development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are ...
... expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are ...
development and plasticity of cortical areas and networks
... expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are ...
... expression in the neuroepithelium of different cortical areas might regulate the initial arealization of the neocortex. For example, Pax6 is usually expressed in a lowcaudomedial–high-rostrolateral gradient28,29. In Pax6 homozygous mutants, caudolateral areas are expanded and rostrolateral areas are ...
ChennWalshCeCortexJu..
... expansion of the size of the subventricular zone. Deep to the cerebral cortex, transgenic brains show large aggregates of neurons that are never seen in normal brains. These new neuronal ‘structures’ reside deep to the cerebral cortex, but apparently distinct from the underlying striatum (Figs 3 and ...
... expansion of the size of the subventricular zone. Deep to the cerebral cortex, transgenic brains show large aggregates of neurons that are never seen in normal brains. These new neuronal ‘structures’ reside deep to the cerebral cortex, but apparently distinct from the underlying striatum (Figs 3 and ...
Anatomical and physiological bases of consciousness and sleep
... attention, wakefulness, REM sleep -Cholinergic structures of basal forebrain project to a. the cerebral cortex –regulation of behavioral functions, including cortical arousal, wakefulness, sensory processing, learning and memory b. Reticular nucleus of thalamus other thalamic nuclei– modulate activi ...
... attention, wakefulness, REM sleep -Cholinergic structures of basal forebrain project to a. the cerebral cortex –regulation of behavioral functions, including cortical arousal, wakefulness, sensory processing, learning and memory b. Reticular nucleus of thalamus other thalamic nuclei– modulate activi ...
Insular cortex – review
... about the nature of the taste. Brain imaging also showed reduced activity in the primary gustatory cortex. Similar study referring on the modulation of our taste perception while expecting to detect taste16 involved human subjects trying to detect taste in tasteless solution. The primary gustatory c ...
... about the nature of the taste. Brain imaging also showed reduced activity in the primary gustatory cortex. Similar study referring on the modulation of our taste perception while expecting to detect taste16 involved human subjects trying to detect taste in tasteless solution. The primary gustatory c ...
CORTICAL AFFERENT INPUT TO THE PRINCIPALS REGION OF THE RHESUS MONKEY H.
... discrimination.3JI'81'94 Because of its anatomic connections and physiologic properties, the dorsolateral cortex has hitherto been considered as a large polymodal region. However, very few dorsolateral neurons are truly polysensory, with the majority responding either to visual or auditory stimuli, ...
... discrimination.3JI'81'94 Because of its anatomic connections and physiologic properties, the dorsolateral cortex has hitherto been considered as a large polymodal region. However, very few dorsolateral neurons are truly polysensory, with the majority responding either to visual or auditory stimuli, ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
Document
... There are two major visual projection pathways from the retina to the cerebral cortex in the cat: one of these is the geniculo-striate system, which conveys information to the primary visual cortex by way of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The other is the extrageniculo-extrastriate system, in which ...
... There are two major visual projection pathways from the retina to the cerebral cortex in the cat: one of these is the geniculo-striate system, which conveys information to the primary visual cortex by way of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The other is the extrageniculo-extrastriate system, in which ...
Brain Tumor Classification Using Wavelet and Texture
... classification. Discrete Wavelet Transform is first employed using Daubechies wavelet (db4), for decomposing the MR image into different levels of approximate and detailed coefficients and then the gray level co-occurrence matrix is formed, from which the texture statistics such as energy, contrast, ...
... classification. Discrete Wavelet Transform is first employed using Daubechies wavelet (db4), for decomposing the MR image into different levels of approximate and detailed coefficients and then the gray level co-occurrence matrix is formed, from which the texture statistics such as energy, contrast, ...
Visual behaviour mediated by retinal projections directed to the
... ®elds; in these trials, animals were rewarded at either spoutÐthat is, they received a reward even when they went to the incorrect spout. Subsequently, we lesioned the remaining visual thalamic nuclei in the rewired (left) hemisphereÐthe lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and lateral posterior nucleus ...
... ®elds; in these trials, animals were rewarded at either spoutÐthat is, they received a reward even when they went to the incorrect spout. Subsequently, we lesioned the remaining visual thalamic nuclei in the rewired (left) hemisphereÐthe lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and lateral posterior nucleus ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... according to their preferred or ‘best’ frequency. In contrast, neurons in non-primary areas can differ in their frequency organization, response latencies, and spatial and spectral integration properties. Indeed, systematic variations in these response properties have been used as a basis for segreg ...
... according to their preferred or ‘best’ frequency. In contrast, neurons in non-primary areas can differ in their frequency organization, response latencies, and spatial and spectral integration properties. Indeed, systematic variations in these response properties have been used as a basis for segreg ...
Balancing the brain: resting state networks and deep brain stimulation
... The intrinsic activity of the human brain must be closely related to the large-scale anatomical connectivity between brain regions. Techniques such diffusion spectrum imaging and graph theory have revealed that the human brain exhibits a special kind of topology known as small-world architecture (Wa ...
... The intrinsic activity of the human brain must be closely related to the large-scale anatomical connectivity between brain regions. Techniques such diffusion spectrum imaging and graph theory have revealed that the human brain exhibits a special kind of topology known as small-world architecture (Wa ...
Cortical Functions Reference
... the contralateral side of the body (facial palsy, arm-/ leg monoparesis, hemiparesis). Notes According to functional neuroimaging techniques area 4 participates in three different groups of functions: Motor, somatosensory, and “others” (“verbal encoding during a non-semantic process”, “attention to ...
... the contralateral side of the body (facial palsy, arm-/ leg monoparesis, hemiparesis). Notes According to functional neuroimaging techniques area 4 participates in three different groups of functions: Motor, somatosensory, and “others” (“verbal encoding during a non-semantic process”, “attention to ...
Parietal Cortex and Hippocampal Contributions to RuleBased
... The first major discovery of spatial mapping in the brain occurred in 1971, when John O’Keefe found a special cell with a unique firing pattern in a part of the brain called the hippocampus. These cells, later called place cells, were found to fire when a rat was in a particular place in its envir ...
... The first major discovery of spatial mapping in the brain occurred in 1971, when John O’Keefe found a special cell with a unique firing pattern in a part of the brain called the hippocampus. These cells, later called place cells, were found to fire when a rat was in a particular place in its envir ...
Identifying Hallmarks of Consciousness in Non-Mammalian
... when consciousness of an object was reported (Srinavisan et al., 1998). In general, these results implicate the thalamocortical system in the generation of conscious states. In addition, evidence from strokes and destruction of brain regions has indicated that structures such as the thalamocortical ...
... when consciousness of an object was reported (Srinavisan et al., 1998). In general, these results implicate the thalamocortical system in the generation of conscious states. In addition, evidence from strokes and destruction of brain regions has indicated that structures such as the thalamocortical ...
An Intracranial EEG Study of the Neural Dynamics of Musical
... 2008). Indeed, some have suggested a dependence of processing latency on factors such as the extent to which the stimulus’s valence is attended to (Krolak-Salmon et al. 2004) and the degree of expertise the participant has with the stimulus (James et al. 2008). However, while for instance, Streit et ...
... 2008). Indeed, some have suggested a dependence of processing latency on factors such as the extent to which the stimulus’s valence is attended to (Krolak-Salmon et al. 2004) and the degree of expertise the participant has with the stimulus (James et al. 2008). However, while for instance, Streit et ...
Science - Princeton University
... pulvinar ( 4 ) , strongly suggest that this tissue receives and processes visual information from both the ipsilateral and the contralateral occipital lobes (15) and, perhaps, from the pulvinar as well. Thus, inferotemporal cortex may be an integrating mechanism for information about "what the stimu ...
... pulvinar ( 4 ) , strongly suggest that this tissue receives and processes visual information from both the ipsilateral and the contralateral occipital lobes (15) and, perhaps, from the pulvinar as well. Thus, inferotemporal cortex may be an integrating mechanism for information about "what the stimu ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral
... signifies that a consensus has been achieved for only a minority of the visual areas illustrated in Figure 2. Several well-defined areas (V1, V2, V4, and MT) are shown by individualized colors in Figure 2; others are included as part of a regional coloring pattern that includes six clusters discusse ...
... signifies that a consensus has been achieved for only a minority of the visual areas illustrated in Figure 2. Several well-defined areas (V1, V2, V4, and MT) are shown by individualized colors in Figure 2; others are included as part of a regional coloring pattern that includes six clusters discusse ...
Temporal and spatial neural dynamics in the perception of basic
... sadness and happiness may involve a slower unfolding over time than that of fear or disgust (Fredrickson, 1998; Baumeister et al., 2001). Aside from its theoretical relevance, including the time element in our current understanding of emotions can also yield new discoveries about how emotions are re ...
... sadness and happiness may involve a slower unfolding over time than that of fear or disgust (Fredrickson, 1998; Baumeister et al., 2001). Aside from its theoretical relevance, including the time element in our current understanding of emotions can also yield new discoveries about how emotions are re ...
(1996). "A multi-threshold neural network for frequency estimation,"
... Changing the steepness and position of the sigmoidal tanh(:) allows the simulation of a range of neural responses with various onset and saturation thresholds, and these nonlinear responses will attenuate or magnify various components of the sound spectrum. Fourier analysis can be used to nd the th ...
... Changing the steepness and position of the sigmoidal tanh(:) allows the simulation of a range of neural responses with various onset and saturation thresholds, and these nonlinear responses will attenuate or magnify various components of the sound spectrum. Fourier analysis can be used to nd the th ...
lecture 13 - McLoon Lab - University of Minnesota
... The flow of information from the thalamus to cortex is gated by inputs from the brainstem reticular activating system and the cortex via the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. ...
... The flow of information from the thalamus to cortex is gated by inputs from the brainstem reticular activating system and the cortex via the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. ...
On the Prediction Methods Using Neural Networks
... prediction the most used being discussed in that follows. The iterated prediction method is the most common method and consists in training a predictor for the single step prediction, predictor that is subsequently used recursively for the corresponding multi step ahead problem. The outputs correspo ...
... prediction the most used being discussed in that follows. The iterated prediction method is the most common method and consists in training a predictor for the single step prediction, predictor that is subsequently used recursively for the corresponding multi step ahead problem. The outputs correspo ...
Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Auditory Cortex Is an NMDA
... generated by a temporo-prefrontal network including auditory cortex. • This claim implies that auditory cortex units themselves play an integral role in novelty detection as indexed by the MMN. ...
... generated by a temporo-prefrontal network including auditory cortex. • This claim implies that auditory cortex units themselves play an integral role in novelty detection as indexed by the MMN. ...
Commentary: Saccadic eye movements
... the control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements. The superficial layers of the SC contain neurons that receive direct retinal inputs as well as inputs from other visual areas (Robinson and McClurkin, 1989). These visual neurons are organized into a visual map of the contralateral visual he ...
... the control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements. The superficial layers of the SC contain neurons that receive direct retinal inputs as well as inputs from other visual areas (Robinson and McClurkin, 1989). These visual neurons are organized into a visual map of the contralateral visual he ...
Cortical cooling
Neuroscientists generate various studies to help explain many of the complex connections and functions of the brain. Most studies utilize animal models that have varying degrees of comparison to the human brain; for example, small rodents are less comparable than non-human primates. One of the most definitive ways of determining which sections of the brain contribute to certain behavior or function is to deactivate a section of the brain and observe what behavior is altered. Investigators have a wide range of options for deactivating neural tissue, and one of the more recently developed methods being used is deactivation through cooling. Cortical cooling refers to the cooling methods restricted to the cerebral cortex, where most higher brain processes occur. Below is a list of current cooling methods, their advantages and limitations, and some studies that have used cooling to elucidate neural functions.