William Stallings Data and Computer Communications
... How do layers work together? A concept called data encapsulation is applied. In each layer, the smallest unit of data is called a Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Each PDU contains a header, which contains protocol control information, and usually user information in the form of a service data unit (SDU ...
... How do layers work together? A concept called data encapsulation is applied. In each layer, the smallest unit of data is called a Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Each PDU contains a header, which contains protocol control information, and usually user information in the form of a service data unit (SDU ...
NwksTCPIP
... The network layer has to get frames all the way from source to destination, possibly over more than one link Design goals: Services should be independent from subnet technologies Transport layer should not have to know about number, type and topology of subnets Transport layer network addresse ...
... The network layer has to get frames all the way from source to destination, possibly over more than one link Design goals: Services should be independent from subnet technologies Transport layer should not have to know about number, type and topology of subnets Transport layer network addresse ...
UNIT name: IP protocol
... sometimes as friends etc. Communication uses some kind of language (as transport layer), and of course it needs partners who communicate (as network layer). You already understand that there must be some kind of physical phenomenon to transport this communication to the partner (as physical layer, i ...
... sometimes as friends etc. Communication uses some kind of language (as transport layer), and of course it needs partners who communicate (as network layer). You already understand that there must be some kind of physical phenomenon to transport this communication to the partner (as physical layer, i ...
Network Layer
... 2. Route the message by finding the next computer to which the message should be sent in the Network Map, and writing its data link layer (DL) address in the Next Node Box. If your computer is directly connected to the final destination computer, the next node is the same as the final destination. I ...
... 2. Route the message by finding the next computer to which the message should be sent in the Network Map, and writing its data link layer (DL) address in the Next Node Box. If your computer is directly connected to the final destination computer, the next node is the same as the final destination. I ...
Powerpoint
... Transparency and Ease of Use Major Applications are the most complex things ever built by humans The Network and the Protocols should make applications easier to design and build Application designers should express their requirements for Quality of Service Automated implementation of QoS re ...
... Transparency and Ease of Use Major Applications are the most complex things ever built by humans The Network and the Protocols should make applications easier to design and build Application designers should express their requirements for Quality of Service Automated implementation of QoS re ...
Lecture 3a
... What is the Internet? • A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources • The vast collection of computer ...
... What is the Internet? • A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources • The vast collection of computer ...
網路基本觀念 - Yen-Cheng Chen / 陳彥錚
... Connects two networks with different technologies, and provides an intelligent means of transferring packets from one network to the other. Also forwards traffic among multiple hubs and ...
... Connects two networks with different technologies, and provides an intelligent means of transferring packets from one network to the other. Also forwards traffic among multiple hubs and ...
Technology Directions for IP Infrastructure
... Site-Local addressing Multi-homing Mobility Transition mechanisms ...
... Site-Local addressing Multi-homing Mobility Transition mechanisms ...
IP-Forwarding
... Routers forward packets based on the destination address at network layer ( Layer 3 ) ...
... Routers forward packets based on the destination address at network layer ( Layer 3 ) ...
02-evolution2
... DiffServ is very easily deployable and could enable well working VoIP and real-time video Unfortunately, it is not used between operators ...
... DiffServ is very easily deployable and could enable well working VoIP and real-time video Unfortunately, it is not used between operators ...
Different Network Equipment
... TCP/IP Layer (cont.) Application Layer Defines TCP/IP application protocols and how host programs interface with transport layer services to use the network Protocols: HTTP, Telnet, FTP, TFTP, SNMP, DNS, SMTP, X Windows, other application protocols ...
... TCP/IP Layer (cont.) Application Layer Defines TCP/IP application protocols and how host programs interface with transport layer services to use the network Protocols: HTTP, Telnet, FTP, TFTP, SNMP, DNS, SMTP, X Windows, other application protocols ...
OSI Model
... Comparing the OSI & TCP/IP models • Differences - TCP/IP: • Combines the presentation and session layer issues into its application layer • Combines the OSI data link and physical layers into one layer (a.k.a. Network Interface) • Appears simpler because it has fewer layers • In the TCP/IP model, t ...
... Comparing the OSI & TCP/IP models • Differences - TCP/IP: • Combines the presentation and session layer issues into its application layer • Combines the OSI data link and physical layers into one layer (a.k.a. Network Interface) • Appears simpler because it has fewer layers • In the TCP/IP model, t ...
cs516 midterm solution
... The following questions deal with broadcasting protocols used in LANs. (a) What is the main difference between the Aloha protocols and CSMA protocols? [2 marks] [1 mark for each] z Aloha does not sense carrier and simply transmits whenever it has data z CSMA senses carrier (listens if the medium is ...
... The following questions deal with broadcasting protocols used in LANs. (a) What is the main difference between the Aloha protocols and CSMA protocols? [2 marks] [1 mark for each] z Aloha does not sense carrier and simply transmits whenever it has data z CSMA senses carrier (listens if the medium is ...
