“Measured Aggregate Gains from International Trade”
... a closed economy: terms of trade improvements in one country are associated to terms of trade worsenings in another country. This implies that changes in GDP deflators at the world level (e.g. a weighted average of changes in deflators of individual countries) are equal, up to a first-order approxi ...
... a closed economy: terms of trade improvements in one country are associated to terms of trade worsenings in another country. This implies that changes in GDP deflators at the world level (e.g. a weighted average of changes in deflators of individual countries) are equal, up to a first-order approxi ...
CHAPTER 2—FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN TRADE THEORY
... © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. ...
... © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. ...
IMF Working Paper 04/108: The End of Textile Quotas: A Case Study
... Under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), MFA quotas are to be phased out progressively over a 10-year period, as shown in the graph below (left panel). The 10-year period cannot be extended. In the first stage, which began on January 1, 1995, WTO Members were required to int ...
... Under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), MFA quotas are to be phased out progressively over a 10-year period, as shown in the graph below (left panel). The 10-year period cannot be extended. In the first stage, which began on January 1, 1995, WTO Members were required to int ...
A theory of capabilities for productive transformation: Learning
... elaborated which defines the phenomenon as a process of productive transformation reflected in diversification into new products and higher value added activities as well as in technological upgrading, the creation of more productive and better jobs and employment patterns that result in rising wage ...
... elaborated which defines the phenomenon as a process of productive transformation reflected in diversification into new products and higher value added activities as well as in technological upgrading, the creation of more productive and better jobs and employment patterns that result in rising wage ...
Automatic Exchange of Information (AEI) Foreign Account Tax
... of holding (in whole or in part) the outstanding stock of, or providing financing and services to, one or more subsidiaries that engage in trades or businesses other than the business of a Financial Institution, except that an Entity does not qualify for this status if the Entity functions (or holds ...
... of holding (in whole or in part) the outstanding stock of, or providing financing and services to, one or more subsidiaries that engage in trades or businesses other than the business of a Financial Institution, except that an Entity does not qualify for this status if the Entity functions (or holds ...
Export Differentiation in Transition Economies
... and homogeneous goods had higher hazard rates than differentiated goods, while there are no differences across the three groups of products between 2000 and 2002. Between 2004 and 2006 differences are reversed – homogeneous and reference priced goods have a lower hazard, indicating that significant chan ...
... and homogeneous goods had higher hazard rates than differentiated goods, while there are no differences across the three groups of products between 2000 and 2002. Between 2004 and 2006 differences are reversed – homogeneous and reference priced goods have a lower hazard, indicating that significant chan ...
PDF
... A number of other markets are affected by the tariff. Products dependent on winter cereals show price increases due to increases to their intermediate input costs: grain mill product prices increase by 2.3%, animal feeds by 0.7% and bakeries and confectionary by 0.4%. Aggregate food prices increase ...
... A number of other markets are affected by the tariff. Products dependent on winter cereals show price increases due to increases to their intermediate input costs: grain mill product prices increase by 2.3%, animal feeds by 0.7% and bakeries and confectionary by 0.4%. Aggregate food prices increase ...
Method: Finite Mixture Regression model
... 51) these exercises raise “the recurrent suspicion that the experiences of very different national economies are not to be explained as if they represented different ‘points’ on some well-defined surface.” Temple (1999: 126) points out that cross-country growth regressions will still provide useful ...
... 51) these exercises raise “the recurrent suspicion that the experiences of very different national economies are not to be explained as if they represented different ‘points’ on some well-defined surface.” Temple (1999: 126) points out that cross-country growth regressions will still provide useful ...
Free Full Text ( Final Version , 605kb )
... productivity. If instead this growth was caused by mere increase of factor inputs, it would imply that productivity growth would not follow, and should be considered anything but “miraculous”. This paper will try to provide an insight on how East Asia’s experience can be explained in terms of the n ...
... productivity. If instead this growth was caused by mere increase of factor inputs, it would imply that productivity growth would not follow, and should be considered anything but “miraculous”. This paper will try to provide an insight on how East Asia’s experience can be explained in terms of the n ...
