A generalized stoichiometric model of C3, C2, C2
... The goal of suppressing photorespiration in crops to maximize assimilation and yield is stimulating considerable interest among researchers looking to bioengineer carbon-concentrating mechanisms into C3 plants. However, detailed quantification of the biochemical activities in the bundle sheath is la ...
... The goal of suppressing photorespiration in crops to maximize assimilation and yield is stimulating considerable interest among researchers looking to bioengineer carbon-concentrating mechanisms into C3 plants. However, detailed quantification of the biochemical activities in the bundle sheath is la ...
A re-evaluation of the ATP :NADPH budget
... For N assimilation and its associated respiratory activity, several metabolic alternatives must be considered ( Krömer, 1995). These are indicated on Fig. 1 by numbers, and are described in the legend. It is likely that these alternative pathways are simultaneously active, to some degree, under in ...
... For N assimilation and its associated respiratory activity, several metabolic alternatives must be considered ( Krömer, 1995). These are indicated on Fig. 1 by numbers, and are described in the legend. It is likely that these alternative pathways are simultaneously active, to some degree, under in ...
In Vitro Metabolism of Haloperidol and Sila-Haloperidol
... a hydrogen bond donor within the pharmacophore because a silanol is a better hydrogen bond donor than the corresponding carbinol (Bains and Tacke, 2003; Showell and Mills, 2003; Mills and Showell, 2004; Pooni and Showell, 2006). Silicon switches of marketed drugs have recently been reviewed (Pooni a ...
... a hydrogen bond donor within the pharmacophore because a silanol is a better hydrogen bond donor than the corresponding carbinol (Bains and Tacke, 2003; Showell and Mills, 2003; Mills and Showell, 2004; Pooni and Showell, 2006). Silicon switches of marketed drugs have recently been reviewed (Pooni a ...
The metabolism of photosynthetically fixed
... Table 1). Trench et al. (1973a) obtained a value of 2% for release of fixed I4C by chloroplasts of C fragile, but their experiments were carried out under slightly different conditions, and the chloroplasts were exposed to NaH14C03 for 1 h. Table 1 also shows that during the first 2 h of the chase p ...
... Table 1). Trench et al. (1973a) obtained a value of 2% for release of fixed I4C by chloroplasts of C fragile, but their experiments were carried out under slightly different conditions, and the chloroplasts were exposed to NaH14C03 for 1 h. Table 1 also shows that during the first 2 h of the chase p ...
Ox bile, dried
... Ox bile is prepared by concentration, purification and spray drying of fresh bile. Ox bile is a complex mixture of bile free and conjugated bile salts. The bile salts in fresh bile are mainly totally conjugated as peptides formed from bile acid, glycine or taurine. The selective activity of fully co ...
... Ox bile is prepared by concentration, purification and spray drying of fresh bile. Ox bile is a complex mixture of bile free and conjugated bile salts. The bile salts in fresh bile are mainly totally conjugated as peptides formed from bile acid, glycine or taurine. The selective activity of fully co ...
Enzymes - Weber State University
... from binding. It therefore reduces the number of ES complexes that may form, slowing the reaction velocity. Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. Noncompetitive Inhibition: An inhibitor molecule binds to a different site other than the active site, decreasing ...
... from binding. It therefore reduces the number of ES complexes that may form, slowing the reaction velocity. Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. Noncompetitive Inhibition: An inhibitor molecule binds to a different site other than the active site, decreasing ...
Enzymes
... from binding. It therefore reduces the number of ES complexes that may form, slowing the reaction velocity. Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. Noncompetitive Inhibition: An inhibitor molecule binds to a different site other than the active site, decreasing ...
... from binding. It therefore reduces the number of ES complexes that may form, slowing the reaction velocity. Competitive inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration. Noncompetitive Inhibition: An inhibitor molecule binds to a different site other than the active site, decreasing ...
Chapter 2 - Carbon dioxide assimilation and respiration
... In retrospect, a very observant reader of the plant biological literature of the early 1960s should have noticed that a small group of grass species, including plants like maize, had a set of very unusual but correlated properties, related in one way or another to the process of photosynthesis, tha ...
... In retrospect, a very observant reader of the plant biological literature of the early 1960s should have noticed that a small group of grass species, including plants like maize, had a set of very unusual but correlated properties, related in one way or another to the process of photosynthesis, tha ...
Adaptations of anaerobic archaea to life under extreme energy
... reactions (Eqns 2–7) in living cells that are more exergonic and used to drive the phosphorylation of ADP (Thauer et al., 1977; Teague & Dobson, 1999): Acetate kinase: ...
... reactions (Eqns 2–7) in living cells that are more exergonic and used to drive the phosphorylation of ADP (Thauer et al., 1977; Teague & Dobson, 1999): Acetate kinase: ...
Correlation between the respiration-driven Na+ pump
... Optimal conditions for the assay of AIB uptake were examined using Halovibrio variabilis (DSM 305 lT). In the presence of 1-0M-NaCl, AIB uptake increased linearly with incubation time at least for 5 min. Therefore the reaction was terminated at 3min to measure the initial velocity of AIB uptake. As ...
... Optimal conditions for the assay of AIB uptake were examined using Halovibrio variabilis (DSM 305 lT). In the presence of 1-0M-NaCl, AIB uptake increased linearly with incubation time at least for 5 min. Therefore the reaction was terminated at 3min to measure the initial velocity of AIB uptake. As ...
metabolism - Garland Science
... Compartmentation of the plant cell into discrete organelles with distinct sets of internal conditions increases the potential for metabolic flexibility and diversity. First, it allows metabolic reactions requiring very different conditions to occur simultaneously in the same cell. Second, it allows ...
... Compartmentation of the plant cell into discrete organelles with distinct sets of internal conditions increases the potential for metabolic flexibility and diversity. First, it allows metabolic reactions requiring very different conditions to occur simultaneously in the same cell. Second, it allows ...
Proton NMR Determination of Mg2+ and Ca2+ Concentrations
... possible. More noticeably, solvent water molecules can also coordinate with a metal ion in the complex.(1-3) EDTA is quite commonly used in analytical chemistry because it is the popular titrant to determine metal ion concentrations. EDTA has six key pKa values: pKa1=0, pKa2=1.2, pKa3=2, pKa4=2.66, ...
... possible. More noticeably, solvent water molecules can also coordinate with a metal ion in the complex.(1-3) EDTA is quite commonly used in analytical chemistry because it is the popular titrant to determine metal ion concentrations. EDTA has six key pKa values: pKa1=0, pKa2=1.2, pKa3=2, pKa4=2.66, ...
SUC1 and SUC2: two sucrose transporters from Arabidopsis
... cerevisiae (Sauer et aL, 1990b; Sauer and Stadler, 1993). Riesmeier et aL (1992) reported the complementation cloning in bakers yeast of the pS21 sucrose transporter from spinach, an energy-dependent, active transporter of the plasmalemma. The pS21 protein has a molecular mass of 55 kDa and 12 putat ...
... cerevisiae (Sauer et aL, 1990b; Sauer and Stadler, 1993). Riesmeier et aL (1992) reported the complementation cloning in bakers yeast of the pS21 sucrose transporter from spinach, an energy-dependent, active transporter of the plasmalemma. The pS21 protein has a molecular mass of 55 kDa and 12 putat ...
Role of Na and K in Enzyme Function
... that such a large complement of genes is involved, mostly transiently, in response to high ionic strength or osmolarity. High levels of NaCl affect plants through osmotic effects in addition to intracellular accumulation of Na⫹. Cellular uptake of essential ions such as K⫹ and Ca2⫹ is also inhibited ...
... that such a large complement of genes is involved, mostly transiently, in response to high ionic strength or osmolarity. High levels of NaCl affect plants through osmotic effects in addition to intracellular accumulation of Na⫹. Cellular uptake of essential ions such as K⫹ and Ca2⫹ is also inhibited ...
metabolic pathways - MPG Systems Biology Forum
... indeed realized in Clusia minor (Borland et al, 1994). • Interestingly, (almost) pure elementary modes are realized here, although this should reduce robustness S. Schuster, D.A. Fell: Modelling and simulating metabolic networks. In: Bioinformatics: From Genomes to Therapies (T. Lengauer, ed.) Wiley ...
... indeed realized in Clusia minor (Borland et al, 1994). • Interestingly, (almost) pure elementary modes are realized here, although this should reduce robustness S. Schuster, D.A. Fell: Modelling and simulating metabolic networks. In: Bioinformatics: From Genomes to Therapies (T. Lengauer, ed.) Wiley ...
Preparation and cooling of magnesium ion crystals for
... Throughout the last decades, numerous experiments were performed addressing effects predicted by QED. Notably, the 1S–2S transition frequency in atomic hydrogen has been determined with a relative accuracy of 10−14 , which allows to determine one-loop contributions of QED to the Lamb shift with an a ...
... Throughout the last decades, numerous experiments were performed addressing effects predicted by QED. Notably, the 1S–2S transition frequency in atomic hydrogen has been determined with a relative accuracy of 10−14 , which allows to determine one-loop contributions of QED to the Lamb shift with an a ...
Cellular Respiration - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Glucose is a high-energy molecule, and its breakdown products, CO2 and H2O, are low-energy molecules. Therefore, as the equation shows, energy is released. This is the energy that will be used to produce ATP molecules. The cell carries out cellular respiration in order to build up ATP molecules. The ...
... Glucose is a high-energy molecule, and its breakdown products, CO2 and H2O, are low-energy molecules. Therefore, as the equation shows, energy is released. This is the energy that will be used to produce ATP molecules. The cell carries out cellular respiration in order to build up ATP molecules. The ...
Small Glycosylated Lignin Oligomers Are Stored in
... followed by the generation of separate phenolic profiles from the medium and the protoplast fractions. Our first feeding experiments of Arabidopsis leaf protoplast cultures with coniferyl alcohol resulted in the accumulation of dilignols both in the medium and in the protoplasts separated from the med ...
... followed by the generation of separate phenolic profiles from the medium and the protoplast fractions. Our first feeding experiments of Arabidopsis leaf protoplast cultures with coniferyl alcohol resulted in the accumulation of dilignols both in the medium and in the protoplasts separated from the med ...
Enzyme Mechanisms
... Subtilisin: externals very different from mammalian serine proteases; triad same ...
... Subtilisin: externals very different from mammalian serine proteases; triad same ...
The Regulation of Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthesis in Chloroplasts
... both green and etiolated pea seedlings. A ll plastid preparations were shown to be capable of synthesizing acetyl-CoA, not only via acetyl-CoA synthetase, but also via the pyruvate dehydroge nase complex, though, with different activities. Both pathways are apparently under metabolic control. Thus, ...
... both green and etiolated pea seedlings. A ll plastid preparations were shown to be capable of synthesizing acetyl-CoA, not only via acetyl-CoA synthetase, but also via the pyruvate dehydroge nase complex, though, with different activities. Both pathways are apparently under metabolic control. Thus, ...
ATP
... The addition of each phosphate molecule requires 30.6 kJ of energy. If less than this, energy cannot be stored as ATP but lost as heat. ATP is a means of transferring free energy from energy-rich compounds to cellular reactions requiring it. It is by far the most abundant and the most important ener ...
... The addition of each phosphate molecule requires 30.6 kJ of energy. If less than this, energy cannot be stored as ATP but lost as heat. ATP is a means of transferring free energy from energy-rich compounds to cellular reactions requiring it. It is by far the most abundant and the most important ener ...
The Regulation of Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthesis in Chloroplasts
... both green and etiolated pea seedlings. A ll plastid preparations were shown to be capable of synthesizing acetyl-CoA, not only via acetyl-CoA synthetase, but also via the pyruvate dehydroge nase complex, though, with different activities. Both pathways are apparently under metabolic control. Thus, ...
... both green and etiolated pea seedlings. A ll plastid preparations were shown to be capable of synthesizing acetyl-CoA, not only via acetyl-CoA synthetase, but also via the pyruvate dehydroge nase complex, though, with different activities. Both pathways are apparently under metabolic control. Thus, ...
Product Data Sheet Your assurance of quality®
... Creatine plays a vital role in energy production by recycling ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in muscles. ATP is the body’s major molecule that produces “explosive” chemical energy within cells and is also known as “molecular currency.” Approximately 95% of the total body pool of creatine is found in m ...
... Creatine plays a vital role in energy production by recycling ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in muscles. ATP is the body’s major molecule that produces “explosive” chemical energy within cells and is also known as “molecular currency.” Approximately 95% of the total body pool of creatine is found in m ...
Enzyme - MACscience
... reactions. Enzymes are not consumed during the biological reaction. The compound on which an enzyme acts is the substrate. Enzymes can break a single structure into smaller components or join two or more substrate molecules together. Most enzymes are proteins. Many fruits contain enzymes that are us ...
... reactions. Enzymes are not consumed during the biological reaction. The compound on which an enzyme acts is the substrate. Enzymes can break a single structure into smaller components or join two or more substrate molecules together. Most enzymes are proteins. Many fruits contain enzymes that are us ...
Magnesium in biology
Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion. It is an essential mineral nutrient (i.e., element) for life and is present in every cell type in every organism. For example, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main source of energy in cells, must be bound to a magnesium ion in order to be biologically active. What is called ATP is often actually Mg-ATP. As such, magnesium plays a role in the stability of all polyphosphate compounds in the cells, including those associated with the synthesis of DNA and RNA.Over 300 enzymes require the presence of magnesium ions for their catalytic action, including all enzymes utilizing or synthesizing ATP, or those that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA.In plants, magnesium is necessary for synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthesis.