![The Physics of Electrodynamic Ion Traps](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002797456_1-60576fb9633c42ef96213c3d9bbc91bc-300x300.png)
The Physics of Electrodynamic Ion Traps
... longer zero. As shown in the Figure, when the particle is above its time-‐averaged position (left
side of the figure), it experiences a stronger-‐than-‐
average electric field pushing it ...
... longer zero. As shown in the Figure, when the particle is above its time-‐averaged position
Discrete Symmetries
... Symmetries and conservation laws play a fundamental role in physics. The invariance of a system under a continuous symmetry transformation leads to a conservation law by Noethers’ theorem. For example, the invariance under space and time translations results in momentum and energy conservation. Besi ...
... Symmetries and conservation laws play a fundamental role in physics. The invariance of a system under a continuous symmetry transformation leads to a conservation law by Noethers’ theorem. For example, the invariance under space and time translations results in momentum and energy conservation. Besi ...
Dynamic model of elementary particles and the nature of mass and
... masses of microparticles in the Universe have the associated field character and that their own (proper, rest) masses do not exist. If such situations are possible, when exchanges of particles with the ambient field of matter-space-time of the subatomic level do not occur, then masses of particles, ...
... masses of microparticles in the Universe have the associated field character and that their own (proper, rest) masses do not exist. If such situations are possible, when exchanges of particles with the ambient field of matter-space-time of the subatomic level do not occur, then masses of particles, ...
Theory of relativistic electron holes in hot plasmas
... holes in the presence of the ion dynamics. A theoretical investigation [14] reveals the trapping and interactions between large-amplitude Langmuir waves and ion holes. The present status of the electron and ion hole physics as well as pertinent simulations and observations are contained in Ref. [15] ...
... holes in the presence of the ion dynamics. A theoretical investigation [14] reveals the trapping and interactions between large-amplitude Langmuir waves and ion holes. The present status of the electron and ion hole physics as well as pertinent simulations and observations are contained in Ref. [15] ...
Introduction to PHY008: Atomic and Nuclear Physics
... Around the same time J.J. Thomson was investigating a long-standing puzzle known as "cathode rays." If the low pressure gas in the glass tube was replaced by a total vacuum then the glow disappeared. However, where the positive high voltage electrode passed through the glass a fluorescent glow was s ...
... Around the same time J.J. Thomson was investigating a long-standing puzzle known as "cathode rays." If the low pressure gas in the glass tube was replaced by a total vacuum then the glow disappeared. However, where the positive high voltage electrode passed through the glass a fluorescent glow was s ...
Chapter 2
... protons, neutrons, electrons β-, positrons β+). This distinction, as already mentioned, belongs to the proper “history” of the radiation, drawn by the history of the particle (subject connected to the concepts of energy loss of a particle, range, interactions) and by the history of the target atoms ...
... protons, neutrons, electrons β-, positrons β+). This distinction, as already mentioned, belongs to the proper “history” of the radiation, drawn by the history of the particle (subject connected to the concepts of energy loss of a particle, range, interactions) and by the history of the target atoms ...
Electric and magnetic fields - The Physics of Bruce Harvey
... Magnetic poles are man made objects and the fact that they appear to exert forces on each other in the same way as electrically charged objects is misleading. The primary purpose in nature of magnetic fields is to surround moving elementary charged particles and contain their potential energy. When ...
... Magnetic poles are man made objects and the fact that they appear to exert forces on each other in the same way as electrically charged objects is misleading. The primary purpose in nature of magnetic fields is to surround moving elementary charged particles and contain their potential energy. When ...
half-life
... • As with electron capture, this occurs because a nucleus has too many protons relative to neutrons. • A proton emits a positron and changes into a neutron. • The daughter nucleus has an atomic number 1 less and an atomic mass the same as the parent nucleus. • Example: ...
... • As with electron capture, this occurs because a nucleus has too many protons relative to neutrons. • A proton emits a positron and changes into a neutron. • The daughter nucleus has an atomic number 1 less and an atomic mass the same as the parent nucleus. • Example: ...
Solutions
... How long will it take the electron to return to its initial position? Answer: 2.8 micro-sec. ~ and Solution: Let the direction of the electron’s initial velocity be in the +î direction. The force on the electron is −eE, its acceleration is −e|E|/me î. This acceleration is in the opposite direction ...
