12/08/14-- Student ID ______ TA Name
... best telescopes in the world. What was the original goal of their research and what kind of surprise did they ...
... best telescopes in the world. What was the original goal of their research and what kind of surprise did they ...
From Earth to the Galaxies
... Contrary to popular belief, a light year (abbreviated as ly) is a measurement of distance rather than time. A light year equals the distance that a ray of light travels in one year, at a speed of 300,000 km/s. A light year therefore represents 300,000 km/s x 60 s/min x 60 min/h x 24 h/d x 365 d/y—in ...
... Contrary to popular belief, a light year (abbreviated as ly) is a measurement of distance rather than time. A light year equals the distance that a ray of light travels in one year, at a speed of 300,000 km/s. A light year therefore represents 300,000 km/s x 60 s/min x 60 min/h x 24 h/d x 365 d/y—in ...
Galaxies
... In 1923 Edwin Hubble measured the brightness of a pulsating variable star in the Andromeda galaxy, M31. The rate at which the variable star pulsed was linked to its actual brightness so he could estimate how far away it was. He discovered it was way outside the Milky Way. He then applied these measu ...
... In 1923 Edwin Hubble measured the brightness of a pulsating variable star in the Andromeda galaxy, M31. The rate at which the variable star pulsed was linked to its actual brightness so he could estimate how far away it was. He discovered it was way outside the Milky Way. He then applied these measu ...
Stars
... amount of energy, but there are billions of reactions per second. Each second, the Sun produces 4 × 1026 joules of energy. It would take 2,000 million nuclear power plants a whole year to produce the same amount of energy on Earth. In the Sun, and in most stars, hydrogen atoms fuse together to form ...
... amount of energy, but there are billions of reactions per second. Each second, the Sun produces 4 × 1026 joules of energy. It would take 2,000 million nuclear power plants a whole year to produce the same amount of energy on Earth. In the Sun, and in most stars, hydrogen atoms fuse together to form ...
z - STScI
... forming regions/galaxies that appeared 1 billion years after the Big Bang (to z ~ 5.6) – New stars appear to be forming at roughly a constant rate until very recently (1 < z < 5) – SCUBA may have detected a significant component of dust-hidden star formation at cosmological distances ...
... forming regions/galaxies that appeared 1 billion years after the Big Bang (to z ~ 5.6) – New stars appear to be forming at roughly a constant rate until very recently (1 < z < 5) – SCUBA may have detected a significant component of dust-hidden star formation at cosmological distances ...
HR Diagram of One Solar Mass Evolution
... • Most stars become white dwarfs • So there are billions in our galaxy, but they are faint ...
... • Most stars become white dwarfs • So there are billions in our galaxy, but they are faint ...
galaxy - 106Thursday130-430
... contains the highest density of stars in the galaxy. Although some hot young stars may be found in the nucleus, the primary population of stars there is similar to the old stars found in the halo. ...
... contains the highest density of stars in the galaxy. Although some hot young stars may be found in the nucleus, the primary population of stars there is similar to the old stars found in the halo. ...
Galaxies - senwiki
... that nothing, not even light, can escape. -Why? Black holes have extremely strong gravitational pulls. They can pull in stars and accumulate the mass of the stars. -Where are black holes located? Astronomers believe that each galaxy contains at least one supermassive black hole at its centre. ...
... that nothing, not even light, can escape. -Why? Black holes have extremely strong gravitational pulls. They can pull in stars and accumulate the mass of the stars. -Where are black holes located? Astronomers believe that each galaxy contains at least one supermassive black hole at its centre. ...
PowerPoint - Chandra X
... M87 Jet: A jet in a giant elliptical galaxy about 50 million light years from Earth in the constellation Virgo The Chandra image (top) shows the bright nucleus of M87 (extreme left) where a supermassive black hole resides, and a “knotty” X-ray jet extending outward. The Very Large Array radio image ...
... M87 Jet: A jet in a giant elliptical galaxy about 50 million light years from Earth in the constellation Virgo The Chandra image (top) shows the bright nucleus of M87 (extreme left) where a supermassive black hole resides, and a “knotty” X-ray jet extending outward. The Very Large Array radio image ...
