Pathophysiology of imunity
... • Autoantibodies are also produced by healthy individuals, particularly by the elderly. This is one of the mechanisms responsible for the ageing process (due to a deterioration of tolerance to self-antigens) • Yonger healthy individuals may produce autoantibodies without the development of overt aut ...
... • Autoantibodies are also produced by healthy individuals, particularly by the elderly. This is one of the mechanisms responsible for the ageing process (due to a deterioration of tolerance to self-antigens) • Yonger healthy individuals may produce autoantibodies without the development of overt aut ...
Echinococcus granulosus
... Higher percentages of infection were in livers (39.3%) than in lungs (32.5%) and other viscera [2.2%]. The general fertility rate of examined cysts was 27.71%; cysts of camel origin were the most fertile (66.6%), followed by those of goats (29.41%) and sheep (15.51%); that of cattle was 0% (Omar et ...
... Higher percentages of infection were in livers (39.3%) than in lungs (32.5%) and other viscera [2.2%]. The general fertility rate of examined cysts was 27.71%; cysts of camel origin were the most fertile (66.6%), followed by those of goats (29.41%) and sheep (15.51%); that of cattle was 0% (Omar et ...
Immune System Guided Notes
... _______________________________________ stop activity of immune cells after infection is over ...
... _______________________________________ stop activity of immune cells after infection is over ...
7.5 Immune response – questions and answers Q1. Bk Ch7 S7.6 Q1
... Active immunity involves the body producing antibodies in response to the presence of a foreign antigen. Passive immunity occurs when antibodies specific to a particular pathogen are injected into a person rather than the person producing the antibodies. Active immunity is long lasting because the b ...
... Active immunity involves the body producing antibodies in response to the presence of a foreign antigen. Passive immunity occurs when antibodies specific to a particular pathogen are injected into a person rather than the person producing the antibodies. Active immunity is long lasting because the b ...
0-AB system of antigens
... Rh-system In comparison with the 0-A-B system, there is one major difference: In the 0-A-B system agglutinins develop spontaneously, while in the Rh-system spontaneous agglutinins almost never occur. A person must be massively exposed to an Rh antigen, before enough agglutinins are produced to caus ...
... Rh-system In comparison with the 0-A-B system, there is one major difference: In the 0-A-B system agglutinins develop spontaneously, while in the Rh-system spontaneous agglutinins almost never occur. A person must be massively exposed to an Rh antigen, before enough agglutinins are produced to caus ...
Antigen-Antibody Interaction
... soluble antibody of the same specificity as the cells receptor, and (2) remembering and refining the cells receptor as a clone of cells for future exposure to the antigen. A single has many Ig receptors, as many as 104 or 105 [7], [13] (page 34). Not all B-lymphocyte have surface bound Ig (typically ...
... soluble antibody of the same specificity as the cells receptor, and (2) remembering and refining the cells receptor as a clone of cells for future exposure to the antigen. A single has many Ig receptors, as many as 104 or 105 [7], [13] (page 34). Not all B-lymphocyte have surface bound Ig (typically ...
Document
... • Evidence for the importance of AICD in maintenance of self-tolerance: – Mice with mutations in Fas or Fas ligand develop a lupus-like autoimmune disease – Humans with mutations in Fas or enzymes involved in death receptor-induced apoptosis (caspases): the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (A ...
... • Evidence for the importance of AICD in maintenance of self-tolerance: – Mice with mutations in Fas or Fas ligand develop a lupus-like autoimmune disease – Humans with mutations in Fas or enzymes involved in death receptor-induced apoptosis (caspases): the autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (A ...
الشريحة 1
... After ABO, the Rh system is the second most important system. This is because: The D antigen is extremely immunogenic. It causes the production of anti-D in 50 - 70% of Rh(D) negative people who are exposed to the D antigen. Moreover, anti-D is the most common cause of severe HDN and can cause in Ut ...
... After ABO, the Rh system is the second most important system. This is because: The D antigen is extremely immunogenic. It causes the production of anti-D in 50 - 70% of Rh(D) negative people who are exposed to the D antigen. Moreover, anti-D is the most common cause of severe HDN and can cause in Ut ...
PowerPoint bemutató - Department of Immunology
... Ectopic expression of FOXP3 in naive mouse CD4+ T-cells confers suppressive activity and induces the expression of Treg-associated signature molecules such as CD25, CTLA4 and GITR. Expression of these receptors also correlates with FOXP3 expression in human CD4+ T-cells. ...
... Ectopic expression of FOXP3 in naive mouse CD4+ T-cells confers suppressive activity and induces the expression of Treg-associated signature molecules such as CD25, CTLA4 and GITR. Expression of these receptors also correlates with FOXP3 expression in human CD4+ T-cells. ...
File
... Each B lymphocyte clone produces a specific antibody molecule that will recognise a specific antigen surface molecule on a pathogen or toxin Antigen-antibody complexes may inactivate a pathogen or toxin or render it more susceptible to phagocytosis In other cases, antigen-antibody complex stimulated ...
... Each B lymphocyte clone produces a specific antibody molecule that will recognise a specific antigen surface molecule on a pathogen or toxin Antigen-antibody complexes may inactivate a pathogen or toxin or render it more susceptible to phagocytosis In other cases, antigen-antibody complex stimulated ...
8 Immunology
... As the immune response ensues, the class switches to IgG, IgA or IgE This phenomenon is also accompanied by affinity maturation Both of these events require T cell help ...
... As the immune response ensues, the class switches to IgG, IgA or IgE This phenomenon is also accompanied by affinity maturation Both of these events require T cell help ...
Blood Groups & Blood Transfusion
... On mismatched blood transfusion, the anti-A or anti-B plasma agglutinins are mixed with red blood cells that contain A or B agglutinogens, as IgM has 10 binding sites and IgG has 2 binding sites, a single agglutinin can binds to 2 or more RBCs at the same time causing the cells to bind together by a ...
... On mismatched blood transfusion, the anti-A or anti-B plasma agglutinins are mixed with red blood cells that contain A or B agglutinogens, as IgM has 10 binding sites and IgG has 2 binding sites, a single agglutinin can binds to 2 or more RBCs at the same time causing the cells to bind together by a ...
Chapter 23
... The reaction resembles the topoisomerase-like resolution reaction that occurs in transposition. It proceeds through a hairpin intermediate at the coding end. o Opening of the hairpin is responsible for insertion of extra bases (P nucleotides) in the recombined gene. Deoxynucleoside transferase inser ...
... The reaction resembles the topoisomerase-like resolution reaction that occurs in transposition. It proceeds through a hairpin intermediate at the coding end. o Opening of the hairpin is responsible for insertion of extra bases (P nucleotides) in the recombined gene. Deoxynucleoside transferase inser ...
PPT - Ringwood Biology
... This triggers the release of cytokines from the T cell. Once the cytokines are released the helper T cell no longer binds to the B cell. helper T cell binds to antigen complex on B cell ...
... This triggers the release of cytokines from the T cell. Once the cytokines are released the helper T cell no longer binds to the B cell. helper T cell binds to antigen complex on B cell ...
CA ST YOUR NET: AD VENTURES WITH BLOOD
... Even though blood has been studied for thousands of years, the discovery of the ABO blood types was not made until the 20th century. In 1901, Dr. Karl Landsteiner identified the ABO blood group. Landsteiner found that there are four possible blood types within the ABO blood group and these blood typ ...
... Even though blood has been studied for thousands of years, the discovery of the ABO blood types was not made until the 20th century. In 1901, Dr. Karl Landsteiner identified the ABO blood group. Landsteiner found that there are four possible blood types within the ABO blood group and these blood typ ...
Antibodies
... 2. Macrophages engulf the microbes by phagocytosis • Digested microbes enter the lymph and are destroyed. • Ab can cause microbes to clump making them ...
... 2. Macrophages engulf the microbes by phagocytosis • Digested microbes enter the lymph and are destroyed. • Ab can cause microbes to clump making them ...
Question bank-6 –B-cell activation Q1 Explain briefly the fallowing
... cells crucial to nonspecific immune responses are intimately involved in activating the specific immune response. 2. various soluble factors produced by a specific immune response have been shown to augment the activity of these phagocytic cells. As an inflammatory response develops, for example, so ...
... cells crucial to nonspecific immune responses are intimately involved in activating the specific immune response. 2. various soluble factors produced by a specific immune response have been shown to augment the activity of these phagocytic cells. As an inflammatory response develops, for example, so ...
Antigens
... erythrocytes of animals and man. At first it was established that in human erythrocytes there are two antigens (A and B), and in the sera — beta- and alphaantibodies. Only heterogenic antigens and antibodies (agglutinins) can be found in human blood. On the basis of antigenic structure the erythrocy ...
... erythrocytes of animals and man. At first it was established that in human erythrocytes there are two antigens (A and B), and in the sera — beta- and alphaantibodies. Only heterogenic antigens and antibodies (agglutinins) can be found in human blood. On the basis of antigenic structure the erythrocy ...
antigens????
... Clonal selection occurs in a similar manner for T cell-mediated immune memory (the following events are fictional - any resemblance to Historical characters is just coincidence - no B cells or Pathogens were actually harmed in the making of this animation. ...
... Clonal selection occurs in a similar manner for T cell-mediated immune memory (the following events are fictional - any resemblance to Historical characters is just coincidence - no B cells or Pathogens were actually harmed in the making of this animation. ...
Blood group change in acute myeloid leukemia
... functioning of two glycosyl transferases. The first enzyme, H transferase, adds L-fucose to the terminal galactose of the precursor substance. The H substance is then acted on by the A or B transferases that add an N-acetyl galactosamine or a galactose, respectively. There are two possible mechanisms ...
... functioning of two glycosyl transferases. The first enzyme, H transferase, adds L-fucose to the terminal galactose of the precursor substance. The H substance is then acted on by the A or B transferases that add an N-acetyl galactosamine or a galactose, respectively. There are two possible mechanisms ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • During development, recombination causes only the selected V and D genes to be active in the mature cell. • Once synthesized, immunoglobulin is transported to cell membrane and inserted there to act as a receptor. ...
... • During development, recombination causes only the selected V and D genes to be active in the mature cell. • Once synthesized, immunoglobulin is transported to cell membrane and inserted there to act as a receptor. ...
Specific immune response
... The sources of this diversity are both the combinatorial association of short gene segments encoding variable-region genes and the high rate of introduction of somatic mutations into the recombined genes. The light-chain gene (on chromosome 2) includes an array of 40 segments V that encode the var ...
... The sources of this diversity are both the combinatorial association of short gene segments encoding variable-region genes and the high rate of introduction of somatic mutations into the recombined genes. The light-chain gene (on chromosome 2) includes an array of 40 segments V that encode the var ...