Geography, trade and regional development
... reached 12.7% and 41.1% respectively in 2007 (OECD, various years). At the root of these transformations were a number of factors. In the case of the EURO zone economic integration was an important factor. Of more general importance however were gaping global disparities in wealth and income. These ...
... reached 12.7% and 41.1% respectively in 2007 (OECD, various years). At the root of these transformations were a number of factors. In the case of the EURO zone economic integration was an important factor. Of more general importance however were gaping global disparities in wealth and income. These ...
Questioning the Individual under Capitalism: Alienation and
... The loss of human values by individuals, who act by themselves with self-seeking and hedonistic motivation, i.e. their dehumanization, can be described as the unintended consequence of rationality, which is the prerequisite of the capitalist development process. In other words, in Marx and Weber, th ...
... The loss of human values by individuals, who act by themselves with self-seeking and hedonistic motivation, i.e. their dehumanization, can be described as the unintended consequence of rationality, which is the prerequisite of the capitalist development process. In other words, in Marx and Weber, th ...
Approaching the History of Economic Thought - Rose
... Glaucon and the rest entreated me by all means not to let the question drop, but to proceed in the investigation. They wanted to arrive at the truth, first, about the nature of justice and injustice, and secondly, about their relative advantages. I told them, what I really thought – that the enquiry ...
... Glaucon and the rest entreated me by all means not to let the question drop, but to proceed in the investigation. They wanted to arrive at the truth, first, about the nature of justice and injustice, and secondly, about their relative advantages. I told them, what I really thought – that the enquiry ...
Diminished Profitability and Welfare Decline (Reflections on the
... However, the expansion or contraction of the financial markets depends on the economic conjuncture and the (upswing or downswing) phase in capital accumulation (the phase of the economic cycle) and not on the “entrepreneurial culture” in one or the other country. It was Karl Marx who has shown, in ...
... However, the expansion or contraction of the financial markets depends on the economic conjuncture and the (upswing or downswing) phase in capital accumulation (the phase of the economic cycle) and not on the “entrepreneurial culture” in one or the other country. It was Karl Marx who has shown, in ...
Marx on capitalist crisis
... The "metamorphosis of commodities" - through sale and purchase, from commodity to money to commodity - implies that possibility. Those with money are under no immediate compulsion to buy. But if they don't, then those with commodities cannot sell. There is, not just mishap or miscalculation and over ...
... The "metamorphosis of commodities" - through sale and purchase, from commodity to money to commodity - implies that possibility. Those with money are under no immediate compulsion to buy. But if they don't, then those with commodities cannot sell. There is, not just mishap or miscalculation and over ...
PDF
... However, those who do not put aside the less useful parts of the theory or the techniques are not necessarily left without jobs. If they can master some very advanced technique for modeling economic concepts, rigorous "internal consistency" can more than make up for any lack of "external consistency ...
... However, those who do not put aside the less useful parts of the theory or the techniques are not necessarily left without jobs. If they can master some very advanced technique for modeling economic concepts, rigorous "internal consistency" can more than make up for any lack of "external consistency ...
New Growth Theory
... logic of the model, countries that exhibit similar structural parameters (savings rate, population growth) should in the long run have similar levels of income per capita. This is brought about by poor countries with a lower capital-to-labour ratio growing faster than rich countries. Alas, the propo ...
... logic of the model, countries that exhibit similar structural parameters (savings rate, population growth) should in the long run have similar levels of income per capita. This is brought about by poor countries with a lower capital-to-labour ratio growing faster than rich countries. Alas, the propo ...
Thirty Years of Chinese Reform --- Transition from
... market cost, so they still maintain the capital intensive technical structure which has a higher cost and which is inconsistent with Chinese resource endowment structure”. Thereby, quite a good many unsatisfactory consequences are resulted, such as irrational industrial structure, serious loss of an ...
... market cost, so they still maintain the capital intensive technical structure which has a higher cost and which is inconsistent with Chinese resource endowment structure”. Thereby, quite a good many unsatisfactory consequences are resulted, such as irrational industrial structure, serious loss of an ...