... How long will it take the electron to return to its initial position? Answer: 2.8 micro-sec. ~ and Solution: Let the direction of the electron’s initial velocity be in the +î direction. The force on the electron is −eE, its acceleration is −e|E|/me î. This acceleration is in the opposite direction ...
The Transition Dipole Mo...ection Rules - Chemwiki
... said to be forbidden, or more precisely, electric-dipole forbidden. In fact, the electric-dipole electric-field interaction is only the leading term in a multipole expansion of the interaction energy, but the higher order terms in this expansion usually are not significant. If is large, then the pro ...
... said to be forbidden, or more precisely, electric-dipole forbidden. In fact, the electric-dipole electric-field interaction is only the leading term in a multipole expansion of the interaction energy, but the higher order terms in this expansion usually are not significant. If is large, then the pro ...
electric field worksheet name
... the same on A and C, but less on B the same for A, B, and C greatest on A and least on C least on A and greatest on C ...
... the same on A and C, but less on B the same for A, B, and C greatest on A and least on C least on A and greatest on C ...
The Oscillating Universe Theory - Scientific Research Publishing
... particle points to the existence of the universal interaction for fields related to each particle. Besides, the two oscillation branches with the energy gap observed in the excitation spectrum prove an existence of a certain set of discrete oscillators whose interaction causes normal oscillations wi ...
... particle points to the existence of the universal interaction for fields related to each particle. Besides, the two oscillation branches with the energy gap observed in the excitation spectrum prove an existence of a certain set of discrete oscillators whose interaction causes normal oscillations wi ...
Mass spectrometry powerpoint
... This is true even for things which you would normally expect to form negative ions (chlorine, for example) or never form ions at all (argon, for example). Nearly all lose just one electron (~5% will lose two) ...
... This is true even for things which you would normally expect to form negative ions (chlorine, for example) or never form ions at all (argon, for example). Nearly all lose just one electron (~5% will lose two) ...
Lepton
A lepton is an elementary, half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) particle that does not undergo strong interactions, but is subject to the Pauli exclusion principle. The best known of all leptons is the electron, which is directly tied to all chemical properties. Two main classes of leptons exist: charged leptons (also known as the electron-like leptons), and neutral leptons (better known as neutrinos). Charged leptons can combine with other particles to form various composite particles such as atoms and positronium, while neutrinos rarely interact with anything, and are consequently rarely observed.There are six types of leptons, known as flavours, forming three generations. The first generation is the electronic leptons, comprising the electron (e−) and electron neutrino (νe); the second is the muonic leptons, comprising the muon (μ−) and muon neutrino (νμ); and the third is the tauonic leptons, comprising the tau (τ−) and the tau neutrino (ντ). Electrons have the least mass of all the charged leptons. The heavier muons and taus will rapidly change into electrons through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Thus electrons are stable and the most common charged lepton in the universe, whereas muons and taus can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and those carried out in particle accelerators).Leptons have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, spin, and mass. Unlike quarks however, leptons are not subject to the strong interaction, but they are subject to the other three fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism (excluding neutrinos, which are electrically neutral), and the weak interaction. For every lepton flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as antilepton, that differs from the lepton only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign. However, according to certain theories, neutrinos may be their own antiparticle, but it is not currently known whether this is the case or not.The first charged lepton, the electron, was theorized in the mid-19th century by several scientists and was discovered in 1897 by J. J. Thomson. The next lepton to be observed was the muon, discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1936, which was classified as a meson at the time. After investigation, it was realized that the muon did not have the expected properties of a meson, but rather behaved like an electron, only with higher mass. It took until 1947 for the concept of ""leptons"" as a family of particle to be proposed. The first neutrino, the electron neutrino, was proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain certain characteristics of beta decay. It was first observed in the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment conducted by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956. The muon neutrino was discovered in 1962 by Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, and the tau discovered between 1974 and 1977 by Martin Lewis Perl and his colleagues from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The tau neutrino remained elusive until July 2000, when the DONUT collaboration from Fermilab announced its discovery.Leptons are an important part of the Standard Model. Electrons are one of the components of atoms, alongside protons and neutrons. Exotic atoms with muons and taus instead of electrons can also be synthesized, as well as lepton–antilepton particles such as positronium.