Low temperature London penetration depth and superfluid density
... of which determines Tc . Pairing is isotropic and leads to a superconducting gap which is constant over the Fermi surface, so-called s-wave pairing. In the BCS scenario, Tc would be dependent on the strength of electron-phonon coupling and on the detailed electronic structure of materials [8, 9]. Th ...
... of which determines Tc . Pairing is isotropic and leads to a superconducting gap which is constant over the Fermi surface, so-called s-wave pairing. In the BCS scenario, Tc would be dependent on the strength of electron-phonon coupling and on the detailed electronic structure of materials [8, 9]. Th ...
Discrete Symmetries
... results in momentum and energy conservation. Besides these continuous symmetries one has discrete symmetries that play an important role. Particularly, three such discrete symmetries are a topic of interest in modern particle physics. The parity transformation P performs a reflection of the space co ...
... results in momentum and energy conservation. Besides these continuous symmetries one has discrete symmetries that play an important role. Particularly, three such discrete symmetries are a topic of interest in modern particle physics. The parity transformation P performs a reflection of the space co ...
Entanglement Entropies in the Ground States of Helium
... we are using here for determining the occupation numbers. Tables 3 and 4 show how the values of the linear and von Neumann entropies, respectively, converge as the cut-offs lm and n m are increased. Performing calculations at larger R and ω, we have verified that the value of the vN entropy 0.084899 ...
... we are using here for determining the occupation numbers. Tables 3 and 4 show how the values of the linear and von Neumann entropies, respectively, converge as the cut-offs lm and n m are increased. Performing calculations at larger R and ω, we have verified that the value of the vN entropy 0.084899 ...
Elementary scaling laws for sizing up and down Hall effect thrusters
... of high atomic mass and low ionization energy. A set of solenoids provides a radially directed magnetic field B of which the strength is maximum in the vicinity of the channel exhaust. The magnetic field is chosen strong enough to make the electron Larmor radius much smaller than the discharge chamb ...
... of high atomic mass and low ionization energy. A set of solenoids provides a radially directed magnetic field B of which the strength is maximum in the vicinity of the channel exhaust. The magnetic field is chosen strong enough to make the electron Larmor radius much smaller than the discharge chamb ...
APPENDIX 1 Magnetic field mitigation checklist
... EMF is part of the natural environment and electric fields are present in the atmosphere and static magnetic fields are created by the Earth’s core. EMF is also produced wherever electricity or electrical equipment is in use. Powerlines, electrical wiring, household appliances and electrical equipme ...
... EMF is part of the natural environment and electric fields are present in the atmosphere and static magnetic fields are created by the Earth’s core. EMF is also produced wherever electricity or electrical equipment is in use. Powerlines, electrical wiring, household appliances and electrical equipme ...
(HAOS-DIPER) Reference Guide
... commonly applies to quiescent stellar atmospheres from photosphere to corona, and in many photoionized astrophysical plasmas. At low temperatures, Coulomb cross sections are large, and the assumption that the electron distribution functions are thermalized may be quite reasonable, even at very low d ...
... commonly applies to quiescent stellar atmospheres from photosphere to corona, and in many photoionized astrophysical plasmas. At low temperatures, Coulomb cross sections are large, and the assumption that the electron distribution functions are thermalized may be quite reasonable, even at very low d ...
Power Scaling Laws and Dimensional Transitions in Solid Mechanics
... approach to turbulence, where fractional powerlaws of the double-velocity correlation functions come into play. It is nowadays believed that these scaling laws can be derived from the fractal (Cantorian) characteristics of the underlying space-time framework [14]. ...
... approach to turbulence, where fractional powerlaws of the double-velocity correlation functions come into play. It is nowadays believed that these scaling laws can be derived from the fractal (Cantorian) characteristics of the underlying space-time framework [14]. ...
Quantum Transport through Single and Double Quantum Dots
... The electronic properties of quantum dots are dominated by two effects. Firstly, the Coulomb repulsion between electrons, leads to an energy cost in order to add an extra electron. Due to this fact tunnelling of electrons to or from the reservoirs can be suppressed at low temperatures, this phenome ...
... The electronic properties of quantum dots are dominated by two effects. Firstly, the Coulomb repulsion between electrons, leads to an energy cost in order to add an extra electron. Due to this fact tunnelling of electrons to or from the reservoirs can be suppressed at low temperatures, this phenome ...
Lead Oxides for Photovoltaics - Solar Energy Materials
... between PbO and Al increases, which results in a higher VOC. This trend is inverted when the Fermi level of PbO drops below that of ITO, creating an opposing junction. Reactively sputtered PbO2 films are highly conductive degenerate semiconductors. Increasing oxygen flow rate during deposition leads ...
... between PbO and Al increases, which results in a higher VOC. This trend is inverted when the Fermi level of PbO drops below that of ITO, creating an opposing junction. Reactively sputtered PbO2 films are highly conductive degenerate semiconductors. Increasing oxygen flow rate during deposition leads ...
Nanocrystalline Fe-Pt alloys: phase transformations
... reversible. Nevertheless, the open recoil loops of the Fe-rich powders indicate deviations from the ideal exchange-spring-magnet behaviour. The recoil loop area decreases with decreasing soft magnetic phase fraction and no recoil hystersis is observed in the essentially single L10-phase Fe50Pt50 sam ...
... reversible. Nevertheless, the open recoil loops of the Fe-rich powders indicate deviations from the ideal exchange-spring-magnet behaviour. The recoil loop area decreases with decreasing soft magnetic phase fraction and no recoil hystersis is observed in the essentially single L10-phase Fe50Pt50 sam ...
Theory of electric field effect on electronic spectra and electronic
... In the above derivation, we have implicitly assumed that in the system there exist molecular motions with energies large and small compared with kT so that the expansion like that given by Eq. (2.3) may be assumed to hold. At low temperatures and in solid media, the expansion Eq. (2.3) is not valid, ...
... In the above derivation, we have implicitly assumed that in the system there exist molecular motions with energies large and small compared with kT so that the expansion like that given by Eq. (2.3) may be assumed to hold. At low temperatures and in solid media, the expansion Eq. (2.3) is not valid, ...
Module P4.3 Electromagnetic forces
... motor, and sometimes the force is exerted directly on moving charges, with no conductor present, as in the case of the electron beam in a television picture tube. Section 2 deals with the forces on currents, including those in electric motors and electric meters, whilst Section 3 considers the force ...
... motor, and sometimes the force is exerted directly on moving charges, with no conductor present, as in the case of the electron beam in a television picture tube. Section 2 deals with the forces on currents, including those in electric motors and electric meters, whilst Section 3 considers the force ...
Electron spin resonance studies of pentavalent and trivalent chromium
... It has long been known 29,30 that the rate of spin-lattice relaxation processes may vary considerably ffOm ion to ion. This even holds for the comparison of ions with the (3d) confignration in different compounds. Thus the spin-lattice relaxation for the ion Ti3+ in the compound CsTi(S04 )2 .12 H20 ...
... It has long been known 29,30 that the rate of spin-lattice relaxation processes may vary considerably ffOm ion to ion. This even holds for the comparison of ions with the (3d) confignration in different compounds. Thus the spin-lattice relaxation for the ion Ti3+ in the compound CsTi(S04 )2 .12 H20 ...
Projections and correlations in the fractional quantum Hall effect
... of the whole system in a way depending on the order of exchange. This has been proposed as a suitable basis for noise resistant quantum computing. The excitations are an emergent property of the totality of the system, whose main active constituent is the well understood electron. The electrons act ...
... of the whole system in a way depending on the order of exchange. This has been proposed as a suitable basis for noise resistant quantum computing. The excitations are an emergent property of the totality of the system, whose main active constituent is the well understood electron. The electrons act ...
