Temperature Profiling of VCSELs by Thermoreflectance Microscopy
... of 1–2 m. SThM, which has been successfully demonstrated on a cross-sectioned VCSEL, is not suitable on a light-emitting surface since the optical radiation is absorbed by the microthermocouple. In this letter, we present two-dimensional (2-D), spatially resolved, nondestructive profiling of the sur ...
... of 1–2 m. SThM, which has been successfully demonstrated on a cross-sectioned VCSEL, is not suitable on a light-emitting surface since the optical radiation is absorbed by the microthermocouple. In this letter, we present two-dimensional (2-D), spatially resolved, nondestructive profiling of the sur ...
Synthesis of Titanium Oxide Particles Reinforced with Magnesium
... Magnesium is silvery-white alkaline earth metal and one third lighter than Aluminium. The properties of the matrix and reinforcement materials are listed in Table 1. Magnesium may be prepared from electrolysis of fused magnesium chloride, most repeatedly obtained from sea water. Pure titanium is a t ...
... Magnesium is silvery-white alkaline earth metal and one third lighter than Aluminium. The properties of the matrix and reinforcement materials are listed in Table 1. Magnesium may be prepared from electrolysis of fused magnesium chloride, most repeatedly obtained from sea water. Pure titanium is a t ...
In situ Raman Spectroscopic Study of Supported Molten Salt
... importance has been a long-sought goal in catalysis (1). In the present study, in-situ Raman spectroscopy at temperatures up to 500oC is used for the first time to identify vanadium species on the surface of a vanadium oxide based supported molten salt catalyst during SO2 oxidation. Vanadia/silica c ...
... importance has been a long-sought goal in catalysis (1). In the present study, in-situ Raman spectroscopy at temperatures up to 500oC is used for the first time to identify vanadium species on the surface of a vanadium oxide based supported molten salt catalyst during SO2 oxidation. Vanadia/silica c ...
ultrasound action on strength properties of polycrystalline metals
... analysis of their strengthening effect could be made. Grain boundaries are simply planar defects between adjacent grains, each grain having different crystallographic orientations. Low angle grain boundaries occur when the miss-orientation of the lattices of adjacent grains is less than 15°. These b ...
... analysis of their strengthening effect could be made. Grain boundaries are simply planar defects between adjacent grains, each grain having different crystallographic orientations. Low angle grain boundaries occur when the miss-orientation of the lattices of adjacent grains is less than 15°. These b ...
Temperature dependence of the Faraday rotation of terbium gallium
... compensation in solid-state laser medium [1]. Recent studies have indicated that under high average power, even solid-state FEs suffer from their own thermal effects seriously due to small absorption coefficient ! (for example, !of Terbium Gallium Garnet (TGG): Tb3Ga5O12 is the order of 10-3cm-1 at ...
... compensation in solid-state laser medium [1]. Recent studies have indicated that under high average power, even solid-state FEs suffer from their own thermal effects seriously due to small absorption coefficient ! (for example, !of Terbium Gallium Garnet (TGG): Tb3Ga5O12 is the order of 10-3cm-1 at ...
Environmental Embrittlement Characteristics of the AlFe and AlCuFe
... Firstly, more crystallographic phases are commonly obtained (see Figure 2d). Furthermore, it can be observed in Figure 4 that the degradation time increase with the increment of the number of crystalline phases formed. Now, in the case of the B2-Al60 Fe40 composition, there is an appreciable decreme ...
... Firstly, more crystallographic phases are commonly obtained (see Figure 2d). Furthermore, it can be observed in Figure 4 that the degradation time increase with the increment of the number of crystalline phases formed. Now, in the case of the B2-Al60 Fe40 composition, there is an appreciable decreme ...
Competition for Electrons
... track of electrons based on the arbitrary assumption that shared electrons belong to the more electronegative element n Rules for assigning oxidation numbers q Oxidation numbers for atoms that are free elements are always zero q The oxidation numbers of ions are the same as the charge on the ion q S ...
