The Missing Food Problem: How Low Agricultural Imports Contribute
... 320% in agriculture and 276% in non-agriculture, compared to 73% and 22% among rich countries.9 Labour productivity estimates suggest rich countries are well over 90 times more productive in agriculture than poor countries, and over 70 times more in manufacturing.10 Non-tradable services productivi ...
... 320% in agriculture and 276% in non-agriculture, compared to 73% and 22% among rich countries.9 Labour productivity estimates suggest rich countries are well over 90 times more productive in agriculture than poor countries, and over 70 times more in manufacturing.10 Non-tradable services productivi ...
Brand Promotion - Southern United States Trade Association
... Foreign households w/real PPP incomes greater than $20,000 a year ...
... Foreign households w/real PPP incomes greater than $20,000 a year ...
here - Global Innovation Index
... 90% confidence intervals based on audit: 13 countries with ranges of 30+, 19 with 2029, 55 with 10-19, 55 with 9 or less. Missing data a real problem for rankings robustness. The audit is an incentive for countries to improve the collection of statistics. Indicator coverage is 100% for Bulgaria, Hun ...
... 90% confidence intervals based on audit: 13 countries with ranges of 30+, 19 with 2029, 55 with 10-19, 55 with 9 or less. Missing data a real problem for rankings robustness. The audit is an incentive for countries to improve the collection of statistics. Indicator coverage is 100% for Bulgaria, Hun ...
labor market regulation and the legal system
... are more labor friendly or are committed to left-leaning parties might prefer a high level of regulation, whereas more conservative or employer friendly judges might have low levels of e. However, judges are rarely entirely free to set policies but are forced, at least to some degree, to take existi ...
... are more labor friendly or are committed to left-leaning parties might prefer a high level of regulation, whereas more conservative or employer friendly judges might have low levels of e. However, judges are rarely entirely free to set policies but are forced, at least to some degree, to take existi ...
Trade Liberalisation and Labour Demand Elasticities
... resulting in higher income and improved standard of living through two channels. Firstly, there is direct impact that operates through dynamic advantages including higher capacity utilisation and more efficient investment projects and secondly through promoting the performance of export growth and i ...
... resulting in higher income and improved standard of living through two channels. Firstly, there is direct impact that operates through dynamic advantages including higher capacity utilisation and more efficient investment projects and secondly through promoting the performance of export growth and i ...
A Unified Theory of the Evolution of International Income Levels
... characterize the experience of countries that have been experiencing modern economic growth for as long as 100 years. Finally, the theory must be consistent with growth miracles, namely, the large increases in relative income experienced by some initially poor countries in a relatively short period ...
... characterize the experience of countries that have been experiencing modern economic growth for as long as 100 years. Finally, the theory must be consistent with growth miracles, namely, the large increases in relative income experienced by some initially poor countries in a relatively short period ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Pierpaolo Benigno Working Paper 12219
... Firms act instead in a monopolistically-competitive market and maximize their profits. Demand is aggregated across the two markets, as in (3) and (4), and each firm can freely choose its price in its own currency. Profits of a generic firm producing good h in country H are given by π t (h) = (1 − τ ...
... Firms act instead in a monopolistically-competitive market and maximize their profits. Demand is aggregated across the two markets, as in (3) and (4), and each firm can freely choose its price in its own currency. Profits of a generic firm producing good h in country H are given by π t (h) = (1 − τ ...
Maladjusted African Economies and Globalisation Thandika Mkandawire Director,
... Expanded opportunities for trade and the gains from trade are probably the most enticing arguments for embracing globalisation. The SAP’s promise was that through liberalisation, African economies would become more competitive. As World Bank economist Alexander Yeats (1997, 24) asserts, “If Africa i ...
... Expanded opportunities for trade and the gains from trade are probably the most enticing arguments for embracing globalisation. The SAP’s promise was that through liberalisation, African economies would become more competitive. As World Bank economist Alexander Yeats (1997, 24) asserts, “If Africa i ...
