinity and light penetration) change with the amount of freshwater input….” P. ...
... o “An important estuarine feature of [the area around the mouth of the Orange River] is the submerged aquatic grass, Vallisneria americana (tape grass)…. Distribution varies as controlling environmental factors (such as salinity and light penetration) change with the amount of freshwater input….” P. ...
CHANGES IN TURBULENT MIXING SHIFT COMPETITION FOR
... dominated the lake during the summer months for many years. Microcystis is a widespread cyanobacterium that can form nearly monospecific blooms in a variety of eutrophic freshwaters (Zohary and Robarts 1990, Ibelings 1996, Visser et al. 1996a). Microcystis contains gas vesicles, which give the cells ...
... dominated the lake during the summer months for many years. Microcystis is a widespread cyanobacterium that can form nearly monospecific blooms in a variety of eutrophic freshwaters (Zohary and Robarts 1990, Ibelings 1996, Visser et al. 1996a). Microcystis contains gas vesicles, which give the cells ...
Diversity meets decomposition
... for instance by reducing intraspecific competition, by reducing accumulation of specific toxic waste products, or by reducing parasite and pathogen loads. Alternatively, process rates can be reduced if the activities of species are stimulated in aggregations with conspecifics. Diversity effect: the ...
... for instance by reducing intraspecific competition, by reducing accumulation of specific toxic waste products, or by reducing parasite and pathogen loads. Alternatively, process rates can be reduced if the activities of species are stimulated in aggregations with conspecifics. Diversity effect: the ...
Protecting and Maintaining Small Streams and Open Channels
... by manicuring their lawns to the edge of the stream. This practice allows pesticides, fertilizers, pet waste, and sediment to run off the property and reach the stream unimpeded. The shallow roots of grass are inadequate to protect the bank from erosion. Loss of natural vegetation is directly linked ...
... by manicuring their lawns to the edge of the stream. This practice allows pesticides, fertilizers, pet waste, and sediment to run off the property and reach the stream unimpeded. The shallow roots of grass are inadequate to protect the bank from erosion. Loss of natural vegetation is directly linked ...
Parasites of Hawaiian Stream Fishes: Sources and Impacts
... been discovered: Hawaiian marine fishes and native Hawaiian piscivorous birds. Non-native freshwater fishes, principally livebearers in the family Poeciliidae, have been implicated as sources of helminths that now parasitize native stream gobioids. Table 2 provides a summary of which helminths occur ...
... been discovered: Hawaiian marine fishes and native Hawaiian piscivorous birds. Non-native freshwater fishes, principally livebearers in the family Poeciliidae, have been implicated as sources of helminths that now parasitize native stream gobioids. Table 2 provides a summary of which helminths occur ...
Ecology - Hardin County Schools
... • biome: Large community of plants and animals distinguished by the dominant forms of animal and plant life and the climate. • biotic factor: Components of the environment that are living, or were alive and then died, such as plants or animals. • biosphere: Part of the planet and atmosphere with liv ...
... • biome: Large community of plants and animals distinguished by the dominant forms of animal and plant life and the climate. • biotic factor: Components of the environment that are living, or were alive and then died, such as plants or animals. • biosphere: Part of the planet and atmosphere with liv ...
Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Biology Level 2
... Cockles are filter feeders, found just below the surface of the mud with siphons opening just above. When the tide comes in they draw seawater carrying food in into its outer body cavity through its ‘inhalant’ siphon. They push the water out through its ‘exhalent’ siphon. Large particles are removed ...
... Cockles are filter feeders, found just below the surface of the mud with siphons opening just above. When the tide comes in they draw seawater carrying food in into its outer body cavity through its ‘inhalant’ siphon. They push the water out through its ‘exhalent’ siphon. Large particles are removed ...
Herbivory enhances the diversity of primary producers in pond
... factors such as nutrients and light to facilitate species coexistence. In theory, the presence of herbivores could increase the diversity of primary producers, resolving this “paradox of the plankton.” Little experimental evidence supports this natural enemies hypothesis, but previous tests suffer f ...
... factors such as nutrients and light to facilitate species coexistence. In theory, the presence of herbivores could increase the diversity of primary producers, resolving this “paradox of the plankton.” Little experimental evidence supports this natural enemies hypothesis, but previous tests suffer f ...
River ecosystem
The ecosystem of a river is the river viewed as a system operating in its natural environment, and includes biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions.River ecosystems are prime examples of lotic ecosystems. Lotic refers to flowing water, from the Latin lotus, washed. Lotic waters range from springs only a few centimeters wide to major rivers kilometers in width. Much of this article applies to lotic ecosystems in general, including related lotic systems such as streams and springs. Lotic ecosystems can be contrasted with lentic ecosystems, which involve relatively still terrestrial waters such as lakes and ponds. Together, these two fields form the more general study area of freshwater or aquatic ecology. The following unifying characteristics make the ecology of running waters unique from that of other aquatic habitats. Flow is unidirectional. There is a state of continuous physical change. There is a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity at all scales (microhabitats). Variability between lotic systems is quite high. The biota is specialized to live with flow conditions.↑ ↑ ↑ ↑