... track of electrons based on the arbitrary assumption that shared electrons belong to the more electronegative element n Rules for assigning oxidation numbers q Oxidation numbers for atoms that are free elements are always zero q The oxidation numbers of ions are the same as the charge on the ion q S ...
An Introduction to Redox
... Redox reactions are sometimes divided into half‐reactions to separate and clarify the electron transfer process. The species that loses electrons is said to be oxidized and is often referred to as the reducing agent. The species that gains electrons is said to be reduced and is referred to as t ...
... Redox reactions are sometimes divided into half‐reactions to separate and clarify the electron transfer process. The species that loses electrons is said to be oxidized and is often referred to as the reducing agent. The species that gains electrons is said to be reduced and is referred to as t ...
Thermal Wave Measurements with a Mirage Detection for
... Application in the laser technique is determined also by thermal properties of a used crystal. The thermal expansion coefficient is an important factor during the growth process and for pure GdCOB below 900◦ C is equal to 10.5 × 10−6 K−1 , 8.3 × 10−6 K−1 , 14.7 × 10−6 K−1 along X, Y , Z optical dire ...
... Application in the laser technique is determined also by thermal properties of a used crystal. The thermal expansion coefficient is an important factor during the growth process and for pure GdCOB below 900◦ C is equal to 10.5 × 10−6 K−1 , 8.3 × 10−6 K−1 , 14.7 × 10−6 K−1 along X, Y , Z optical dire ...
738 influence of the oxide layer in the erosion of metals caused by
... scale covers only the RuAl-grains and remains open where the intergranular phase was present. After the oxygen penetrates in the intergranular phase through the interface, Ru oxidize forming RuO2 . At the existing high temperature and in further contact with oxygen volatile ruthenium oxides RuO3 and ...
... scale covers only the RuAl-grains and remains open where the intergranular phase was present. After the oxygen penetrates in the intergranular phase through the interface, Ru oxidize forming RuO2 . At the existing high temperature and in further contact with oxygen volatile ruthenium oxides RuO3 and ...
Worksheet 1 - Oxidation/Reduction Reactions Oxidation number
... Balancing Redox Reactions Oxidation/Reduction (Redox) reactions can be balanced using the oxidation state changes, as seen in the previous example. However, there is an easier method, which involves breaking a redox reaction into two half- reactions. This is best shown by working an example. Hydrob ...
... Balancing Redox Reactions Oxidation/Reduction (Redox) reactions can be balanced using the oxidation state changes, as seen in the previous example. However, there is an easier method, which involves breaking a redox reaction into two half- reactions. This is best shown by working an example. Hydrob ...
Redox
... Before metallurgy, humans discovered fire. The technology of fire has been crucial in the development of human cultures, but only relatively recently (18th century) have we come to realize the role of oxygen in burning. Understanding the connection of corrosion (rusting, tarnishing, etc.) and burnin ...
... Before metallurgy, humans discovered fire. The technology of fire has been crucial in the development of human cultures, but only relatively recently (18th century) have we come to realize the role of oxygen in burning. Understanding the connection of corrosion (rusting, tarnishing, etc.) and burnin ...
Superalloy
A superalloy, or high-performance alloy, is an alloy that exhibits several key characteristics: excellent mechanical strength, resistance to thermal creep deformation, good surface stability and resistance to corrosion or oxidation. The crystal structure is typically face-centered cubic austenitic. Examples of such alloys are Hastelloy, Inconel, Waspaloy, Rene alloys, Haynes alloys, Incoloy, MP98T, TMS alloys, and CMSX single crystal alloys.Superalloy development has relied heavily on both chemical and process innovations. Superalloys develop high temperature strength through solid solution strengthening. An important strengthening mechanism is precipitation strengthening which forms secondary phase precipitates such as gamma prime and carbides. Oxidation or corrosion resistance is provided by elements such as aluminium and chromium.The primary application for such alloys is in turbine engines, both aerospace and marine.