... standards will help inform governments of the end result of their regulations and assist in the design of the most efficient ones. This research contributes to the literature by providing an alternative estimation of the effects of U.S. food safety and agricultural health standards on the agro-food ...
Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth in Kenya An
... The importance of openness to trade has been a discussion over centuries with its advantages including lower prices due to removal of tariff barriers which leads to a decrease in consumer prices, increased competition because firms will tend to compete with the abroad thereby increasing efficiency a ...
... The importance of openness to trade has been a discussion over centuries with its advantages including lower prices due to removal of tariff barriers which leads to a decrease in consumer prices, increased competition because firms will tend to compete with the abroad thereby increasing efficiency a ...
International Boycotts
... • The primary boycott: prohibits the importation of Israeliorigin goods and services into boycotting countries. • The secondary boycott: prohibits individuals, as well as private and public sector firms and organizations, in member countries from engaging in business with any entity that does busine ...
... • The primary boycott: prohibits the importation of Israeliorigin goods and services into boycotting countries. • The secondary boycott: prohibits individuals, as well as private and public sector firms and organizations, in member countries from engaging in business with any entity that does busine ...
Standard Trade Model
... Import Tariffs and International Distribution of Income • Home imposes a tariff → ↑tot and ↓tot* but impact on home’s welfare is not so clear cut. ↑tot benefits home, but ↑PM → distorts production decisions: encourages home’s producers to use scarce resources to produce a good that home does not ...
... Import Tariffs and International Distribution of Income • Home imposes a tariff → ↑tot and ↓tot* but impact on home’s welfare is not so clear cut. ↑tot benefits home, but ↑PM → distorts production decisions: encourages home’s producers to use scarce resources to produce a good that home does not ...
econ215session6slides
... would be produced locally. Structuralists argued that this can only be achieved if industries are protected from outside competition at least in its initial stage or infant industry phase. ...
... would be produced locally. Structuralists argued that this can only be achieved if industries are protected from outside competition at least in its initial stage or infant industry phase. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE NEW KALDOR FACTS: Charles I. Jones
... and people — via globalization as well as urbanization — have increased the extent of the market for all workers and consumers. 2. Accelerating growth. For thousands of years, growth in both population and per capita GDP has accelerated, rising from virtually zero to the relatively rapid rates obser ...
... and people — via globalization as well as urbanization — have increased the extent of the market for all workers and consumers. 2. Accelerating growth. For thousands of years, growth in both population and per capita GDP has accelerated, rising from virtually zero to the relatively rapid rates obser ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INTERPRETING THE TARIFF-GROWTH CORRELATION Douglas A. Irwin
... Thus, two high tariff countries did grow rapidly, but export-led growth is a better description of their development process than import substitution. What about the link between tariffs and growth in other countries? In the United States, high tariffs on manufactured goods originally imposed during ...
... Thus, two high tariff countries did grow rapidly, but export-led growth is a better description of their development process than import substitution. What about the link between tariffs and growth in other countries? In the United States, high tariffs on manufactured goods originally imposed during ...
Chapter 4 Costs and Benefits Compared
... EMU, even if it does not satisfy the OCA criteria, can have a self-fulfilling character • In this case the process of integration is sped up by the very decision to join the monetary union, so that this new country grouping moves faster into the OCA zone • OCA becomes endogenous ...
... EMU, even if it does not satisfy the OCA criteria, can have a self-fulfilling character • In this case the process of integration is sped up by the very decision to join the monetary union, so that this new country grouping moves faster into the OCA zone • OCA becomes endogenous ...
Do Equity Indices In Malaysia, The Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand And The Us Follow A Random Walk?
... Generally, international equity markets provide highly profitable investment opportunities to investors seeking optimum rates of return on a worldwide basis. Among the international equity markets, certain economies such as those in Latin American countries, the Middle East and North African, Europ ...
... Generally, international equity markets provide highly profitable investment opportunities to investors seeking optimum rates of return on a worldwide basis. Among the international equity markets, certain economies such as those in Latin American countries, the Middle East and North African, Europ ...
