Proceedings
... 4,000€/capita on average. The main items responsible for this difference in absolute terms are non-defensive public expenditures, depletion of non-renewable energy resources and costs of climate change. Non-defensive public expenditures were calculated for France as the difference between effective ...
... 4,000€/capita on average. The main items responsible for this difference in absolute terms are non-defensive public expenditures, depletion of non-renewable energy resources and costs of climate change. Non-defensive public expenditures were calculated for France as the difference between effective ...
A Survey on Modeling Economic Growth
... pp. 1-2). While technical improvement leads to higher average labor productivity, the employment rate can only be kept constant or be raised if more goods can be distributed. Another goal, a fairer income distribution, is usually more easily achievable if there is additional income as basis for the ...
... pp. 1-2). While technical improvement leads to higher average labor productivity, the employment rate can only be kept constant or be raised if more goods can be distributed. Another goal, a fairer income distribution, is usually more easily achievable if there is additional income as basis for the ...
Economic Growth Since 1000: Recent Developments in
... There have also been important developments in the historical literature on very long run growth in the two areas outlined above: (1) In addition to the “Great Divergence” between Europe and Asia, economic historians have identified a “Little Divergence” within Europe between Britain and Holland on ...
... There have also been important developments in the historical literature on very long run growth in the two areas outlined above: (1) In addition to the “Great Divergence” between Europe and Asia, economic historians have identified a “Little Divergence” within Europe between Britain and Holland on ...
Unholy Trinity: Labor, Capital, and Land in the New Economy
... the complex systems view of the world. It does not insist that each and every component of the economy achieve its own equilibrium as part of a larger master equilibrium of the system as a whole. In fact, it is precisely from the disequilibrium behavior of individual households and firms that the Cla ...
... the complex systems view of the world. It does not insist that each and every component of the economy achieve its own equilibrium as part of a larger master equilibrium of the system as a whole. In fact, it is precisely from the disequilibrium behavior of individual households and firms that the Cla ...
View/Open
... socialistic country, some ideological factors also should be considered. To evaluate the industrialization drive in a socialistic country, the law of the priority growth of the producer goods department must be considered. Karl Marx (1976) analyzed the processes of the simple and expanded reproducti ...
... socialistic country, some ideological factors also should be considered. To evaluate the industrialization drive in a socialistic country, the law of the priority growth of the producer goods department must be considered. Karl Marx (1976) analyzed the processes of the simple and expanded reproducti ...
Responding to Classical Liberalism - wchs ss30-1
... Utopian Socialist • :is a term used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought. • the term is most often applied to those utopian socialists who lived in the first quarter of the 19th century. From the mid-19th century onwards, the other branches of socialism, most notably Marxism, ov ...
... Utopian Socialist • :is a term used to define the first currents of modern socialist thought. • the term is most often applied to those utopian socialists who lived in the first quarter of the 19th century. From the mid-19th century onwards, the other branches of socialism, most notably Marxism, ov ...
Overview of Some Alternative Methodologies for Economic Impact
... different factors, in response to the economic event being analysed. In the majority of CGE models used in Australia, firms or producers are assumed to maximise profits. In addition, product and factor markets are assumed to be competitive. Profit maximisation dictates that firms act so as to minimi ...
... different factors, in response to the economic event being analysed. In the majority of CGE models used in Australia, firms or producers are assumed to maximise profits. In addition, product and factor markets are assumed to be competitive. Profit maximisation dictates that firms act so as to minimi ...
Role of Human Capital in Economic Development: An Empirical
... Although several theories of endogenous growth point towards a positive effect of human capital on growth, empirical evidence on this issue has been mixed. Despite various efforts of the successive Nigerian governments, virtually all indices of human development especially those of health and educat ...
... Although several theories of endogenous growth point towards a positive effect of human capital on growth, empirical evidence on this issue has been mixed. Despite various efforts of the successive Nigerian governments, virtually all indices of human development especially those of health and educat ...
Economic Structure, Allocation of Human Capital
... The idea that it is not education per se that matters for growth but how it is allocated parallels an argument advanced by Hausmann et al. (2007). These authors claim that what you export matters a lot more for growth than exports generally. These ideas imply that a negative statistical relationship ...
