Luminescence from Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and
... Nevertheless, other experimental measurements have shown that native defects, and especially VO deep level defects, can contribute to the unintentional n-type conductivity of ZnO when present as complexes, but not as isolated native point defects [21]. On the other hand, VZn has the lowest formation ...
... Nevertheless, other experimental measurements have shown that native defects, and especially VO deep level defects, can contribute to the unintentional n-type conductivity of ZnO when present as complexes, but not as isolated native point defects [21]. On the other hand, VZn has the lowest formation ...
laser and its applications
... Different types of Q-switches like rotating prism, polarizing device, and dye solutions are employed. The tremendous energy released in this way can pierce through not only thick metallic plates but also the hardest material like diamond. 2.1.5 Inversion Mechanisms Population inversion, which gives ...
... Different types of Q-switches like rotating prism, polarizing device, and dye solutions are employed. The tremendous energy released in this way can pierce through not only thick metallic plates but also the hardest material like diamond. 2.1.5 Inversion Mechanisms Population inversion, which gives ...
Bulk materials — — Part 1: Sampling and qualitative determination
... samples. The applicability of polarized light microscopy can be extended by the use of simple treatments such as ashing and treatment with acid. However, there are some classes of commercial asbestos-containing material that cannot be reliably analyzed by polarized light microscopy. The occurrence o ...
... samples. The applicability of polarized light microscopy can be extended by the use of simple treatments such as ashing and treatment with acid. However, there are some classes of commercial asbestos-containing material that cannot be reliably analyzed by polarized light microscopy. The occurrence o ...
Nanoparticle, NiO, Nanocomposite, Sol-gel, UV
... years, nanoscale transition metal o xides (TMOs) have been intensively studied due to their different potential applications. As compared to other TMOs, the Nickel o xide (NiO) is an attractive material well known for its chemical stability. NiO making composite with different oxide materials increa ...
... years, nanoscale transition metal o xides (TMOs) have been intensively studied due to their different potential applications. As compared to other TMOs, the Nickel o xide (NiO) is an attractive material well known for its chemical stability. NiO making composite with different oxide materials increa ...
WO3 nanosponge photoanodes with high applied
... Fig. 2a shows photographs of the WO3 nanoparticle dispersions. Dispersion D2, used to fabricate photoanode W2, was beige, and the dispersed nanoparticle size was evaluated by using a particle size analyzer to be mainly 264.1 nm in the range of 250–400 nm (Fig. 2b). This value indicates that the nano ...
... Fig. 2a shows photographs of the WO3 nanoparticle dispersions. Dispersion D2, used to fabricate photoanode W2, was beige, and the dispersed nanoparticle size was evaluated by using a particle size analyzer to be mainly 264.1 nm in the range of 250–400 nm (Fig. 2b). This value indicates that the nano ...
Revisit and insight into the dilemma of strong and brittle materials
... suggestion and insight to solve the problem, we need to confirm the current situation of the progress in our fracture research field. Full understanding of fracture processes and mechanisms responsible in brittle fracture is urgent from macroscopic, microscopic and atomistic points of view. It is well ...
... suggestion and insight to solve the problem, we need to confirm the current situation of the progress in our fracture research field. Full understanding of fracture processes and mechanisms responsible in brittle fracture is urgent from macroscopic, microscopic and atomistic points of view. It is well ...
Controlled Synthesis of Organic/Inorganic van der Waals Solid for
... plenteous photoactive materials, inorganic–organic perovskites have attracted great attention due to their remarkable ...
... plenteous photoactive materials, inorganic–organic perovskites have attracted great attention due to their remarkable ...
thin film opal photonic crystals - Elpub Wuppertal
... One example of a three-dimensional photonic crystal is an artificial opal that grows in a selfassembly process as a face centred cubic crystal; it has been used as a model system for photonic crystals for several years. Thin films of artificial opals and their high-index semiconductor replicas have ...
... One example of a three-dimensional photonic crystal is an artificial opal that grows in a selfassembly process as a face centred cubic crystal; it has been used as a model system for photonic crystals for several years. Thin films of artificial opals and their high-index semiconductor replicas have ...
Significance of grain boundaries for transport phenomena in
... In a crystalline material, a unit cell consisting of one or several atoms is repeated in all directions, resulting in a periodic structure. A sample of a crystalline material can be either a single crystal, if the periodic structure is unbroken throughout, or polycrystalline, if it consists of sever ...
... In a crystalline material, a unit cell consisting of one or several atoms is repeated in all directions, resulting in a periodic structure. A sample of a crystalline material can be either a single crystal, if the periodic structure is unbroken throughout, or polycrystalline, if it consists of sever ...
Quadratic solitons: recent developments
... Quadratic solitons form by the mutual trapping and locking of multiple-frequency waves. The simplest case corresponds to the process of SHG or optical parametric generation (OPG), where a fundamental frequency wave and its second-harmonic generate ...