Rising Economic Nationalism in Indonesia: Will This Time be
... investment (FDI) into the smelter projects and pushed miners to add value to their products,18 there is no clear economic calculation available about the net impact of the policy. Like his predecessor, Jokowi’s trade and investment policies will also be driven by Indonesia’s long-term strategic deve ...
... investment (FDI) into the smelter projects and pushed miners to add value to their products,18 there is no clear economic calculation available about the net impact of the policy. Like his predecessor, Jokowi’s trade and investment policies will also be driven by Indonesia’s long-term strategic deve ...
Crisis, contagion and international policy spillovers under
... related shocks, they lack the ability to speak about structural macroeconomic shocks and, even more importantly, about the spillovers from monetary, regulatory or macroprudential policy. Given the current implementation of macroprudential policy in several countries and the missing empirical eviden ...
... related shocks, they lack the ability to speak about structural macroeconomic shocks and, even more importantly, about the spillovers from monetary, regulatory or macroprudential policy. Given the current implementation of macroprudential policy in several countries and the missing empirical eviden ...
The Effects of External and Internal Shocks on Total Factor Productivity
... of developing countries. When we investigated factors related with structural change, developed countries presented a break near the …rst oil shock while the developing countries’breaks are more spread across time. Thus, external strikes seem to be more relevant for developed countries. On the other ...
... of developing countries. When we investigated factors related with structural change, developed countries presented a break near the …rst oil shock while the developing countries’breaks are more spread across time. Thus, external strikes seem to be more relevant for developed countries. On the other ...
PDF
... is ahead of theory in this area and more theoretical work is needed to deepen our understanding of the interaction between globalisation and institutional quality. While proponents of trade argue that economic integration is conducive to stronger institutions, a series of recent papers point out tha ...
... is ahead of theory in this area and more theoretical work is needed to deepen our understanding of the interaction between globalisation and institutional quality. While proponents of trade argue that economic integration is conducive to stronger institutions, a series of recent papers point out tha ...
On the Measurement of Product Variety in Trade
... percent more exports products relative to the sample mean. In 1997, the productivity gap reduces to 6.7 percent while the export variety difference is about 61 percent. Thus over the years, we see a gradual decline of export variety in Canada, especially since the early 1990s, and it is reflected in ...
... percent more exports products relative to the sample mean. In 1997, the productivity gap reduces to 6.7 percent while the export variety difference is about 61 percent. Thus over the years, we see a gradual decline of export variety in Canada, especially since the early 1990s, and it is reflected in ...
Andean Community (CAN) The Andean Community is a trade bloc
... Andean Community member states without the requirement of visa. Passengers only need to present their national ID cards. The Andean passport was created in June 2001. Passports of all 4 member countries are issued based on a standard model which contains harmonized features of nomenclature and secur ...
... Andean Community member states without the requirement of visa. Passengers only need to present their national ID cards. The Andean passport was created in June 2001. Passports of all 4 member countries are issued based on a standard model which contains harmonized features of nomenclature and secur ...
Chapter 19: Chinese International Economic Relations
... In the early 1980s, the number of companies allowed to engage in foreign trade expanded. By 1988, there were about 5,000 stateowned foreign trade corporations. In addition, some 10,000 manufacturing enterprises gained the right to export or import directly. The township and village enterprises incre ...
... In the early 1980s, the number of companies allowed to engage in foreign trade expanded. By 1988, there were about 5,000 stateowned foreign trade corporations. In addition, some 10,000 manufacturing enterprises gained the right to export or import directly. The township and village enterprises incre ...
Chapter 5
... The Effects of Economic Growth (cont.) • Biased growth and the resulting change in relative supply causes a change in the terms of trade. Biased growth in the cloth industry (in either the domestic or foreign country) will lower the price of cloth relative to the price of food and lower the terms ...
... The Effects of Economic Growth (cont.) • Biased growth and the resulting change in relative supply causes a change in the terms of trade. Biased growth in the cloth industry (in either the domestic or foreign country) will lower the price of cloth relative to the price of food and lower the terms ...