... The idea that it is not education per se that matters for growth but how it is allocated parallels an argument advanced by Hausmann et al. (2007). These authors claim that what you export matters a lot more for growth than exports generally. These ideas imply that a negative statistical relationship ...
19.2 Determinants of Economic Growth
... ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Instructors of classes adopting EXPLORING ECONOMICS, Second Edition by Robert L. Sexton as an assigned textbook may reproduce material from this publication for classroom use or in a secure electronic network environment that prevents downloading or reproducing the copyrighted m ...
... ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Instructors of classes adopting EXPLORING ECONOMICS, Second Edition by Robert L. Sexton as an assigned textbook may reproduce material from this publication for classroom use or in a secure electronic network environment that prevents downloading or reproducing the copyrighted m ...
Introduction: How to think about economies at the macro level?
... Time is discrete,t ∈ {0, 1, 2, ...}. You can think of the period as a year, as a generation, or as any other arbitrary length of time. The economy is an isolated island. Many households live in this island. There are no markets and production is centralized. There is a benevolent dictator, or social ...
... Time is discrete,t ∈ {0, 1, 2, ...}. You can think of the period as a year, as a generation, or as any other arbitrary length of time. The economy is an isolated island. Many households live in this island. There are no markets and production is centralized. There is a benevolent dictator, or social ...
Exchanging Without Exploiting - A Critique of Karatani
... For an overview of Karatani's more important works, see Karatani 1975 (in Japanese), 1986 (in Japanese), 1989 (in Japanese), 1993 (in English) and 1995 (in English). For a useful introduction for English readers that gives a good summary of Karatani's critical interest in Japanese intellectual histo ...
... For an overview of Karatani's more important works, see Karatani 1975 (in Japanese), 1986 (in Japanese), 1989 (in Japanese), 1993 (in English) and 1995 (in English). For a useful introduction for English readers that gives a good summary of Karatani's critical interest in Japanese intellectual histo ...
Social Cohesion and Development
... From the above analysis it is understood that green growth comes through increasing the ecoefficiency of consumption and production and creating a synergy between the economy and the environment (Chung and Lee, 2005: 2). Four years later, in June 2009, the Ministerial Council Meeting of the OECD’s m ...
... From the above analysis it is understood that green growth comes through increasing the ecoefficiency of consumption and production and creating a synergy between the economy and the environment (Chung and Lee, 2005: 2). Four years later, in June 2009, the Ministerial Council Meeting of the OECD’s m ...
1 Introduction: The Sixteen-Page Economic
... Why was technological advance so slow in all preindustrial societies? Why did the rate of advance increase so greatly after 1800? Why was one by-product of this technological advance a decline in fertility? And, finally, why have all societies not been able to share in the ample fruits of the Indust ...
... Why was technological advance so slow in all preindustrial societies? Why did the rate of advance increase so greatly after 1800? Why was one by-product of this technological advance a decline in fertility? And, finally, why have all societies not been able to share in the ample fruits of the Indust ...
7. Explaining Growth since the Industrial Revolution.
... competitive markets, the amount extra work hours contribute to extra output is very simple to calculate. It is just the wage workers are paid per hour. For in a competitive economy each worker is paid the marginal product of their labor. Thus if w is the hourly wage in the initial year, the increase ...
... competitive markets, the amount extra work hours contribute to extra output is very simple to calculate. It is just the wage workers are paid per hour. For in a competitive economy each worker is paid the marginal product of their labor. Thus if w is the hourly wage in the initial year, the increase ...
Binary Economics: The Economic Theory that Gave Rise
... for a portion of the work force through a combination of deferred labor compensation, future company revenues, and corporate tax deductions. However, the full potential of ESOPs to empower their participants to acquire capital with the earnings of capital and to expand this empowerment to many more ...
... for a portion of the work force through a combination of deferred labor compensation, future company revenues, and corporate tax deductions. However, the full potential of ESOPs to empower their participants to acquire capital with the earnings of capital and to expand this empowerment to many more ...
The Alternative to Capitalism
... of humanity. Socialism can only be a universal society in which all that is in and on the earth has become the common heritage of all humankind, and in which the division of the world into states has given way to a world without frontiers but with a democratic world administration. No exchange, no e ...
... of humanity. Socialism can only be a universal society in which all that is in and on the earth has become the common heritage of all humankind, and in which the division of the world into states has given way to a world without frontiers but with a democratic world administration. No exchange, no e ...
N 33
... economic entity. My methodological argument states that the history of development thinking can be approached by travelling with the GDP through this discourse. To put the metaphor to its limits: one could imagine oneself riding on the back of this indicator through time and observing the different ...
... economic entity. My methodological argument states that the history of development thinking can be approached by travelling with the GDP through this discourse. To put the metaphor to its limits: one could imagine oneself riding on the back of this indicator through time and observing the different ...
to access article
... the equity-based derivatives and currency swaps of the modern market—always presupposes the existence of their respective interpretive communities, with their own forms of interpretation and evaluation. These interpretive communities determine lines of interpretation, found institutions, and set bou ...
... the equity-based derivatives and currency swaps of the modern market—always presupposes the existence of their respective interpretive communities, with their own forms of interpretation and evaluation. These interpretive communities determine lines of interpretation, found institutions, and set bou ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... thereby erring in his economic analysis. This danger seems to me more serious in the study of economic growth than in any other area of economic research. At various points below, I suggest evaluating the association between various factors and the rate or pattern of economic growth. In such an atte ...
... thereby erring in his economic analysis. This danger seems to me more serious in the study of economic growth than in any other area of economic research. At various points below, I suggest evaluating the association between various factors and the rate or pattern of economic growth. In such an atte ...
ARCHIVE: MARX, CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND THE
... strictly to the law of value, i . e . equal amounts of labour time always exchange for equal amounts of labour time : this principle also applies to exchange relations between workers and employers . However, for Marx it is quite evident that there is no exchange of equivalents between worker and em ...
... strictly to the law of value, i . e . equal amounts of labour time always exchange for equal amounts of labour time : this principle also applies to exchange relations between workers and employers . However, for Marx it is quite evident that there is no exchange of equivalents between worker and em ...
EconomicsToday-Chapter1
... • The economic way of thinking gives you the power—the power to reach informed conclusions about what is happening in the world. • Economic analysis helps you make better decisions, and increases your understanding when watching or reading the news on the Web. ...
... • The economic way of thinking gives you the power—the power to reach informed conclusions about what is happening in the world. • Economic analysis helps you make better decisions, and increases your understanding when watching or reading the news on the Web. ...
Essential Question of Economic sustainability
... • Economic growth from can be achieved from changes in individuality, form, place, and time – without using more natural resources. • Changes in value involve risks & uncertainties • Profit is the market-based reward for taking risks – a market incentive for change. ...
... • Economic growth from can be achieved from changes in individuality, form, place, and time – without using more natural resources. • Changes in value involve risks & uncertainties • Profit is the market-based reward for taking risks – a market incentive for change. ...
Destructive Creation and the New World Disorder
... that in turn led to economic depression and social disruption in the United States and Europe in the 1870s and 1880s—which in turn contributed to the rise of the union movement and socialism and a destructive resurgence of nationalism. And as the economic and social importance of railroads was displ ...
... that in turn led to economic depression and social disruption in the United States and Europe in the 1870s and 1880s—which in turn contributed to the rise of the union movement and socialism and a destructive resurgence of nationalism. And as the economic and social importance of railroads was displ ...
How productive are capital investments in Europe?
... 2.2 Assessing the impact of input factors on the standard of living: What does economic theory suggest? To produce their output, economies have access to similar types of inputs: a certain amount of the population - the active labour force which represents a mixture of skills or human capital - and ...
... 2.2 Assessing the impact of input factors on the standard of living: What does economic theory suggest? To produce their output, economies have access to similar types of inputs: a certain amount of the population - the active labour force which represents a mixture of skills or human capital - and ...