Network Notes - w w w .conta.uom .gr
... • the processors are interconnected and communicate with each other • architecture is multiple computers distributed throughout the system interconnected through networks using communications lines ...
... • the processors are interconnected and communicate with each other • architecture is multiple computers distributed throughout the system interconnected through networks using communications lines ...
Layer 5
... that may occur in the Physical layer. The addressing scheme is physical which means that the addresses are hard-coded into the network cards at the time of manufacture. The addressing scheme is flat. Examples are Ethernet, HDLC and ADCCP for point-to-point or packet-switched networks and Aloha for l ...
... that may occur in the Physical layer. The addressing scheme is physical which means that the addresses are hard-coded into the network cards at the time of manufacture. The addressing scheme is flat. Examples are Ethernet, HDLC and ADCCP for point-to-point or packet-switched networks and Aloha for l ...
Internet - Rose
... R=link bandwidth (bps) L=packet length (bits) time to send bits into link = L/R ...
... R=link bandwidth (bps) L=packet length (bits) time to send bits into link = L/R ...
Ch 2: TCP/IP Concepts Review
... Explain the binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbering system Overview of TCP/IP Protocol ...
... Explain the binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbering system Overview of TCP/IP Protocol ...
Slide 1
... • What does POP stand for? Post Office Protocol • What is a protocol? Agreement or set of rules involving 2 or more parties • What does HTTP stand for and where would you see it? • Hypertext transfer protocol • What is a NAP? Network Access Point • What does IP stand for? Internet Protocol ...
... • What does POP stand for? Post Office Protocol • What is a protocol? Agreement or set of rules involving 2 or more parties • What does HTTP stand for and where would you see it? • Hypertext transfer protocol • What is a NAP? Network Access Point • What does IP stand for? Internet Protocol ...
ppt
... • TCP adds value to IP by adding retransmission, in-order delivery, data checksums, etc., so that programmers don’t have to re-implement the wheel every time. It also helps figure out how fast to send data. This is why TCP sockets can “block” from the app perspective. • The e2e argument suggests tha ...
... • TCP adds value to IP by adding retransmission, in-order delivery, data checksums, etc., so that programmers don’t have to re-implement the wheel every time. It also helps figure out how fast to send data. This is why TCP sockets can “block” from the app perspective. • The e2e argument suggests tha ...
Networking Fundamentals
... the entire message, so it must keep track of fragmentation, out-of-order packets, and other perils. Layer 4 provides endto-end management of communication. Some protocols, like TCP, do a very good job of making sure the communication is reliable. Some don't really care if a few packets are lost--UDP ...
... the entire message, so it must keep track of fragmentation, out-of-order packets, and other perils. Layer 4 provides endto-end management of communication. Some protocols, like TCP, do a very good job of making sure the communication is reliable. Some don't really care if a few packets are lost--UDP ...
Intro_part1
... Via its own internal-layer actions (a layer is a black-box) Relying on services provided by layer below •Why layering? explicit structure allows identification, relationship of complex system’s pieces (modular approach) layered reference model for discussion modularization eases maintenance, up ...
... Via its own internal-layer actions (a layer is a black-box) Relying on services provided by layer below •Why layering? explicit structure allows identification, relationship of complex system’s pieces (modular approach) layered reference model for discussion modularization eases maintenance, up ...
Discovery service
... Reduces amount of data to be transmitted (by translating HTTP headers from text into binary). Allows sessions to be suspended and resumed. Provides reliable datagram service without the unnecessary overhead of TCP. TCP stack is not required on handheld device. WAP protocol stack requires l ...
... Reduces amount of data to be transmitted (by translating HTTP headers from text into binary). Allows sessions to be suspended and resumed. Provides reliable datagram service without the unnecessary overhead of TCP. TCP stack is not required on handheld device. WAP protocol stack requires l ...
Lecture #10
... • Peer to peer communication • Efficient under lightly loaded systems • Variations in data transfer requirements can be handled by the system Disadvantages • Hard to detect communication or node failure • Network still dependent on central communications controller • Semi deterministic response time ...
... • Peer to peer communication • Efficient under lightly loaded systems • Variations in data transfer requirements can be handled by the system Disadvantages • Hard to detect communication or node failure • Network still dependent on central communications controller • Semi deterministic response time ...
Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA)
The Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) is a computer network architecture that unifies distributed computing and telecommunications. RINA's fundamental principle is that computer networking is just Inter-Process Communication or IPC. RINA reconstructs the overall structure of the Internet, forming a model that comprises a single repeating layer, the DIF (Distributed IPC Facility), which is the minimal set of components required to allow distributed IPC between application processes. RINA inherently supports mobility, multi-homing and Quality of Service without the need for extra mechanisms, provides a secure and programmable environment, motivates for a more competitive marketplace, and allows for a seamless adoption.