Blaine Fritz: Cell Biology & Neuroscience
... Evaluation of 3M Petrifilm as an equivalent alternative to drop-plating on agar plates in a biofilm system This project evaluated 3M Petrifilm as an alternative, more efficient method for bacterial enumeration. Using Petrifilm allows the researcher to avoid preparing agar plates for bacterial enumer ...
... Evaluation of 3M Petrifilm as an equivalent alternative to drop-plating on agar plates in a biofilm system This project evaluated 3M Petrifilm as an alternative, more efficient method for bacterial enumeration. Using Petrifilm allows the researcher to avoid preparing agar plates for bacterial enumer ...
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria at the Beach
... Disease-causing (pathogenic) microbes are not the majority ...
... Disease-causing (pathogenic) microbes are not the majority ...
Supportive Selective and Differential Media
... Supportive media contain additional ingredients, such as red blood cells, which support the growth of more fastidious (picky) bacteria. Red blood cells are an excellent source of iron and amino acids as well as required bacterial growth factors such as NAD(factor V) and hemin(factor X). In Chocolate ...
... Supportive media contain additional ingredients, such as red blood cells, which support the growth of more fastidious (picky) bacteria. Red blood cells are an excellent source of iron and amino acids as well as required bacterial growth factors such as NAD(factor V) and hemin(factor X). In Chocolate ...
Slide 1
... Klebsiella can ferment lactose to produce acid, whereas others including salmonellas, shigellas and proteeae cannot and are thus known as non-lactose fermenters (NLF's). There are almost 2,000 different varieties of salmonella recognised on the basis of differences in their surface antigens. Members ...
... Klebsiella can ferment lactose to produce acid, whereas others including salmonellas, shigellas and proteeae cannot and are thus known as non-lactose fermenters (NLF's). There are almost 2,000 different varieties of salmonella recognised on the basis of differences in their surface antigens. Members ...
Infection and Disease I
... the hands In the study, researchers analyzed H. pylori infections in a small, rural population in Guatemala, testing blood samples, oral samples and samples from underneath the fingernails. They found that over half of the subjects tested positive via blood test, nearly 90 percent tested positive fo ...
... the hands In the study, researchers analyzed H. pylori infections in a small, rural population in Guatemala, testing blood samples, oral samples and samples from underneath the fingernails. They found that over half of the subjects tested positive via blood test, nearly 90 percent tested positive fo ...
Stains and types of staining techniques
... Crystal violet (CV) dissociates in aqueous solutions into CV+ and chloride (Cl – ) ions. These ions penetrate through the cell wall and cell membrane of both gram-positive and gram-negative cells. The CV+ ion interacts with negatively charged components of bacterial cells and stains the cells purple ...
... Crystal violet (CV) dissociates in aqueous solutions into CV+ and chloride (Cl – ) ions. These ions penetrate through the cell wall and cell membrane of both gram-positive and gram-negative cells. The CV+ ion interacts with negatively charged components of bacterial cells and stains the cells purple ...
All bacteria are Prokaryotes
... •A specialized resting structure found in bacteria •genus Bacillus (aerobic) •common soil bacteria; also anthrax ...
... •A specialized resting structure found in bacteria •genus Bacillus (aerobic) •common soil bacteria; also anthrax ...
Chapter 4 VIRUS, BACTERIA AND CYANOBACTERIA
... smaller than bacteria. He named them as viruses. No one had seen them because they were too small to be seen even with the compound microscope. The year 1935 was important in solving the story of what viruses really are and how they behave. A new kind of microscope the electron microscope had been c ...
... smaller than bacteria. He named them as viruses. No one had seen them because they were too small to be seen even with the compound microscope. The year 1935 was important in solving the story of what viruses really are and how they behave. A new kind of microscope the electron microscope had been c ...
Page 45 - Educast
... thing smaller than bacteria. He named them as viruses. No one had seen them because they were too small to be seen even with the compound microscope. The year 1935 was important in solving the story of what viruses really are and how they behave. A new kind of microscope the electron microscope had ...
... thing smaller than bacteria. He named them as viruses. No one had seen them because they were too small to be seen even with the compound microscope. The year 1935 was important in solving the story of what viruses really are and how they behave. A new kind of microscope the electron microscope had ...
CHAPTER - 2 MICROORGANISMS : FRIEND AND FOE
... Microorganisms (Microbes) :• Very small organisms which cannot be seen with the naked eye. • may be unicellular or multicellular • may exist alone like amoeba or in colonies like Fungi & Bacteria • found in all kinds of environment like ice cold climate, hot springs, deserts, marshy lands etc. They ...
... Microorganisms (Microbes) :• Very small organisms which cannot be seen with the naked eye. • may be unicellular or multicellular • may exist alone like amoeba or in colonies like Fungi & Bacteria • found in all kinds of environment like ice cold climate, hot springs, deserts, marshy lands etc. They ...
Microbial Growth
... Structural organic molecules, energy source Chemoheterotrophs use organic carbon sources Autotrophs use CO2 ...
... Structural organic molecules, energy source Chemoheterotrophs use organic carbon sources Autotrophs use CO2 ...
2- prokaryotes
... Archaea are thought to be more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria. ...
... Archaea are thought to be more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria. ...
domain bacteria
... On average, about one-thousandth as much DNA Concentrated in twisted nucleoid region ...
... On average, about one-thousandth as much DNA Concentrated in twisted nucleoid region ...
Scientific Method Applied
... In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed a mold called Penicillium also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold. All the bacteria that had grown in this clear area had died. In the culture dishes without the ...
... In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed a mold called Penicillium also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold. All the bacteria that had grown in this clear area had died. In the culture dishes without the ...
1. Bacteria without cell Wall a. Chlamydia b. Rickettsia c
... All of these about viruses is correct except: a. Obligatory intracellular parasites b. Did not contain ribosomes. c. Contain DNA and RNA d. Can pass through bacterial filter ...
... All of these about viruses is correct except: a. Obligatory intracellular parasites b. Did not contain ribosomes. c. Contain DNA and RNA d. Can pass through bacterial filter ...
Recombinant Cloning
... The microbe Escherichia coli (E. coli) is perhaps the most studied and understood organism on the planet. Most of its genetic and biochemical mechanisms have been determined by scientists, making it easy to manipulate for our benefit. Although this bacterium has received lots of bad press, there is ...
... The microbe Escherichia coli (E. coli) is perhaps the most studied and understood organism on the planet. Most of its genetic and biochemical mechanisms have been determined by scientists, making it easy to manipulate for our benefit. Although this bacterium has received lots of bad press, there is ...
Chapter 11: Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes
... Relationships of Living Organisms In 1930s electron microscopy made it clear that bacterial cells lacked a nucleus. The term procaryote was introduced in 1937. In 1959 Kingdom Fungi was established. In 1961 the current definition of the term ...
... Relationships of Living Organisms In 1930s electron microscopy made it clear that bacterial cells lacked a nucleus. The term procaryote was introduced in 1937. In 1959 Kingdom Fungi was established. In 1961 the current definition of the term ...
Antimicrobial Agents
... or bacteria in the genus Bacillus, which produce antibiotics such as bacitracin and polymyxin; or bacteria in the genus Streptomyces, which produce a number of medically important antibiotics. Antimicrobial agents work in one of two ways: they are either bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal. A bacteriost ...
... or bacteria in the genus Bacillus, which produce antibiotics such as bacitracin and polymyxin; or bacteria in the genus Streptomyces, which produce a number of medically important antibiotics. Antimicrobial agents work in one of two ways: they are either bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal. A bacteriost ...
Bacterial Physiology
... c. Many bacteria that cause disease are able to do so because they can survive in a given environment i. Bacteria that causes pneumonia doesn’t cause GI disease because it can’t survive in the GI tract ii. They have been selected for by the human host to cause the diseases that they cause- you are c ...
... c. Many bacteria that cause disease are able to do so because they can survive in a given environment i. Bacteria that causes pneumonia doesn’t cause GI disease because it can’t survive in the GI tract ii. They have been selected for by the human host to cause the diseases that they cause- you are c ...
How Antibiotics Work
... greater pressure on the membrane, which is no longer properly supported by peptidoglycan. The membrane gives way, the cell contents leak out, and the bacterium dies. These antibiotics do not affect human cells because human cells do not have cell walls. ...
... greater pressure on the membrane, which is no longer properly supported by peptidoglycan. The membrane gives way, the cell contents leak out, and the bacterium dies. These antibiotics do not affect human cells because human cells do not have cell walls. ...
The Growth of Microorganisms
... temperatures but the optimal growth temperature for most medically important bacteria is 20 – 45C B. Gaseous composition of the atmosphere – see terms above for aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, microaerophilic, and capnophilic C. Neutral pH is optimal – most media will be a 7 or 7.5 pH D. ...
... temperatures but the optimal growth temperature for most medically important bacteria is 20 – 45C B. Gaseous composition of the atmosphere – see terms above for aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, microaerophilic, and capnophilic C. Neutral pH is optimal – most media will be a 7 or 7.5 pH D. ...
Outcomes of co-evolutionary addiction (PDF File 179.2 KB)
... ‘Insect science is undergoing an exciting paradigm shift with the discovery that most insects harbour microbial symbionts that drive many aspects of insect biology,’ says Dr Riegler. ‘Microbes of insects can define insect diets, protect insects from parasites and cause insects to diversify. As a res ...
... ‘Insect science is undergoing an exciting paradigm shift with the discovery that most insects harbour microbial symbionts that drive many aspects of insect biology,’ says Dr Riegler. ‘Microbes of insects can define insect diets, protect insects from parasites and cause insects to diversify. As a res ...
L. monocytogenes is gram-positive and rod
... be similar to those resulting from infections by other bacterial species. ...
... be similar to those resulting from infections by other bacterial species. ...
Bacteria
Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, ""You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.""Most bacteria have not been characterized, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and some are beneficial. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, and the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.