... Quadratic solitons form by the mutual trapping and locking of multiple-frequency waves. The simplest case corresponds to the process of SHG or optical parametric generation (OPG), where a fundamental frequency wave and its second-harmonic generate ...
Three-Dimensional Nanostructures for Photonics - KIT
... of holographically fabricated samples with high-dielectric-constant materials,[7,25] none of them demonstrated a full photonic bandgap to the best of our knowledge. This is most likely due to some inherent topological problems hampering a complete infiltration in gas-phase-based techniques.[26,27] I ...
... of holographically fabricated samples with high-dielectric-constant materials,[7,25] none of them demonstrated a full photonic bandgap to the best of our knowledge. This is most likely due to some inherent topological problems hampering a complete infiltration in gas-phase-based techniques.[26,27] I ...
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY Edouard Berrocal MULTIPLE
... ability of the technique to simulate various detection conditions, to differentiate scattering orders and to generate real images of light intensity distributions with high spatial resolution is demonstrated. The model is used for the real case of planar Mie imaging through a typical hollow cone wat ...
... ability of the technique to simulate various detection conditions, to differentiate scattering orders and to generate real images of light intensity distributions with high spatial resolution is demonstrated. The model is used for the real case of planar Mie imaging through a typical hollow cone wat ...
Acoustical properties of air-saturated porous material with
... porosity. In Sec. III, the low frequency limit of the model is investigated when the distance between neighboring deadend pores is small compared to the wavelength of sound in the main pore. Simple expressions for the dynamic density and compressibility are derived. The limitations of the model are ...
... porosity. In Sec. III, the low frequency limit of the model is investigated when the distance between neighboring deadend pores is small compared to the wavelength of sound in the main pore. Simple expressions for the dynamic density and compressibility are derived. The limitations of the model are ...
Introduction to Neutron Scattering
... To work out how neutrons are scattered by matter, we need to add up the scattering from each individual nucleus. The result of this lengthy quantum mechanical calculation is quite simple to explain and understand, even if the details are abstruse. When neutrons are scattered by matter, the process c ...
... To work out how neutrons are scattered by matter, we need to add up the scattering from each individual nucleus. The result of this lengthy quantum mechanical calculation is quite simple to explain and understand, even if the details are abstruse. When neutrons are scattered by matter, the process c ...
Neutron Scattering—A Non-destructive Microscope for Seeing
... How can we determine the relative positions and motions of atoms in a bulk sample of solid or liquid? Somehow we need to be able to see inside the sample with a suitable magnifying glass. It turns out that neutrons provide us with this capability. They have no charge, and their electric dipole momen ...
... How can we determine the relative positions and motions of atoms in a bulk sample of solid or liquid? Somehow we need to be able to see inside the sample with a suitable magnifying glass. It turns out that neutrons provide us with this capability. They have no charge, and their electric dipole momen ...
Light Scattering by Fractal Aggregates: A Review
... cluster aggregates (DLCA) with fractal dimensions of D ’ 1:75, which occur frequently in aerosols and colloids, but other types of aggregates are discussed as well. The results of the review are quite general. A scaling description of the scattering of waves forms the basis of our understanding. Thi ...
... cluster aggregates (DLCA) with fractal dimensions of D ’ 1:75, which occur frequently in aerosols and colloids, but other types of aggregates are discussed as well. The results of the review are quite general. A scaling description of the scattering of waves forms the basis of our understanding. Thi ...
N - Széchenyi István Egyetem
... Nonlinear effects in fibers Gordon-Haus jitter: a timing jitter originating from fluctuations of the center frequency of the (soliton) ...
... Nonlinear effects in fibers Gordon-Haus jitter: a timing jitter originating from fluctuations of the center frequency of the (soliton) ...
Two Novel Bi-Based Borate Photocatalysts: Crystal Structure
... raw materials of Bi2O3 and H3BO3 were mixed in stoichiometric proportions and then gradually elevated to sintering temperatures of 600 °C and kept at this temperature in air for 10 h. The calcination procedure was repeated another three times after grinding to ensure a complete reaction. Bi2O2[BO2(O ...
... raw materials of Bi2O3 and H3BO3 were mixed in stoichiometric proportions and then gradually elevated to sintering temperatures of 600 °C and kept at this temperature in air for 10 h. The calcination procedure was repeated another three times after grinding to ensure a complete reaction. Bi2O2[BO2(O ...
structural and luminescence properties of magnesium strontium
... A series o f samples based on xM gO-(50-x)SrO-50P2Os (with 0 < x < 5 0 mol %) were prepared using solid state reaction method and sintered at 900°C. The crystalline phase o f powder samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) while the assignments o f the vibration modes were determined ...
... A series o f samples based on xM gO-(50-x)SrO-50P2Os (with 0 < x < 5 0 mol %) were prepared using solid state reaction method and sintered at 900°C. The crystalline phase o f powder samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) while the assignments o f the vibration modes were determined ...