Advances in Environmental Biology
... increase role and sovereignty of transnational enterprises and organizations. In world politics, the national governments gradually lose their control, administration, and powers and their supervision downplays over domestic forces. The governments are assumed the agents for realization of globaliza ...
... increase role and sovereignty of transnational enterprises and organizations. In world politics, the national governments gradually lose their control, administration, and powers and their supervision downplays over domestic forces. The governments are assumed the agents for realization of globaliza ...
Paper 5 Economics of Development and Growth
... Rostow relates social and institutional factors with economic forces of growth through a number of observable propensities of the community, viz., (1) Propensity to develop fundamental science, (2) Propensity to apply science to economic needs, (3) Propensity to accept innovations, (4) Propensity to ...
... Rostow relates social and institutional factors with economic forces of growth through a number of observable propensities of the community, viz., (1) Propensity to develop fundamental science, (2) Propensity to apply science to economic needs, (3) Propensity to accept innovations, (4) Propensity to ...
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
... innovation results in higher wages in the U.S. As industries mature, they move to lower wage countries. In order to regain our comparative advantage, the U.S. exchange rate will decline and foreign wages will increase to make U.S. exports cheaper and imports to the U.S. more expensive. ...
... innovation results in higher wages in the U.S. As industries mature, they move to lower wage countries. In order to regain our comparative advantage, the U.S. exchange rate will decline and foreign wages will increase to make U.S. exports cheaper and imports to the U.S. more expensive. ...
It`s Not Factor Accumulation: Stylized Facts and
... policymakers and to growth theorists. We do not have empirical evidence, however, that confidently assesses the relative importance of each of these conceptions of TFP in explaining economic growth. Economists need to provide much more shape and substance to the amorphous term “TFP.” This paper exa ...
... policymakers and to growth theorists. We do not have empirical evidence, however, that confidently assesses the relative importance of each of these conceptions of TFP in explaining economic growth. Economists need to provide much more shape and substance to the amorphous term “TFP.” This paper exa ...
Estimating the Constraints to Developing Countries Trade
... larger impact on trade performance in landlocked countries than in other countries, although their impact remains small in comparison to other constraints. Policies fostering investment will also have a sizable trade impact, although slightly smaller than in the unrestricted sample. Better macroecon ...
... larger impact on trade performance in landlocked countries than in other countries, although their impact remains small in comparison to other constraints. Policies fostering investment will also have a sizable trade impact, although slightly smaller than in the unrestricted sample. Better macroecon ...
Why Have So Few Countries Industrialised?
... Figure 4.14. FDI inflows, as % of Gross Fixed Capital Formation, 5-year averages, 1970-05 ........................................................................................ 123 ...
... Figure 4.14. FDI inflows, as % of Gross Fixed Capital Formation, 5-year averages, 1970-05 ........................................................................................ 123 ...
What drives the market share changes? price versus non
... popular indicators in order to assess a country’s competitiveness on a macro level. Both indicators are extensively used in the policy analysis for obvious reasons: The calculation of changes in export market shares is easy and straightforward, while the REER, although being computationally more dem ...
... popular indicators in order to assess a country’s competitiveness on a macro level. Both indicators are extensively used in the policy analysis for obvious reasons: The calculation of changes in export market shares is easy and straightforward, while the REER, although being computationally more dem ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MARKET ACCESS, OPENNESS AND GROWTH John Romalis
... that market access may give rise to agglomeration benefits, leading to higher income levels (see for instance Paul Krugman and Anthony Venables (1995) for theory and Mary Amiti and Lisa Cameron (2004) for empirical confirmation). Empirical studies of the effect of trade on growth are usually either ...
... that market access may give rise to agglomeration benefits, leading to higher income levels (see for instance Paul Krugman and Anthony Venables (1995) for theory and Mary Amiti and Lisa Cameron (2004) for empirical confirmation). Empirical studies of the effect of trade on growth are usually either ...
The World Trade Organization
... Disputes are handled constructively Rules make life easier for all Freer trade cuts the costs of living It provides more choice of products and qualities Trade raises incomes Trade stimulates economic growth The basic principles make life more efficient Governments are shielded from lobbying The sys ...
... Disputes are handled constructively Rules make life easier for all Freer trade cuts the costs of living It provides more choice of products and qualities Trade raises incomes Trade stimulates economic growth The basic principles make life more efficient Governments are shielded from lobbying The sys ...
Measuring the Unequal Gains from Trade
... welfare change through the expenditure channel experienced by consumers at each expenditure level as a result of changes in prices, can be recovered from demand parameters and aggregate statistics. These aggregate statistics include the initial levels and changes in aggregate expenditure shares acr ...
... welfare change through the expenditure channel experienced by consumers at each expenditure level as a result of changes in prices, can be recovered from demand parameters and aggregate statistics. These aggregate statistics include the initial levels and changes in aggregate expenditure shares acr ...
Do Hub-and-Spoke Free Trade Agreements Increase Trade? A
... being an FTA hub rather than an FTA spoke can be beneficial in terms of welfare levels and export performance. If so, a country would have the incentive to sign multiple FTAs and become the hub of an FTA network. The following simple real world example of an FTA network, which is based on a more gen ...
... being an FTA hub rather than an FTA spoke can be beneficial in terms of welfare levels and export performance. If so, a country would have the incentive to sign multiple FTAs and become the hub of an FTA network. The following simple real world example of an FTA network, which is based on a more gen ...
Human Capital, Fertility, and Economic Growth
... nearly one hundred countries since 1960 suggest that education investments in 1960 are an important variable explaining subsequent growth in per capita incomes (see Barro 1989). Considerable circumstantial evidence also indicates that countries grow more rapidly when education and other skills are m ...
... nearly one hundred countries since 1960 suggest that education investments in 1960 are an important variable explaining subsequent growth in per capita incomes (see Barro 1989). Considerable circumstantial evidence also indicates that countries grow more rapidly when education and other skills are m ...
quarterly journal of economics
... Khandelwal (2010). We also find that our estimates are less sensitive to assumptions about the extensive margin than the ‘‘demand-side’’ estimates of these authors (because we solve for the extensive margin in our model). On the import side we find that quality-adjusted import prices tend to be lowe ...
... Khandelwal (2010). We also find that our estimates are less sensitive to assumptions about the extensive margin than the ‘‘demand-side’’ estimates of these authors (because we solve for the extensive margin in our model). On the import side we find that quality-adjusted import prices tend to be lowe ...
Convergence in GDP per capita and real wages: Some results for
... Most tests of the convergence hypothesis utilise cross-sectional data and report convergence for industrial economies (see, for example, Refs. [2,7]). Outside the industrial world convergence club, there appears less tendency for per capita income differences to narrow (see Refs. [6,11]). Although d ...
... Most tests of the convergence hypothesis utilise cross-sectional data and report convergence for industrial economies (see, for example, Refs. [2,7]). Outside the industrial world convergence club, there appears less tendency for per capita income differences to narrow (see Refs. [6,11]). Although d ...
Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle
... The gravity equation is one of the most empirically successful in economics. It relates bilateral trade %ows to GDP, distance and other factors that a&ect trade barriers. It has been widely used to infer trade %ow e&ects of institutions such as customs unions, exchange rate mechanisms, ethnic ties, ...
... The gravity equation is one of the most empirically successful in economics. It relates bilateral trade %ows to GDP, distance and other factors that a&ect trade barriers. It has been widely used to infer trade %ow e&ects of institutions such as customs unions, exchange rate mechanisms, ethnic ties, ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume
... endogenously. The home country is subject to stochastic shocks from internal and external sources and the focus of interest is on the stabilization and welfare implications of regime choice for the home country. Price setting is subject to Calvo-style price contracts but, unlike the standard Calvo ( ...
... endogenously. The home country is subject to stochastic shocks from internal and external sources and the focus of interest is on the stabilization and welfare implications of regime choice for the home country. Price setting is subject to Calvo-style price contracts but, unlike the standard Calvo ( ...
International factor movements
In international economics, international factor movements are movements of labor, capital, and other factors of production between countries. International factor movements occur in three ways: immigration/emigration, capital transfers through international borrowing and lending, and foreign direct investment. International factor movements also raise political and social issues not present in trade in goods and services. Nations frequently restrict immigration, capital flows, and foreign direct investment.