Turbulent transport coefficients and residual energy in mean
... turbulent diffusivity. For a specific problem such as the solar magnetic field, some appropriate spatial distribution of the transport coefficients can be prescribed. However, in developing a general MHD turbulence model, model expressions for the transport coefficients are necessary to close the sy ...
... turbulent diffusivity. For a specific problem such as the solar magnetic field, some appropriate spatial distribution of the transport coefficients can be prescribed. However, in developing a general MHD turbulence model, model expressions for the transport coefficients are necessary to close the sy ...
Scattering_pdf
... of freedom? Once these fundamental questions are answered, the macroscopic properties are in principle determined by quantum theory and statistical physics. The macroscopic response and transport properties such as thermal conductivity, elasticity, viscosity, susceptibility etc. are the quantities o ...
... of freedom? Once these fundamental questions are answered, the macroscopic properties are in principle determined by quantum theory and statistical physics. The macroscopic response and transport properties such as thermal conductivity, elasticity, viscosity, susceptibility etc. are the quantities o ...
PhD tutorial: Self-probing of molecules with high
... (iii) The HHG process is driven by the laser field in a fully coherent way, i.e. it happens in a macroscopic number of molecules in the laser focus in a perfectly synchronized way, leading to a “macroscopic” light signal from a single-molecule effect—a very pleasant situation for experimentalists. I ...
... (iii) The HHG process is driven by the laser field in a fully coherent way, i.e. it happens in a macroscopic number of molecules in the laser focus in a perfectly synchronized way, leading to a “macroscopic” light signal from a single-molecule effect—a very pleasant situation for experimentalists. I ...
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is a branch of physics that deals with the physical properties of condensed phases of matter. Condensed matter physicists seek to understand the behavior of these phases by using physical laws. In particular, these include the laws of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and statistical mechanics.The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, while more exotic condensed phases include the superconducting phase exhibited by certain materials at low temperature, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices, and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in cold atomic systems. The study of condensed matter physics involves measuring various material properties via experimental probes along with using techniques of theoretical physics to develop mathematical models that help in understanding physical behavior.The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists, and the Division of Condensed Matter Physics is the largest division at the American Physical Society. The field overlaps with chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology, and relates closely to atomic physics and biophysics. Theoretical condensed matter physics shares important concepts and techniques with theoretical particle and nuclear physics.A variety of topics in physics such as crystallography, metallurgy, elasticity, magnetism, etc., were treated as distinct areas, until the 1940s when they were grouped together as solid state physics. Around the 1960s, the study of physical properties of liquids was added to this list, forming the basis for the new, related specialty of condensed matter physics. According to physicist Phil Anderson, the term was coined by him and Volker Heine when they changed the name of their group at the Cavendish Laboratories, Cambridge from ""Solid state theory"" to ""Theory of Condensed Matter"" in 1967, as they felt it did not exclude their interests in the study of liquids, nuclear matter and so on. Although Anderson and Heine helped popularize the name ""condensed matter"", it had been present in Europe for some years, most prominently in the form of a journal published in English, French, and German by Springer-Verlag titled Physics of Condensed Matter, which was launched in 1963. The funding environment and Cold War politics of the 1960s and 1970s were also factors that lead some physicists to prefer the name ""condensed matter physics"", which emphasized the commonality of scientific problems encountered by physicists working on solids, liquids, plasmas, and other complex matter, over ""solid state physics"", which was often associated with the industrial applications of metals and semiconductors. The Bell Telephone Laboratories was one of the first institutes to conduct a research program in condensed matter physics.References to ""condensed"" state can be traced to earlier sources. For example, in the introduction to his 1947 ""Kinetic theory of liquids"" book, Yakov Frenkel proposed that ""The kinetic theory of liquids must accordingly be developed as a generalization and extension of the kinetic theory of solid bodies"". As a matter of fact, it would be more correct to unify them under the title of ""condensed bodies"".