Recent Trends in Optical Lithography
... By 1996, when it became apparent that 193-nm lithography would indeed become the next technology, we started studying the feasibility of 157-nm lithography, the wavelength of fluorine (F2) excimer lasers [5]. (Although the actual wavelength used is 157.6 nm, the lithography community shortens this v ...
... By 1996, when it became apparent that 193-nm lithography would indeed become the next technology, we started studying the feasibility of 157-nm lithography, the wavelength of fluorine (F2) excimer lasers [5]. (Although the actual wavelength used is 157.6 nm, the lithography community shortens this v ...
Terahertz Technology
... driving the capacitance of the rings to zero and damping their normal resonant response. But when a negative voltage is applied to the metal structures, the electrons in the substrate beneath are repelled away from the gap. As electrons become depleted in the gap, current can no longer flow effectiv ...
... driving the capacitance of the rings to zero and damping their normal resonant response. But when a negative voltage is applied to the metal structures, the electrons in the substrate beneath are repelled away from the gap. As electrons become depleted in the gap, current can no longer flow effectiv ...
Thermal Infrared Reflective Metal Oxide Sol
... Figure 6.3.2. Reflectance of ATO sol-gel coatings with varying Co2O3 doping concentrations ...............................................................................................85 Figure 6.3.3. Reflectance of ATO(x%Co2O3) sol-gel coatings with varying Co2O3 doping concentrations at an 80° ...
... Figure 6.3.2. Reflectance of ATO sol-gel coatings with varying Co2O3 doping concentrations ...............................................................................................85 Figure 6.3.3. Reflectance of ATO(x%Co2O3) sol-gel coatings with varying Co2O3 doping concentrations at an 80° ...
182.pdf
... implication that this singularity is only due to the periodic nature of the crystal. These high energy responses were analyzed for photonic crystals made using two important methods of fabrication from self-assembly, for crystals made of colloids of different diameters and for crystals having differ ...
... implication that this singularity is only due to the periodic nature of the crystal. These high energy responses were analyzed for photonic crystals made using two important methods of fabrication from self-assembly, for crystals made of colloids of different diameters and for crystals having differ ...
Magnetoplasmonics and Femtosecond Optomagnetism at the
... electromagnetic wave inside the dielectric, given by k 0 ε2 , is smaller than the SPP wavenumber at the metal/dielectric interface by a factor ε1/(ε1 + ε2) > 1. It prevents a direct coupling of light to the SPP mode. That is why some special experimental arrangements have been designed for a success ...
... electromagnetic wave inside the dielectric, given by k 0 ε2 , is smaller than the SPP wavenumber at the metal/dielectric interface by a factor ε1/(ε1 + ε2) > 1. It prevents a direct coupling of light to the SPP mode. That is why some special experimental arrangements have been designed for a success ...
Metrology of integrated waveguide devices and systems
... and radiation modes generated by the mode mismatch result in a beat signal seen in the decaying optical intensity on the surface above the detector seen in Fig. 5(f). ...
... and radiation modes generated by the mode mismatch result in a beat signal seen in the decaying optical intensity on the surface above the detector seen in Fig. 5(f). ...
Transparency and translucency
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without being scattered. On a macroscopic scale (one where the dimensions investigated are much, much larger than the wavelength of the photons in question), the photons can be said to follow Snell's Law. Translucency (also called translucence or translucidity) is a super-set of transparency: it allows light to pass through, but does not necessarily (again, on the macroscopic scale) follow Snell's law; the photons can be scattered at either of the two interfaces where there is a change in index of refraction, or internally. In other words, a translucent medium allows the transport of light while a transparent medium not only allows the transport of light but allows for image formation. The opposite property of translucency is opacity. Transparent materials appear clear, with the overall appearance of one color, or any combination leading up to a brilliant spectrum of every color.When light encounters a material, it can interact with it in several different ways. These interactions depend on the wavelength of the light and the nature of the material. Photons interact with an object by some combination of reflection, absorption and transmission.Some materials, such as plate glass and clean water, transmit much of the light that falls on them and reflect little of it; such materials are called optically transparent. Many liquids and aqueous solutions are highly transparent. Absence of structural defects (voids, cracks, etc.) and molecular structure of most liquids are mostly responsible for excellent optical transmission.Materials which do not transmit light are called opaque. Many such substances have a chemical composition which includes what are referred to as absorption centers. Many substances are selective in their absorption of white light frequencies. They absorb certain portions of the visible spectrum while reflecting others. The frequencies of the spectrum which are not absorbed are either reflected back or transmitted for our physical observation. This is what gives rise to color. The attenuation of light of all frequencies and wavelengths is due to the combined mechanisms of absorption and scattering.Transparency can provide almost perfect camouflage for animals able to achieve it. This is easier in dimly-lit or turbid seawater than in good illumination. Many marine animals such as jellyfish are highly transparent.