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Common Name: Marshmallow Botanical Name: Althaea officinalis L
Common Name: Marshmallow Botanical Name: Althaea officinalis L

... both gathered in the wild and cultivated. This perennial, pubescent plant grows up to 150 cm. in height and looks very much like the hollyhock (A. rosea). Leaves are 3-5 lobed with a velvety pubescence and palmate nervature. The plant bears white-to-pink flowers with the outer 6-9 sepals fused at th ...
Hints on Growing Tulips - Michigan State University
Hints on Growing Tulips - Michigan State University

... should provide adequate moisture through the winter. However, water your bulbs if there is an extended dry spell to replenish natural moisture. In cold areas, after the frost has penetrated 1-2 inches, cover bulb beds with a 3-inch mulch of leaves, peat moss, straw or evergreen boughs. ...
Untitled - Plant Gateway
Untitled - Plant Gateway

... new technological features. I would like this first edition to encourage an open, collaborative process where feedback and discussion shape future editions. The hundreds of plant names and confusing botanical terminology are often seen as factors that put people off from identifying plants or at lea ...
Growth Patterns in Woody Plants with Examples from the
Growth Patterns in Woody Plants with Examples from the

... the stem, each succeeding leaf being displaced around the stem by ...
Plants - Pearland ISD
Plants - Pearland ISD

... Plants Responses and Adaptations Chap 25 Tropisms are a plant response to external stimuli. The purpose it to response effectively to certain conditions. ...
Idaho`s Noxious Weeds - College of Agricultural and Life Sciences
Idaho`s Noxious Weeds - College of Agricultural and Life Sciences

... The description for each weed includes the following: Weed name and family. Common and scientific names for the weed and its plant family Category. The official category of an Idaho’s noxious weed—early detection rapid response (EDRR), containment, or control. The category appears in a color-coded b ...
Field Guide to Shrubs in Southwestern Oregon
Field Guide to Shrubs in Southwestern Oregon

... Notable: Common following fire. Nitrogen fixer. Also called Tobacco Brush. Other ceanothus species found in the Klamath Mountains Ecoregion include redstem ceanothus (Ceanothus sanguineus), which has red stems, white flowers, and alternate, deciduous leaves, and blue blossom ceanothus (Ceanothus thy ...
Malay Apple - Tropical Fruit Farm
Malay Apple - Tropical Fruit Farm

... Beautiful bright scarlet red flowers (sometimes white, yellow or orange) with hundreds of long stamens becoming scarlet-red, juicy, small pear-shaped fruit with white flesh and spongy interior enclosing a single or dual seed. ...
species, and suggested it to affinity because peculiar finely (Fig. 2d
species, and suggested it to affinity because peculiar finely (Fig. 2d

... the sheathing leaf-base and the manifest difference in habit with the other known three genera ...
Plant Packet PPT
Plant Packet PPT

... Plants Responses and Adaptations Chap 25 Tropisms are a plant response to external stimuli. The purpose it to response effectively to certain conditions. ...
Enchanted Elderberry, or Have Respect for Your Elders!
Enchanted Elderberry, or Have Respect for Your Elders!

... coarse bush with showy white flowers, followed by deep purple fruits that ripen in early fall. Although bland for fresh eating it is superlative in jams, jellies, syrups, pies and especially wines. These varieties are selected for high yield and flavour. We recommend you order at least two different ...
Contact: WSU/Skagit County Cooperative
Contact: WSU/Skagit County Cooperative

... garden. It does well in our rocky soils and our winter rainfall climate. And mint has a good side; it discourages cabbage moths and ants. One of the accepted scientific names for the mint family is Labiatae, which describes the structure of the flower which has an upper and lower lip formed by petal ...
Applying Photosynthesis Research to Increase Crop Yields*
Applying Photosynthesis Research to Increase Crop Yields*

... thesis occurs. As a result, many photosynthetic organisms have evolved to cope with such extreme and dynamic variations in the availability of essential photosynthesis components! Therefore, in the last half century, photosynthesis research has continually asked how do various photosynthetic creatur ...
Southeast Alaska Traditional Food Guide
Southeast Alaska Traditional Food Guide

... sheet and freeze, label/date and transfer into freezer bags. Berries will keep for up to two years. ...
Biology Chapter 22: Homework Hmwrk 22
Biology Chapter 22: Homework Hmwrk 22

... • Know the two groups of seed-producing plants, characteristics of each and examples of each • Know how seed-producing plants differ from bryophytes and ferns • Know the three adaptations that allow seed-producing plants to reproduce in the absence of water • Know how seed plants evolved • Know the ...
Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology
Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology

... having dichotomously branching, open systems, but reticulation evolved frequently. Angiosperms have greatest diversity in vein structure but share key architectural elements, that is, a hierarchy of vein orders forming a reticulate mesh (Hickey, 1973; Ellis et al., 2009; McKown et al., 2010). Typica ...
Tansley review
Tansley review

... having dichotomously branching, open systems, but reticulation evolved frequently. Angiosperms have greatest diversity in vein structure but share key architectural elements, that is, a hierarchy of vein orders forming a reticulate mesh (Hickey, 1973; Ellis et al., 2009; McKown et al., 2010). Typica ...
Bryophytes
Bryophytes

... The word bryophyte is the collective term for mosses, hornworts and liverworts Bryology is the study of bryophytes. Includes the simplest and most primitive land plants. Plants lack true vascular system, hence called non-vascular plants. Terrestrial but need water to complete lifecycle, hence c ...
Clonal analysis of NARROW SHEATH1 - Development
Clonal analysis of NARROW SHEATH1 - Development

... leaf founder-cell (i.e. what particular leaf domain a foundercell will eventually become) can be roughly estimated according to its position on the SAM (Poethig, 1984; Irish and Sussex, 1992; Scanlon and Freeling, 1997). Recent genetic analyses of angiosperm leaf development have generated testable ...
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF RUSCUS HYPOGLOSSUM L. IN
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF RUSCUS HYPOGLOSSUM L. IN

... and belowground organs; a certain level of generative and vegetative reproduction), the majority of local populations seem relatively stable, while not expanding. We recorded fluctuations rather than distinct trends. This can be documented by the successive numbers of shoots recorded annually at the ...
EDIBLE FLOWERS
EDIBLE FLOWERS

... Carnation and Dianthus (Dianthus spp.), Viola and Pansy (Viola spp.), Lavender (Lavandula spp. – petals only) and Roses (Rosa cultivars – petals only). Coming from cooler climes, these plants often require a little more love or attention in our gardens. The good news is that there are many hardy pla ...
How Plants Grow - Discovery Education
How Plants Grow - Discovery Education

... Education Standards for these grade levels. UNIT GOALS After having particpated in each of the four programs in the Unit of Study and their respective follow-up activities, students should be able to identify that: • Plants have basic needs which they must get from their environment. • Plants are th ...
Keys to the Flora of Florida - Viola
Keys to the Flora of Florida - Viola

... The presence -- and distribution -- of Viola sororia Willdenow (1809) as reported here is in marked contrast to that given by McKinney (1992:34-39). McKinney provided a description, noting the pubescence to be "primarily strigose," that agrees with Willdenow's original diagnosis and is quite in line ...
Chapter 20 Evolution of Angiosperm
Chapter 20 Evolution of Angiosperm

... Cretaceous, approximately 140 million years ago, while the dinosaurs were at their peak. ...
The effects of green light on transpiration in Mung Bean leaves
The effects of green light on transpiration in Mung Bean leaves

... and processed into sugars in order to meet metabolic demands. The stomata play an integral role in this process, as they act as both the site of gas exchange with the environment and the site of water loss through transpiration. Since plants are often limited in one or more of these three resources, ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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