Enzymes - دانشکده پزشکی
... -Potent (high catalytic power) High reaction rates They increase the rate of reaction by a factor of 103-1012 -Efficient (high efficiency) catalytic efficiency is represented by Turnover number: moles of substrate converted to product per second per mole of the active site of the enzyme ...
... -Potent (high catalytic power) High reaction rates They increase the rate of reaction by a factor of 103-1012 -Efficient (high efficiency) catalytic efficiency is represented by Turnover number: moles of substrate converted to product per second per mole of the active site of the enzyme ...
Cloning and functional characterization of a new subtype of the
... 33). Skeletal muscle expresses a subtype of system N, called Nm, which shows significantly weaker Li⫹ tolerance and pH sensitivity than the hepatic system N (1, 13). Two different types of system N have been described in the brain (21, 33). The system present in astrocytes is similar to the hepatic ...
... 33). Skeletal muscle expresses a subtype of system N, called Nm, which shows significantly weaker Li⫹ tolerance and pH sensitivity than the hepatic system N (1, 13). Two different types of system N have been described in the brain (21, 33). The system present in astrocytes is similar to the hepatic ...
A new simple fluorimetric method to assay cytosolic ATP content
... seedlings (Petrussa et al. 2001; Chiandussi et al. 2002; Casolo et al. 2003; Petrussa et al. 2004), soybean cell cultures (Casolo et al. 2005), embryogenic cultures of Picea abies (L.) Karst., Abies cephalonica Loud (Petrussa et al. 2008a), Abies alba Mill. (Petrussa et al. 2009), and Arum spadix an ...
... seedlings (Petrussa et al. 2001; Chiandussi et al. 2002; Casolo et al. 2003; Petrussa et al. 2004), soybean cell cultures (Casolo et al. 2005), embryogenic cultures of Picea abies (L.) Karst., Abies cephalonica Loud (Petrussa et al. 2008a), Abies alba Mill. (Petrussa et al. 2009), and Arum spadix an ...
October 24 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... 5. During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place? A) glycolysis B) the citric acid cycle C) "grooming" of pyruvate ...
... 5. During which of the following phases of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation take place? A) glycolysis B) the citric acid cycle C) "grooming" of pyruvate ...
enzymes in poultry nutrition - Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
... problems due to reduced output of excreta. In addition, this review demonstrates that enzymes are a very useful tool in the study of physiological and metabolic mechanisms. Such studies will enhance our understanding regarding the role of dietary enzymes in poultry nutrition. The information present ...
... problems due to reduced output of excreta. In addition, this review demonstrates that enzymes are a very useful tool in the study of physiological and metabolic mechanisms. Such studies will enhance our understanding regarding the role of dietary enzymes in poultry nutrition. The information present ...
An investigation into salbutamol sulphate ion pair interactions and
... A resolution of 4 cm-1 was employed for the scans captured over the 550 – 4000 cm-1 range. Test solutions of salbutamol base & salbutamol in the presence of sulphate were prepared in deuterated water & deuterated methanol (80:20) at pH 6.5. ...
... A resolution of 4 cm-1 was employed for the scans captured over the 550 – 4000 cm-1 range. Test solutions of salbutamol base & salbutamol in the presence of sulphate were prepared in deuterated water & deuterated methanol (80:20) at pH 6.5. ...
Adenosine triphosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
... Main articles: Citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation In the mitochondrion, pyruvate is oxidized by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to acetyl CoA, which is fully oxidized to carbon dioxide by the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs Cycle). Every "turn" of the citric acid cycle pro ...
... Main articles: Citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation In the mitochondrion, pyruvate is oxidized by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to acetyl CoA, which is fully oxidized to carbon dioxide by the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs Cycle). Every "turn" of the citric acid cycle pro ...
Enzymes:The Catalysts of Life I
... For most biologically important reactions at normal cellular temperatures, the activation energy is sufficiently high that the proportion of molecules possessing that much energy at any instant is extremely small. Accordingly, the rates of uncatalyzed reactions in cells are very low, and most molecu ...