Exercise 8
... Exercise 8: Galaxies and the Hubble Law The large-scale structure of the universe is governed by gravity. The Sun orbits the center of our galaxy, the Milky Way. The Milky Way, in turn, orbits the center of the Local Group, a cluster of galaxies. The Local Group orbits the center of the Virgo Superc ...
... Exercise 8: Galaxies and the Hubble Law The large-scale structure of the universe is governed by gravity. The Sun orbits the center of our galaxy, the Milky Way. The Milky Way, in turn, orbits the center of the Local Group, a cluster of galaxies. The Local Group orbits the center of the Virgo Superc ...
Chapter 34: Cosmology FYI 1. Radar Ranging 2. Triangulation idea
... limited to measuring distances within our solar system is: a. brightness-distance relationships ...
... limited to measuring distances within our solar system is: a. brightness-distance relationships ...
The universe is faster, colder, and wackier than anything we can
... neutron star might spin only once every 5 to 10 seconds. This is still ridiculously rapid compared to most stars and planets, but it’s glacially slow for a neutron star. Bizarrely, some neutron stars can reverse their gradual spin-down. Despite now being hundreds of millions or even billions of year ...
... neutron star might spin only once every 5 to 10 seconds. This is still ridiculously rapid compared to most stars and planets, but it’s glacially slow for a neutron star. Bizarrely, some neutron stars can reverse their gradual spin-down. Despite now being hundreds of millions or even billions of year ...
Chapter 27 Quasars, Active Galaxies, and Gamma
... from stars, nebulae, and some galaxies. • There were also point-like, or star-like, radio sources which varied rapidly these are the `quasi-stellar’ radio sources or quasars. • In visible light quasars appear as points, like stars. ...
... from stars, nebulae, and some galaxies. • There were also point-like, or star-like, radio sources which varied rapidly these are the `quasi-stellar’ radio sources or quasars. • In visible light quasars appear as points, like stars. ...
ASTR 101 Scale of the Universe: an Overview
... 110 times earth mainly hydrogen (H 75%) and helium(He 25%) Mass 2x1030 kg ~ 280,000 M⊕ produces energy converting H to He in its core by nuclear reactions, like in a hydrogen bomb • 4 million tons of H (4x109kg ) converted into He each second, 100 billion H bombs each second ...
... 110 times earth mainly hydrogen (H 75%) and helium(He 25%) Mass 2x1030 kg ~ 280,000 M⊕ produces energy converting H to He in its core by nuclear reactions, like in a hydrogen bomb • 4 million tons of H (4x109kg ) converted into He each second, 100 billion H bombs each second ...
Hierarchical galaxy formation
... 8 such black hole candidates are now known, with masses estimated at >3 solar masses ...
... 8 such black hole candidates are now known, with masses estimated at >3 solar masses ...
Galaxy clusters - University of Iowa Astrophysics
... source, we can figure out the total mass in the lens. This provides an independent confirmation of dark matter. • A lense can act as a huge telescope. The deepest images of the most distant galaxies are obtained with clusters acting as gravitational lenses. ...
... source, we can figure out the total mass in the lens. This provides an independent confirmation of dark matter. • A lense can act as a huge telescope. The deepest images of the most distant galaxies are obtained with clusters acting as gravitational lenses. ...
Galactic astronomy - Sierra College Astronomy Home Page
... Pure H & He stars, the first stars born after the Big Bang when very little metals existed. Stellar models tell us that Pop III stars would have been massive, shortlived, and none would have survived to current times. ...
... Pure H & He stars, the first stars born after the Big Bang when very little metals existed. Stellar models tell us that Pop III stars would have been massive, shortlived, and none would have survived to current times. ...
Stars - Stallion Science
... chemically rich guts into the galaxy, enriching pristine gas clouds with the chemistry of life. So that we are all connected to each other biologically, to the earth chemically and to the rest of the universe atomically…It’s not that we are better than the universe, we are part of the universe. We a ...
... chemically rich guts into the galaxy, enriching pristine gas clouds with the chemistry of life. So that we are all connected to each other biologically, to the earth chemically and to the rest of the universe atomically…It’s not that we are better than the universe, we are part of the universe. We a ...
Deaths of Stars - Chabot College
... Chandra X-ray image of the neutron star left behind by a supernova observed in A.D. 386. The remnant is known as G11.20.3. ...
... Chandra X-ray image of the neutron star left behind by a supernova observed in A.D. 386. The remnant is known as G11.20.3. ...
Chapter 25 PowerPoint
... be around 60 million times the mass of our Sun; material around it gets shot off in the form of huge jets which travel at nearly the speed of light and are easily visible in this Chandra x-ray image. Many of the small dots surrounding the central AGN are thought to be microquasars, smaller black hol ...
... be around 60 million times the mass of our Sun; material around it gets shot off in the form of huge jets which travel at nearly the speed of light and are easily visible in this Chandra x-ray image. Many of the small dots surrounding the central AGN are thought to be microquasars, smaller black hol ...
Type Ia supernovae and the ESSENCE supernova survey
... 2) a compact remnant is left behind (either a rapidly rotating neutron star or a black hole) ...
... 2) a compact remnant is left behind (either a rapidly rotating neutron star or a black hole) ...
Standard candles
... 2. Type 1A supernovae Supernovae occur when massive stars explode at the end of their lives. A white dwarf star in a binary pair with a red dwarf star steals mass from the red dwarf until it is too massive to support itself against gravity any more. Then its core collapses, starting a runaway nuclea ...
... 2. Type 1A supernovae Supernovae occur when massive stars explode at the end of their lives. A white dwarf star in a binary pair with a red dwarf star steals mass from the red dwarf until it is too massive to support itself against gravity any more. Then its core collapses, starting a runaway nuclea ...
On gamma-ray emission from pulsar magnetosphere
... have speculated about the possible existence of a dense star with neutron matter, it is not until 1967, when Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish noticed periodic spikes in their radio data that pulsars were discovered (Bell, J. et al. 1968). Only seven pulsars have been detected with high signifi ...
... have speculated about the possible existence of a dense star with neutron matter, it is not until 1967, when Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish noticed periodic spikes in their radio data that pulsars were discovered (Bell, J. et al. 1968). Only seven pulsars have been detected with high signifi ...
Gamma-ray burst
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of gamma rays associated with extremely energetic explosions that have been observed in distant galaxies. They are the brightest electromagnetic events known to occur in the universe. Bursts can last from ten milliseconds to several hours. The initial burst is usually followed by a longer-lived ""afterglow"" emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, microwave and radio).Most observed GRBs are believed to consist of a narrow beam of intense radiation released during a supernova or hypernova as a rapidly rotating, high-mass star collapses to form a neutron star, quark star, or black hole. A subclass of GRBs (the ""short"" bursts) appear to originate from a different process – this may be due to the merger of binary neutron stars. The cause of the precursor burst observed in some of these short events may be due to the development of a resonance between the crust and core of such stars as a result of the massive tidal forces experienced in the seconds leading up to their collision, causing the entire crust of the star to shatter.The sources of most GRBs are billions of light years away from Earth, implying that the explosions are both extremely energetic (a typical burst releases as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun will in its entire 10-billion-year lifetime) and extremely rare (a few per galaxy per million years). All observed GRBs have originated from outside the Milky Way galaxy, although a related class of phenomena, soft gamma repeater flares, are associated with magnetars within the Milky Way. It has been hypothesized that a gamma-ray burst in the Milky Way, pointing directly towards the Earth, could cause a mass extinction event.GRBs were first detected in 1967 by the Vela satellites, a series of satellites designed to detect covert nuclear weapons tests. Hundreds of theoretical models were proposed to explain these bursts in the years following their discovery, such as collisions between comets and neutron stars. Little information was available to verify these models until the 1997 detection of the first X-ray and optical afterglows and direct measurement of their redshifts using optical spectroscopy, and thus their distances and energy outputs. These discoveries, and subsequent studies of the galaxies and supernovae associated with the bursts, clarified the distance and luminosity of GRBs. These facts definitively placed them in distant galaxies and also connected long GRBs with the explosion of massive stars, the only possible source for the energy outputs observed.