Principles of Economics, Case and Fair,9e
... Issues in Economic Development Population Growth The populations of the developing nations are estimated to be growing at about 1.7 percent per year. Concern over world population growth is not new. The Reverend Thomas Malthus (who became England’s first professor of political economy) expressed his ...
... Issues in Economic Development Population Growth The populations of the developing nations are estimated to be growing at about 1.7 percent per year. Concern over world population growth is not new. The Reverend Thomas Malthus (who became England’s first professor of political economy) expressed his ...
the roots of the present crisis in the soviet economy i
... planned conscious allocation of resources always implies a deliberate choice of priorities. The realization of these priorities can only be implemented at the price of not satisfying other needs. Exactly the same thing happens in a market economy. No neoliberal economist or ideologue will deny that ...
... planned conscious allocation of resources always implies a deliberate choice of priorities. The realization of these priorities can only be implemented at the price of not satisfying other needs. Exactly the same thing happens in a market economy. No neoliberal economist or ideologue will deny that ...
MARX, CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND THE PROBLEM
... and that the economy can be reduced to subjective choices between different subjective uses . Structural changes are merely external facts, which the theory takes as presuppositions : but it does not study them or explain how and why they arise . Schumpeter could therefore note that "the great refor ...
... and that the economy can be reduced to subjective choices between different subjective uses . Structural changes are merely external facts, which the theory takes as presuppositions : but it does not study them or explain how and why they arise . Schumpeter could therefore note that "the great refor ...
Economic Costs and Consequences of War
... order for the latter to take place. Under standard assumptions, the problem is that for country A that loses a war to make reparations to country B the victor, country A must reduce its expenditures by the same amount as the recipient increases theirs. Otherwise, the transfer would lead to one or th ...
... order for the latter to take place. Under standard assumptions, the problem is that for country A that loses a war to make reparations to country B the victor, country A must reduce its expenditures by the same amount as the recipient increases theirs. Otherwise, the transfer would lead to one or th ...
Marx. the state and war in international relations - DRO
... a belief that Marx had virtually nothing to say about the central concerns of the discipline. The normative basis of the discipline's foundation after World War I was an examination and understanding of the causes of wars so that lessons could be learnt which would prevent a recurrence of violence o ...
... a belief that Marx had virtually nothing to say about the central concerns of the discipline. The normative basis of the discipline's foundation after World War I was an examination and understanding of the causes of wars so that lessons could be learnt which would prevent a recurrence of violence o ...
precarious migrants: gender, race and the social
... production. Since mechanization is labour-displacing, the capitalist mode of production will systematically generate a reserve army of labour – a mass of unemployed workers – whose growth in numbers is tendentially inexhaustible. The dynamic of labour-displacing accumulation constitutes, he claims, ...
... production. Since mechanization is labour-displacing, the capitalist mode of production will systematically generate a reserve army of labour – a mass of unemployed workers – whose growth in numbers is tendentially inexhaustible. The dynamic of labour-displacing accumulation constitutes, he claims, ...
A Theoretical Examination of the Perspectives on Political Economy
... Marx theory of political economy cannot be fully grasped in isolation of his theories of history and sociology. The dialectical method of Marxist political economy grew and flourished from Marx’s dialectical and historical materialism. Thus, Marxist political economy is better understood within the ...
... Marx theory of political economy cannot be fully grasped in isolation of his theories of history and sociology. The dialectical method of Marxist political economy grew and flourished from Marx’s dialectical and historical materialism. Thus, Marxist political economy is better understood within the ...
Ten Theses on Marxism and the Transition to Socialism
... their enterprise's profits. (Thus their incomes are determined by how successfully their enterprise performs in a market environment.) To be sure, the market will have to be regulated, for reasons well recognized by all reputable economists: to block monopolistic tendencies and to compensate for ext ...
... their enterprise's profits. (Thus their incomes are determined by how successfully their enterprise performs in a market environment.) To be sure, the market will have to be regulated, for reasons well recognized by all reputable economists: to block monopolistic tendencies and to compensate for ext ...
How Capitalism Works
... Today, the economies of nations that are typically referred to as capitalist are in fact mixed economies -- they incorporate certain aspects of capitalism and certain aspects of planed economies. In pure capitalism, things like child labor laws, Social Security, anti-discriminatory hiring practices ...
... Today, the economies of nations that are typically referred to as capitalist are in fact mixed economies -- they incorporate certain aspects of capitalism and certain aspects of planed economies. In pure capitalism, things like child labor laws, Social Security, anti-discriminatory hiring practices ...
Ten Theses on Marxism and the Transition to
... populations--are abandoned to their own misery. (The income gap between rich and poor countries is estimated to have been 3:1 in 1820, 11:1 in 1913, 60:1 in 1990, 74:1 in 1997.2 The number of poor, living on less than one constant U.S. dollar a day, rose 25% between 1987 and 1999--a figure that woul ...
... populations--are abandoned to their own misery. (The income gap between rich and poor countries is estimated to have been 3:1 in 1820, 11:1 in 1913, 60:1 in 1990, 74:1 in 1997.2 The number of poor, living on less than one constant U.S. dollar a day, rose 25% between 1987 and 1999--a figure that woul ...
Five Moral Philosophies on Economic Growth
... individual happiness lies in consumption of goods and services, and that the comprehensive application of economic knowledge (with that of other social sciences) will lead to a maximum of happiness (the “social welfare”) in society. Bentham was among the most successful advocates of new government p ...
... individual happiness lies in consumption of goods and services, and that the comprehensive application of economic knowledge (with that of other social sciences) will lead to a maximum of happiness (the “social welfare”) in society. Bentham was among the most successful advocates of new government p ...
A Tale of Two Countries: Teacher Guide
... communist economy. Instead, capital for business investment is provided by the government. The government determines where people should work, what they should do at work, and how much they are to be paid. Major disadvantages of a communist economy include an over-emphasis on the production of indus ...
... communist economy. Instead, capital for business investment is provided by the government. The government determines where people should work, what they should do at work, and how much they are to be paid. Major disadvantages of a communist economy include an over-emphasis on the production of indus ...
Economic growth and human capital accumulation: a discrete
... capital was an important assumption of the first neoclassical model. Probably correct because the central role of accumulation itself fifty or sixty years ago. From this years at today, growth theorists working hard over other endogenous state variables excluded from consideration by the initial neo ...
... capital was an important assumption of the first neoclassical model. Probably correct because the central role of accumulation itself fifty or sixty years ago. From this years at today, growth theorists working hard over other endogenous state variables excluded from consideration by the initial neo ...
The Western Economic Thought and its Response from the
... carpentry-according to his or her capabilities and to the needs of the society, both of which will be determined by the guardians. The military class will be drawn from that type of men to whom the spirited element is dominant and who live for success in aggressive and courageous acts. The members o ...
... carpentry-according to his or her capabilities and to the needs of the society, both of which will be determined by the guardians. The military class will be drawn from that type of men to whom the spirited element is dominant and who live for success in aggressive and courageous acts. The members o ...
Firms, Resources and Production Functions
... one’s measurements all of the relevant inputs, one may not be able to do so adequately because of the multiple dimensions (the unavoidable qualitative aspects) of the identified factors. So, to be more specific, when one includes labor as a factor of production and endeavors to measure it by countin ...
... one’s measurements all of the relevant inputs, one may not be able to do so adequately because of the multiple dimensions (the unavoidable qualitative aspects) of the identified factors. So, to be more specific, when one includes labor as a factor of production and endeavors to measure it by countin ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... lies in developing human skills of a high grade, so that economic performance can be improved through higher labor productivity, even though it is combined with relatively scant nonhuman resources. The highly developed educational system of Denmark, for example, may be considered to have been instru ...
... lies in developing human skills of a high grade, so that economic performance can be improved through higher labor productivity, even though it is combined with relatively scant nonhuman resources. The highly developed educational system of Denmark, for example, may be considered to have been instru ...
DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
... a. disparity reduction rate, human resource development rate and the composite index. b. longevity, education and living standard. c. minimum schooling, adult literacy and tertiary educational attainment. d. human resource training, development and R&D. 56. Longevity is a proxy for ___________ in th ...
... a. disparity reduction rate, human resource development rate and the composite index. b. longevity, education and living standard. c. minimum schooling, adult literacy and tertiary educational attainment. d. human resource training, development and R&D. 56. Longevity is a proxy for ___________ in th ...