2 The equations governing atmospheric flow.
... • Viscosity - Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid. The viscosity arises from shear stress between layers of a fluid that are moving with different velocities. The viscous force per unit mass is often written as F~ν = ν∇2~v where ν is the kinematic viscosity. For the atmosphere below ...
... • Viscosity - Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid. The viscosity arises from shear stress between layers of a fluid that are moving with different velocities. The viscous force per unit mass is often written as F~ν = ν∇2~v where ν is the kinematic viscosity. For the atmosphere below ...
CFC Destruction of Ozone - Major Cause of Recent Global Warming!
... Figure 2. Ozone in the atmosphere. The stratosphere or "good ozone" layer extends from about 9.6 km up to 48 km and protects life on earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Stratospheric ozone has been diminished by CFCs and other refrigerants-propellants released into the atmosphere. T ...
... Figure 2. Ozone in the atmosphere. The stratosphere or "good ozone" layer extends from about 9.6 km up to 48 km and protects life on earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Stratospheric ozone has been diminished by CFCs and other refrigerants-propellants released into the atmosphere. T ...
vocals-uk - HiGEM
... contribution to the VOCALS field experiment and modelling project. The ambition of VOCALS-UK is to reduce uncertainties in current and future climate projections, especially those associated with marine stratocumulus and coupled ocean atmosphere processes. Using a high resolution global coupled clim ...
... contribution to the VOCALS field experiment and modelling project. The ambition of VOCALS-UK is to reduce uncertainties in current and future climate projections, especially those associated with marine stratocumulus and coupled ocean atmosphere processes. Using a high resolution global coupled clim ...
Environmental lapse rate - FPInnovations Wildfire Operations
... adiabatic lapse rates, which are generally due to the extreme heating of the earth’s surface in calm conditions. Atmospheric stability is influenced by the environmental lapse rate. Extreme instability can influence wildfire behaviour and affect firefighter safety. Extreme instability is sometimes a ...
... adiabatic lapse rates, which are generally due to the extreme heating of the earth’s surface in calm conditions. Atmospheric stability is influenced by the environmental lapse rate. Extreme instability can influence wildfire behaviour and affect firefighter safety. Extreme instability is sometimes a ...
Conservation of Angular Momentum
... Consider the following: An object initially at rest with respect to the earth at 20N, where it has the same angular velocity of the earth, is taken to 30N. Question: What happens to the object's tangential and angular velocities? Answer: As the object moves to the North the distance to the earth's a ...
... Consider the following: An object initially at rest with respect to the earth at 20N, where it has the same angular velocity of the earth, is taken to 30N. Question: What happens to the object's tangential and angular velocities? Answer: As the object moves to the North the distance to the earth's a ...
pressure gradient force
... – Air converges toward low pressure centers, cyclones are characterized by ascending air which cools to form clouds and possibly precipitation ...
... – Air converges toward low pressure centers, cyclones are characterized by ascending air which cools to form clouds and possibly precipitation ...
Pressure Essentials
... – Air converges toward low pressure centers, cyclones are characterized by ascending air which cools to form clouds and possibly precipitation • In the upper atmosphere, ridges correspond to surface anticyclones while troughs correspond to surface cyclones ...
... – Air converges toward low pressure centers, cyclones are characterized by ascending air which cools to form clouds and possibly precipitation • In the upper atmosphere, ridges correspond to surface anticyclones while troughs correspond to surface cyclones ...
Stacking up the Atmosphere
... •The top of anvil-shaped thunderheads are formed at the lower limits of the stratosphere because the cool air comes in contact with the warmer air and will not rise any further. •Commercial jets frequently fly in the lower stratosphere to avoid turbulence from the winds and clouds in the troposphere ...
... •The top of anvil-shaped thunderheads are formed at the lower limits of the stratosphere because the cool air comes in contact with the warmer air and will not rise any further. •Commercial jets frequently fly in the lower stratosphere to avoid turbulence from the winds and clouds in the troposphere ...
The State of Atmosphere Stability and Instability Effects on Air Quality
... changes in temperature with changes in altitude are called adiabatic processes and they determine the state of the atmosphere, or the stability or instability of the atmosphere. But at first we should be familiar with few concepts of fundamental physical meteorology such as temperature, pressure, de ...
... changes in temperature with changes in altitude are called adiabatic processes and they determine the state of the atmosphere, or the stability or instability of the atmosphere. But at first we should be familiar with few concepts of fundamental physical meteorology such as temperature, pressure, de ...
01 - the role of national meteorological services in the p…
... • Current information. Provision of information on the current state of the atmosphere, oceans or surface land and water; • Future information. Provision of forecasts (or “predictions”, “outlooks” etc) of future conditions, especially warnings of severe, or otherwise adverse, weather and climate eve ...
... • Current information. Provision of information on the current state of the atmosphere, oceans or surface land and water; • Future information. Provision of forecasts (or “predictions”, “outlooks” etc) of future conditions, especially warnings of severe, or otherwise adverse, weather and climate eve ...
to read assignment WORD format
... labeled as TParcel below). Meteorologists use the lifted index to access the stability of the atmosphere. Note the lifted index was not covered in the reading material or during lecture. Use the simple definition of lifted index given below. ...
... labeled as TParcel below). Meteorologists use the lifted index to access the stability of the atmosphere. Note the lifted index was not covered in the reading material or during lecture. Use the simple definition of lifted index given below. ...
En Route Weather Depiction Benefits of the NEXRAD Vertically
... able to sample the development region for new cells (15-20 kft) within approximately 90 miles of the radar. Therefore, any sampling by the BREF of convection as it first develops can only be done with lower quality1, long-range data (Note: WARP takes the maximum of any radar covering a region, so ne ...
... able to sample the development region for new cells (15-20 kft) within approximately 90 miles of the radar. Therefore, any sampling by the BREF of convection as it first develops can only be done with lower quality1, long-range data (Note: WARP takes the maximum of any radar covering a region, so ne ...
5.2 EN ROUTE WEATHER DEPICTION BENEFITS OF THE NEXRAD VERTICALLY
... able to sample the development region for new cells (15-20 kft) within approximately 90 miles of the radar. Therefore, any sampling by the BREF of convection as it first develops can only be done with lower quality1, long-range data (Note: WARP takes the maximum of any radar covering a region, so ne ...
... able to sample the development region for new cells (15-20 kft) within approximately 90 miles of the radar. Therefore, any sampling by the BREF of convection as it first develops can only be done with lower quality1, long-range data (Note: WARP takes the maximum of any radar covering a region, so ne ...
MESONET WEATHER CAMP
... Oklahoma during June was no match for the extreme heat and wind that was so prevalent for much of the month. The statewide average rainfall total for June was 1.17 inches, more than 3 inches below normal and the fourth driest June on record dating back to 1895. Southwestern Oklahoma suffered through ...
... Oklahoma during June was no match for the extreme heat and wind that was so prevalent for much of the month. The statewide average rainfall total for June was 1.17 inches, more than 3 inches below normal and the fourth driest June on record dating back to 1895. Southwestern Oklahoma suffered through ...
Creating Clouds - Passport to Knowledge
... These related activities invite students first to create clouds through a simple but still impressive procedure and then to venture outside to study clouds in the real world with a new appreciation for how they form. ...
... These related activities invite students first to create clouds through a simple but still impressive procedure and then to venture outside to study clouds in the real world with a new appreciation for how they form. ...
Click here to chapter 5
... the environments in which they appear. Airflow, on the other hand, includes both the horizontal and vertical movement of air. Wind is largely horizontal airflow, though many winds also have a vertical component. Atmospheric circulation is a more comprehensive way of looking at wind and air flow, sin ...
... the environments in which they appear. Airflow, on the other hand, includes both the horizontal and vertical movement of air. Wind is largely horizontal airflow, though many winds also have a vertical component. Atmospheric circulation is a more comprehensive way of looking at wind and air flow, sin ...
The Earth`s Atmosphere-I
... The Cl-catalyzed O3 depletion can take place in the gas phase, but it is dramatically enhanced in the presence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The PSCs form during extreme cold winter. Low T at pole form cloud particles and are composed by nitric acid (Type I PSC) or Ice (Type II PSC). Both ty ...
... The Cl-catalyzed O3 depletion can take place in the gas phase, but it is dramatically enhanced in the presence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). The PSCs form during extreme cold winter. Low T at pole form cloud particles and are composed by nitric acid (Type I PSC) or Ice (Type II PSC). Both ty ...
Layers of the atmosphere article
... Although the thermosphere is considered part of Earth's atmosphere, the air density is so low in this layer that most of the thermosphere is what we normally think of as outer space. In fact, the most common definition says that space begins at an altitude of 100 km (62 miles), slightly above the me ...
... Although the thermosphere is considered part of Earth's atmosphere, the air density is so low in this layer that most of the thermosphere is what we normally think of as outer space. In fact, the most common definition says that space begins at an altitude of 100 km (62 miles), slightly above the me ...
Fronts and Weather Systems Air Masses
... Air is comprised of many different kinds of particles. Each of these particles has a tiny mass but there are so many particles that make up the air that together, they weigh a lot! Air does have weight. It is hard to imagine something that we cannot see as having weight, but it is true. How much doe ...
... Air is comprised of many different kinds of particles. Each of these particles has a tiny mass but there are so many particles that make up the air that together, they weigh a lot! Air does have weight. It is hard to imagine something that we cannot see as having weight, but it is true. How much doe ...
CHAPTER 15 MS Earth`s Atmosphere
... Energy from the sun heats the air in Earth’s atmosphere. You might predict that air temperature would increase steadily with altitude. After all, the higher you go, the closer you are to the sun. But it’s not that simple. • Besides the sun, what might heat up the atmosphere? ...
... Energy from the sun heats the air in Earth’s atmosphere. You might predict that air temperature would increase steadily with altitude. After all, the higher you go, the closer you are to the sun. But it’s not that simple. • Besides the sun, what might heat up the atmosphere? ...
Jet Stream Activity Packet Handout
... stream and the polar-front jet stream (also known as the polar jet stream and often just the jet stream). The subtropical jet stream is found between the tropical and middle latitude atmospheric circulations. Although not as clearly related to surface weather features as its polar counterpart, the s ...
... stream and the polar-front jet stream (also known as the polar jet stream and often just the jet stream). The subtropical jet stream is found between the tropical and middle latitude atmospheric circulations. Although not as clearly related to surface weather features as its polar counterpart, the s ...
Coriolis Effect
... •A look at the major deserts •Wet and dry seasons in the tropics •Mid-latitude Circulation •Polar Front •Roaring 40s in SH •Geostrophic Flow: When PGF = Coriolis “Force” •Upper-level westerlies – jet stream ...
... •A look at the major deserts •Wet and dry seasons in the tropics •Mid-latitude Circulation •Polar Front •Roaring 40s in SH •Geostrophic Flow: When PGF = Coriolis “Force” •Upper-level westerlies – jet stream ...
This Week (5)
... •A look at the major deserts •Wet and dry seasons in the tropics •Mid-latitude Circulation •Polar Front •Roaring 40s in SH •Geostrophic Flow: When PGF = Coriolis “Force” •Upper-level westerlies – jet stream ...
... •A look at the major deserts •Wet and dry seasons in the tropics •Mid-latitude Circulation •Polar Front •Roaring 40s in SH •Geostrophic Flow: When PGF = Coriolis “Force” •Upper-level westerlies – jet stream ...
Weather
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, to the degree that it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. Weather, seen from an anthropological perspective, is something all humans in the world constantly experience through their senses, at least while being outside. There are socially and scientifically constructed understandings of what weather is, what makes it change, the effect it has on humans in different situations, etc. Therefore, weather is something people often communicate about.Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere, just below the stratosphere. Weather generally refers to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the statistics of atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. When used without qualification, ""weather"" is generally understood to mean the weather of Earth.Weather is driven by air pressure (temperature and moisture) differences between one place and another. These pressure and temperature differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the jet stream. Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually range ±40 °C (−40 °F to 100 °F) annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earth's orbit can affect the amount and distribution of solar energy received by the Earth, thus influencing long-term climate and global climate change.Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences. Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to differences in compressional heating. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. The system is a chaotic system; so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout human history, and there is evidence that human activities such as agriculture and industry have modified weather patterns.Studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiter's Great Red Spot, is an anticyclonic storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies. A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind.