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The Mole
The Mole

... • Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles. • If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles. • If we were able to count ato ...
Student Ch 9 The Mole
Student Ch 9 The Mole

... • Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles. • If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles. • If we were able to count ato ...
The Mole - BROCHEM
The Mole - BROCHEM

... • Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles. • If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles. • If we were able to count ato ...
The Mole
The Mole

... • Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles. • If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles. • If we were able to count ato ...
The Mole
The Mole

... • Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles. • If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles. • If we were able to count ato ...
The Mole
The Mole

... • Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles. • If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles. • If we were able to count ato ...
(null): Intro to the Mole
(null): Intro to the Mole

... • Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles. • If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles. • If we were able to count ...
Fundamental Particles
Fundamental Particles

... quarks. All quarks have mass, and they have an electric charge of either +2/3 or -1/3. For example, up quarks have a charge of +2/3, and down quarks have a charge of -1/3. Quarks also have a different type of charge, called color charge, although it has nothing to do with the colors that we see. Qua ...
Macroscopic system: Microscopic system:
Macroscopic system: Microscopic system:

... depending on the energy it possess. If it possesses least possible energy, it will be in the lowest K shell. If it absorbs energy it can be in any one of the outer shells L, M, N, etc, depending on the energy it gains form external agency. At any point of time we can not exactly predict the shell in ...
Entanglement of Indistinguishable Particles Shared between Two
Entanglement of Indistinguishable Particles Shared between Two

... The least-correlated state is a state of the form |1i|1i, with one fermion in each of two modes. This state has an entropy of 1, but a QC of 0 according to PY. Thus one has the curious situation that the “same” state, such as |1i|1i would be considered quantum correlated for bosons but uncorrelated ...
The Mole - Prairie Science
The Mole - Prairie Science

... • Enough soft drink cans to cover the surface of the earth to a depth of over 200 miles. • If you had Avogadro's number of unpopped popcorn kernels, and spread them across the United States of America, the country would be covered in popcorn to a depth of over 9 miles. • If we were able to count ato ...
Energy, Work, and Power
Energy, Work, and Power

... 21. Frank, a San Francisco hot dog vender, has fallen asleep on the job. When an earthquake strikes, his 300-kg hot-dog cart rolls down a hill and then up another. When the cart reaches the top of the hill at point A, its speed is 8.00 m/s. a) How fast is the hot-dog cart going when it goes up the ...
Statistics of Occupation Numbers
Statistics of Occupation Numbers

... which for an ideal quantum fluid reduces to a summation over the contributions made by each orbital. The statistics of quantum systems are intimately related to the intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of their constituents. Systems composed of identical particles with integer spin, generically classif ...
The Mole
The Mole

... • The molecular formula of a compound is either the same as its experimentally determined empirical formula, or it is a simple whole – number multiple of it • First determine the empirical formula • Second, divide the molar mass by the empirical formula mass (efm) to obtain a whole number • Third, m ...
Lecture 23. Statistics of Ideal Quantum Systems
Lecture 23. Statistics of Ideal Quantum Systems

... Z  1  exp     i   1  exp     1  exp     2  exp     3  i ...
Gel Electrophoresis by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman
Gel Electrophoresis by Dr. Ty C.M. Hoffman

Indistinguishable Particles in Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction
Indistinguishable Particles in Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction

... properties they embody) concerning the superposition, evolution and measurement of quantum states cover the essence of Quantum Mechanics, the theory that is at the basis of current fundamental Physics and gives us such an accurate description of Nature at the atomic scale. Yet, if the theory was onl ...
Factorization of quantum charge transport for non
Factorization of quantum charge transport for non

... If the dimension of the single-particle Hilbert space is finite (this is the case in the wave-packet formalism of Ref. 8), all the matrices in (5) are finite-dimensional, and no regularization is needed. If the single-particle Hilbert space has an infinite dimension, then a regularization may be nee ...
An overview of factors influencing the colloid/particle favoured
An overview of factors influencing the colloid/particle favoured

... content. Particles can be colloidal stable or suspended. The colloidal stability and transport behaviour of a particle is a complex function of the surface charge density, surface chemistry, water chemistry and flow velocity. These conditions change along the flow path in the unsaturated or saturate ...
The Mole - Montezuma Schools
The Mole - Montezuma Schools

... • This number is named in honor of Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856), who studied quantities of gases and discovered that no matter what the gas was, there were the same number of molecules present ...
Revisiting the concept of chemical potential in classical and
Revisiting the concept of chemical potential in classical and

... In this work we present a discussion on the concept of chemical potential from a perspective of ESM and how it emerges from physical considerations in both classical and quantum gases. Our main focus is to present to undergraduate and graduate students a self-contained review on the basic elements t ...
Einstein`s contributions to atomic physics
Einstein`s contributions to atomic physics

... the development by Thomas Young of the wave model. In contrast, Planck assumed that discrete resonators produced quanta of energy, but the electromagnetic waves so produced were considered to be continuously distributed over space. Following Planck’s nomenclature, Einstein used the words ‘Raumpunkte ...
Chapter 2 The Ideal Gas
Chapter 2 The Ideal Gas

... As an introduction to the methods of statistical mechanics we will investigate the properties of a simple but very important system; the ideal gas. The ideal gas is defined as a collection of identical particles in which the interparticle forces are negligible. It is a reasonably accurate model of a ...
Lecture Notes in Statistical Mechanics and Mesoscopics
Lecture Notes in Statistical Mechanics and Mesoscopics

... Using the above definition we can get results for the thermal occupation of an M site system. Since we assume that the biding energy is the same for all sites, it follows that estimating Z1 is essentially a combinatorial problem. We assume n  1 so we can approximate the derivative of ln(n!) as ln(n ...
Indistinguishable particles in quantum mechanics
Indistinguishable particles in quantum mechanics

... with quantized angular momentum. This quantization restricts the possible orbits to a discrete set, each corresponding to an energy level of the atom. This model was then improved during the following decade, mainly by Arnold Sommerfeld and Alfred Landé, rendering it more sophisticated, trying to m ...
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Bose–Einstein statistics

In quantum statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics (or more colloquially B–E statistics) is one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting indistinguishable particles may occupy a set of available discrete energy states, at thermodynamic equilibrium. The aggregation of particles in the same state, which is a characteristic of particles obeying Bose–Einstein statistics, accounts for the cohesive streaming of laser light and the frictionless creeping of superfluid helium. The theory of this behaviour was developed (1924–25) by Satyendra Nath Bose, who recognized that a collection of identical and indistinguishable particles can be distributed in this way. The idea was later adopted and extended by Albert Einstein in collaboration with Bose.The Bose–Einstein statistics apply only to those particles not limited to single occupancy of the same state—that is, particles that do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle restrictions. Such particles have integer values of spin and are named bosons, after the statistics that correctly describe their behaviour. There must also be no significant interaction between the particles.
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