... For most biologically important reactions at normal cellular temperatures, the activation energy is sufficiently high that the proportion of molecules possessing that much energy at any instant is extremely small. Accordingly, the rates of uncatalyzed reactions in cells are very low, and most molecu ...
Time-resolved measurements on a single molecular target and
... such as the accompanying phase transition between structures of different dimensionality, have been investigated in detail experimentally and in theory, for example transitions between a linear chain and a zig-zag configuration. These structures are in the center of numerous applications such as qua ...
... such as the accompanying phase transition between structures of different dimensionality, have been investigated in detail experimentally and in theory, for example transitions between a linear chain and a zig-zag configuration. These structures are in the center of numerous applications such as qua ...
What is an enzyme? Func
... reac9on has no room to proceed to the transi9on state of the reac9on. To go to comple9on, a reac9on must go through the transi9on state. In the lock and key theory, the substrate or the enzyme ...
... reac9on has no room to proceed to the transi9on state of the reac9on. To go to comple9on, a reac9on must go through the transi9on state. In the lock and key theory, the substrate or the enzyme ...
Microsoft Word
... Measurement of respiration and ATP synthesis/hydrolysis activities in whole mitochondria. For these assays, mitochondria were prepared by the enzymatic method of (Guerin et al., 1979). The rates of ATP synthesis were determined as described in (Rak et al., 2007a). For respiration ATP synthesis and t ...
... Measurement of respiration and ATP synthesis/hydrolysis activities in whole mitochondria. For these assays, mitochondria were prepared by the enzymatic method of (Guerin et al., 1979). The rates of ATP synthesis were determined as described in (Rak et al., 2007a). For respiration ATP synthesis and t ...
SODIUM-COUPLED TRANSPORTERS FOR KREBS CYCLE
... (7, 19, 75). Therefore the preferred substrates of the transporter appear to be divalent anions, which suggests that the affinity for protonated citrate is very high. As an example, in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles the apparent Km for total citrate was calculated as 0.4 mM, but when th ...
... (7, 19, 75). Therefore the preferred substrates of the transporter appear to be divalent anions, which suggests that the affinity for protonated citrate is very high. As an example, in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles the apparent Km for total citrate was calculated as 0.4 mM, but when th ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C الكولسترول المرتبط بأغشية الخاليا الحيوانية ...
... C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C الكولسترول المرتبط بأغشية الخاليا الحيوانية ...
Structural and mechanistic studies of enolase George H Reed
... Some of the several acidic and basic residues that line the active site are highlighted in the view of the Mg2+-enolase complex shown in Figure 4 [15]. An earlier structure of the substrate/product complex was obtained by soaking substrate into crystals of Mg2+-enolase at p H 6 in 3M(NH4)zSO4 [16]. ...
... Some of the several acidic and basic residues that line the active site are highlighted in the view of the Mg2+-enolase complex shown in Figure 4 [15]. An earlier structure of the substrate/product complex was obtained by soaking substrate into crystals of Mg2+-enolase at p H 6 in 3M(NH4)zSO4 [16]. ...
Pulsing of Membrane Potential in Individual
... centrifugation onto a cover slip. We therefore tested whether membrane potential pulsing could be observed in isolated mitochondria. Freshly isolated, well-coupled Arabidopsis mitochondria were provided with succinate as respiratory substrate and 100 nM TMRM and imaged by CLSM. Under these condition ...
... centrifugation onto a cover slip. We therefore tested whether membrane potential pulsing could be observed in isolated mitochondria. Freshly isolated, well-coupled Arabidopsis mitochondria were provided with succinate as respiratory substrate and 100 nM TMRM and imaged by CLSM. Under these condition ...
Disorders of Acid
... role of bone buffers is even higher in chronic acid-base disorders. One consequence of bone buffering is the release of calcium from bone and increased renal excretion of calcium. In addition to causing demineralization of bone, it also predisposes to kidney stones. ...
... role of bone buffers is even higher in chronic acid-base disorders. One consequence of bone buffering is the release of calcium from bone and increased renal excretion of calcium. In addition to causing demineralization of bone, it also predisposes to kidney stones. ...
Review: Nutrient loading of developing seeds
... processes. In contrast, variation in import rates of minor osmotic species relies solely on their phloem sap concentrations. This is determined by rates of phloem loading in source leaves and along the transport path. Unloading of minor osmotic species in seed sinks will have little influence on dep ...
... processes. In contrast, variation in import rates of minor osmotic species relies solely on their phloem sap concentrations. This is determined by rates of phloem loading in source leaves and along the transport path. Unloading of minor osmotic species in seed sinks will have little influence on dep ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... and anabolic pathways are closely intertwined. CAUTION If you understand this relationship, you should be able to explain why many different molecules—including lipids, amino acids, and CO2-end up as radiolabeled when cells are fed glucose with radioactive carbons (14C). Metabolism comprises thousa ...
... and anabolic pathways are closely intertwined. CAUTION If you understand this relationship, you should be able to explain why many different molecules—including lipids, amino acids, and CO2-end up as radiolabeled when cells are fed glucose with radioactive carbons (14C). Metabolism comprises thousa ...
University of Groningen Transport processes in penicillin
... strain NRRL 1951 was selected as a source of more productive sub-strains. Shortly after the introduction of submerged fermentation, it was discovered that addition of phenylacetic acid to the medium resulted in the sole production of penicillin G. An extensive search for other precursors revealed ph ...
... strain NRRL 1951 was selected as a source of more productive sub-strains. Shortly after the introduction of submerged fermentation, it was discovered that addition of phenylacetic acid to the medium resulted in the sole production of penicillin G. An extensive search for other precursors revealed ph ...
Bioaccumulation of Polar and Ionizable Compounds in Plants
... “Electrolytes” is a common term for compounds with electrical charge. Common synonyms are “ionic compounds,” “ionizable compounds,” “dissociable compounds,” “dissociating compounds,” “electrolytic compounds,” and “charged compounds.” Electrolytes may be acids (valency 1; 2, etc.), bases (valency C ...
... “Electrolytes” is a common term for compounds with electrical charge. Common synonyms are “ionic compounds,” “ionizable compounds,” “dissociable compounds,” “dissociating compounds,” “electrolytic compounds,” and “charged compounds.” Electrolytes may be acids (valency 1; 2, etc.), bases (valency C ...
Chapter 2 Immobilization of Enzymes
... catalyzed are a number of very complex chemical transformations between biological macromolecules, which are not accessible to ordinary methods of organic chemistry. This makes them very interesting for biotechnological use. At the beginning of the twentieth century, enzymes were shown to be respons ...
... catalyzed are a number of very complex chemical transformations between biological macromolecules, which are not accessible to ordinary methods of organic chemistry. This makes them very interesting for biotechnological use. At the beginning of the twentieth century, enzymes were shown to be respons ...
Mitochondria - Physical Mathematics
... Comparisons of DNA sequences indicate that the energy-converting organelles in present-day eukaryotes originated from prokaryotic cells that were endocytosed during the evolution of eukaryotes (discussed in Chapter 1). This explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA, which stil ...
... Comparisons of DNA sequences indicate that the energy-converting organelles in present-day eukaryotes originated from prokaryotic cells that were endocytosed during the evolution of eukaryotes (discussed in Chapter 1). This explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA, which stil ...
Transport proteins regulate the flux of metabolites and cofactors
... Peroxisomal channels allow free diffusion of small compounds with molecular masses less than 300 kDa, as it known for the outer membrane from mitochondria and plastids (Antonenkov and ...
... Peroxisomal channels allow free diffusion of small compounds with molecular masses less than 300 kDa, as it known for the outer membrane from mitochondria and plastids (Antonenkov and ...
Magnesium in biology
Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion. It is an essential mineral nutrient (i.e., element) for life and is present in every cell type in every organism. For example, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main source of energy in cells, must be bound to a magnesium ion in order to be biologically active. What is called ATP is often actually Mg-ATP. As such, magnesium plays a role in the stability of all polyphosphate compounds in the cells, including those associated with the synthesis of DNA and RNA.Over 300 enzymes require the presence of magnesium ions for their catalytic action, including all enzymes utilizing or synthesizing ATP, or those that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA.In plants, magnesium is necessary for synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthesis.