Large Area Cascaded Gas Electron Multipliers for
... 1. Introduction The use of gas counters for radiation detection was introduced by Geiger in 1908. The classic gas counters were constituted basically by two electrodes where a potential difference is applied. The interaction of the ionizing radiation with the gas leads to the production of electron ...
... 1. Introduction The use of gas counters for radiation detection was introduced by Geiger in 1908. The classic gas counters were constituted basically by two electrodes where a potential difference is applied. The interaction of the ionizing radiation with the gas leads to the production of electron ...
Ion Shading Effects during Metal Etch in Plasma Processing
... ion orbits inside trenches were done in order to verify Hashimoto’s hypothesis of damage induced during plasma processing. In his well accepted theory, Hashimoto proposed a mechanism for electron shading damage, whereby the photoresist at the tops of trenches and vias collect a negative charge from ...
... ion orbits inside trenches were done in order to verify Hashimoto’s hypothesis of damage induced during plasma processing. In his well accepted theory, Hashimoto proposed a mechanism for electron shading damage, whereby the photoresist at the tops of trenches and vias collect a negative charge from ...
Plasma properties in high power impulse magnetron sputtering Daniel Lundin
... are needed to evaporate the different constituents and make them react in the gas phase on a surface. This means that several applications are excluded due to the risk of melting and/or damaging the object to be coated (in thin film deposition we usually call this a substrate). For example, differen ...
... are needed to evaporate the different constituents and make them react in the gas phase on a surface. This means that several applications are excluded due to the risk of melting and/or damaging the object to be coated (in thin film deposition we usually call this a substrate). For example, differen ...
Electroosmotic flow velocity measurements in a square microchannel
... electrokinetic transport is applied in the design of many microfluidic devices/systems being used today [5, 8]. Applications where such phenomena play an important role are in the cooling of microelectronics, lap-on-a-chip diagnostic devices, and in vivo drug delivery systems. In fact, electrically ...
... electrokinetic transport is applied in the design of many microfluidic devices/systems being used today [5, 8]. Applications where such phenomena play an important role are in the cooling of microelectronics, lap-on-a-chip diagnostic devices, and in vivo drug delivery systems. In fact, electrically ...
lecture notes 21
... Electromotive Force — Ohm’s Law In order to make a free electrical current flow in matter, one somehow has to push (and/or pull) on electric charges – i.e. exert a force on them. Note however, that the speed at which the electrical charges move in a conducting medium depends on the detailed microsco ...
... Electromotive Force — Ohm’s Law In order to make a free electrical current flow in matter, one somehow has to push (and/or pull) on electric charges – i.e. exert a force on them. Note however, that the speed at which the electrical charges move in a conducting medium depends on the detailed microsco ...
Physics 2220 Fall 2010 George W illiams
... A capacitor is charged to 225 volts. The value of the capacitance is 600 pF. Calculate the energy stored in this capacitor. If the electric potential in region of space is given by v = Bx 4y 2z !2, where B is the constant, calculate the y component of the electric field (including sign) at the point ...
... A capacitor is charged to 225 volts. The value of the capacitance is 600 pF. Calculate the energy stored in this capacitor. If the electric potential in region of space is given by v = Bx 4y 2z !2, where B is the constant, calculate the y component of the electric field (including sign) at the point ...
Electrostatics
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that deals with the phenomena and properties of stationary or slow-moving electric charges with no acceleration.Since classical physics, it has been known that some materials such as amber attract lightweight particles after rubbing. The Greek word for amber, ήλεκτρον electron, was the source of the word 'electricity'. Electrostatic phenomena arise from the forces that electric charges exert on each other. Such forces are described by Coulomb's law.Even though electrostatically induced forces seem to be rather weak, the electrostatic force between e.g. an electron and a proton, that together make up a hydrogen atom, is about 36 orders of magnitude stronger than the gravitational force acting between them.There are many examples of electrostatic phenomena, from those as simple as the attraction of the plastic wrap to your hand after you remove it from a package, and the attraction of paper to a charged scale, to the apparently spontaneous explosion of grain silos, the damage of electronic components during manufacturing, and the operation of photocopiers. Electrostatics involves the buildup of charge on the surface of objects due to contact with other surfaces. Although charge exchange happens whenever any two surfaces contact and separate, the effects of charge exchange are usually only noticed when at least one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical flow. This is because the charges that transfer to or from the highly resistive surface are more or less trapped there for a long enough time for their effects to be observed. These charges then remain on the object until they either bleed off to ground or are quickly neutralized by a discharge: e.g., the familiar phenomenon of a static 'shock' is caused by the neutralization of charge built up in the body from contact with insulated surfaces.