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On the Auxiliary Status of Dare in Old English
On the Auxiliary Status of Dare in Old English

... all modals originated as preterite-presents. Verbs that belonged to the preteritepresent category which did not become modals “either dropped out of the language altogether or were assimilated to another more regular class of verbs” (Lightfoot 2009: 30). The confusion between the two categories is f ...
9. Word stress – Part 2: Primary stress
9. Word stress – Part 2: Primary stress

... extrametrical: tor.men(t). Thus we are left with men as the final syllable, which is heavy (it contains a short vowel plus a consonant), so it receives the primary stress: tormént. That is why final stress is usual in verbs ending with at least two consonants: eléct, seléct, arrést, adópt, lamént, e ...
8.0 Diagramming Adverb Clauses
8.0 Diagramming Adverb Clauses

... common subordinating conjunctions: although, as, because, if, until, when, whenever) Connect the two with a dotted line and the conjunction. Because all of these clauses are adverb clauses, the line should come off of the verb of the independent clause. (This is because the whole adverb clause is mo ...
lecture 1
lecture 1

... splinter «cast» formed by clipping the beginning of the verb «broadcast». This splinter was used to form the verbs «telecast» and «abroadcast». Splinters can be called pseudomorphemes because they are neither roots nor affixes, they are more or less artificial. In English there are words which consi ...
Using Verb Tense
Using Verb Tense

... Not only do verbs specify an action, but they also give information about when an action has taken place. Change verb tenses only when a change in time or ordering events. When you are writing about an idea, stay with the same tense. There are five main categories of verb tense. An understanding of ...
PowerPoint - Ms. Emily Mullins
PowerPoint - Ms. Emily Mullins

... (subordinate) clause. Recall that dependent clauses work together as a group of words but cannot stand alone. (Ex: Odysseus couldn’t stop telling his story because he had done so many interesting things.) Note: Dependent (subordinate) clauses are formed by beginning with a subordinating conjunction: ...
action verb - Heartmind Effect
action verb - Heartmind Effect

... Professor of Poetry. His grammar book was used in classrooms into the early 1900s. Apparently, both Dryden and Lowth were guided by the idea that the English language should follow the rules for Latin which does not dangle prepositions. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill took exception to this ru ...
The Word
The Word

... “the same” only in the sense that in the structural patterns of English each has the same functional significance. (Ch.Fries) ...
Identifying and Analyzing Brazilian Portuguese Complex Predicates
Identifying and Analyzing Brazilian Portuguese Complex Predicates

... have been called in the literature “light verb constructions” (LVC) or “support verb constructions” (SVC). Although both terms have been employed as synonyms, “light verb” is, in fact, a semantic concept and “support verb” is a syntactic concept. The term “light verb” is attributed to Jespersen (196 ...
Conversation level : intermediate (l1)
Conversation level : intermediate (l1)

... 1.-Ask them to tell you their everyday activities select a specific day and make the transition from present to future 2.-(Hot potato game) Throw the ball to each student, but first of all play them some music, and they are suppose to throw the ball to each student and when the music stops, they hav ...
Nonfinite Verb Phrases
Nonfinite Verb Phrases

... * The static on that radio is more annoying me than anything else. The static on that radio is annoying to me. (adjective) The static on that radio is very annoying to me. The static on that radio is more annoying to me than anything else. ...
clean - LAGB Education Committee
clean - LAGB Education Committee

... with anaphoric his, we also find In his pocket, Alan found a marble, where his refers to Alan. Most anaphoric elements also allow 'exophora', in which their referent is in the extra-linguistic situation (e.g. Take a look at that, then!) Anaphora is possible not only for pronouns but also for members ...
Phrases
Phrases

... so-named because its meaning is essential to the meaning of the sentence. Example A: The clock that my great grandfather had owned was passed down to me through the generations. The clause that my great grandfather had owned is essential to the sentences meaning since the focus is on a specific cloc ...
Linguistic Assumptions and Lexicographical Traditions in
Linguistic Assumptions and Lexicographical Traditions in

... assumptions on the one hand and user friendliness on the other. These two requirements are seldom compatible. It could be stated axiomatically, therefore, that the more specialized the linguistic knowledge required of the user, the less user friendly a dictionary will be. And conversely, the more us ...
The Gerund
The Gerund

... the noun in the predicate phrase that tells who or what receives the action of the verb. • The result of the action (verb) performed by the subject (noun) is the direct object (noun) • Ramen NoOdLes loves jumping. • “jumping” is the direct object, and it is also a gerund. Why? Because it is an activ ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Reflexive pronouns normally are placed directly before the verb, but they may be (but do not have to be) attached to infinitives and present participles Me ...
Students First - Oakland University
Students First - Oakland University

... Unclear Example: I’ve worked at the same job for the past 10 years and find it quite comfortable. I began in the mail room and have been the office manager now for the past four years. I have come to believe it is only so because my awareness had diminished slowly. Since you’re reading these for the ...
english 0310 lab manual - Collin College Faculty Website Directory
english 0310 lab manual - Collin College Faculty Website Directory

... Grammar is not an easy subject to study, but its rewards are many. Grammar allows us to understand the varied components of English and helps us to make better language choices in our writing and speaking. Learning about these choices will enhance our writing and our understanding of others’ writing ...
The Participle and the Participial Phrase
The Participle and the Participial Phrase

... Participial Phrases and Commas ...
Yaqui coordination - University of Arizona
Yaqui coordination - University of Arizona

... following conditions: a) the grammatical subject is the same in both coordinated clauses, b) the subject of both coordinated sentences is a pronoun and there is correferentiality between them, c) there is not a topicalized element in the second conjunct sentence. In addition to these observations, w ...
the TOEFL ® ITP Score Descriptors Flyer
the TOEFL ® ITP Score Descriptors Flyer

... • understand less familiar verb tenses, subjunctive mood and reduced clauses, such as “while eating” and “how to go” • monitor interactions among various elements in a complex sentence for completeness of sentence structure, singular/plural agreement, etc. • deal with idioms and multiple usages of w ...
GF Japanese Resource Grammar
GF Japanese Resource Grammar

... (e.g. emails, letters, postcards, lectures, radio and TV news, etc) or quoting someone’s words. In fact, the necessity to consider both styles in the concrete GF grammar makes the paradigms of all content parts of speech twice larger, but the stylistic differentiation is an essential feature of the ...
Participial constructions in Old Anatolian Turkish: A morpho
Participial constructions in Old Anatolian Turkish: A morpho

... Among these participial suffixes, the suffixes -duk/diik and -an/en create syntactically active participles. These two form participle constructions in almost every part of the complex sentences by getting the verbal stems nominalized with a strong verbal force featuring tense and aspect. They can b ...
Parts of Speech
Parts of Speech

... COMMA SPLICE: Always prepare for a job interview, never go in cold. REVISION: Always prepare for a job interview; never go in cold. REVISION: Always prepare for a job interview. Never go in cold. COMMA SPLICE: First you must fill out an application, then you may submit your resume. REVISION: First y ...
Кузнецова Н. Б. Английский язык практическая грамматика
Кузнецова Н. Б. Английский язык практическая грамматика

... The possessive case can be used to talk about ownership or the relationship between people. It is formed in two ways: 1. with ‘s/’ for people or animals • singular nouns + ‘s e.g. Jim’s pen • plural nouns ending in -s + ‘ e.g. the boys’ hats, the cats’ tails • plural nouns not ending in -s + ‘s e.g. ...
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Modern Greek grammar



The grammar of Standard Modern Greek, as spoken in present-day Greece and Cyprus, is basically that of Demotic Greek, but it has also assimilated certain elements of Katharevousa, the archaic, learned variety of Greek imitating Classical Greek forms, which used to be the official language of Greece through much of the 19th and 20th centuries. Modern Greek grammar has preserved many features of Ancient Greek, but has also undergone changes in a similar direction as many other modern Indo-European languages, from more synthetic to more analytic structures.
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