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How to Use a Dichotomous Key
How to Use a Dichotomous Key

... This concludes this portion of this module. If you followed the procedures described, you will understand the concept of a dichotomous key because you identified common desk items, two animals to phylum or class and two flowering plants to family. To complete this module, you must obtain a posttest ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... - obligate biotrophic parasites - foliar blights - produce sporangiophores + sporangia in very characteristic ways for each genus of downy mildew. ...
Full text article
Full text article

... A medium-sized tree, up to 20 m high and 54 cm DBH, with brown bark and white latex ; bole straight, not buttressed, but sometimes with small aerial roots at base ; small red pneumatophores occasionally present around the tree ; branching dichotomous, foliage clustered at the apex of the twigs, the ...
The Wonderful World of Plants The Wonderful World of Plants
The Wonderful World of Plants The Wonderful World of Plants

... In most plants, roots act as an anchor to hold the plant in place and help keep it upright. Roots also absorb water and minerals, which plants need in order to live and grow. Finally, roots store some of the food that plants make. Roots usually grow downward into the soil. In the soil, roots absorb ...
Compartmentation of photosynthesis in cells and
Compartmentation of photosynthesis in cells and

... ß Society for Experimental Biology 2001 ...
Systematic Implications of DNA variation in subfamily
Systematic Implications of DNA variation in subfamily

... (-8); carpels usually 2, connate, superior ovary; inflorescences cymose, highly modified, compact, receptacle expanded; fruit is a drupe, often in a multiple fruit structure (syconium). Significant features: laticifers/latex throughout the plant Special uses: figs (Ficus), mulberries (Morus), breadf ...
Flowers
Flowers

... • If the ovary has more than one carpel you usually see more than one locule (chamber containing seeds) • You can sometimes tell how many carpels are in a flower by looking at the tip of the style. Number of style tips = number of carpels • Carpels are leaves that have rolled up to enclose the ovule ...
Quincy Salt-Marsh Trail
Quincy Salt-Marsh Trail

... This plant has a distinct fleshy and jointed stem, with branches that are oppositely arranged. Though it appears to be leafless, its leaves are actually tiny scales. Take a closer look and you will see many variations in the growth habits of the Glasswort in this area and throughout the marsh. Glass ...
Life Cycle of a Pumpkin
Life Cycle of a Pumpkin

... Some towns hold a pumpkin festival to celebrate the fall harvest. Sometimes there is a contest to find out who grew the biggest pumpkin. Inside the pumpkin are many seeds. Some seeds are roasted to be eaten as a snack. Other seeds are saved to be planted in the spring. They will grow into next year’ ...
Antiemetic Activity of Tithonia diversifolia (HEMSL.) A
Antiemetic Activity of Tithonia diversifolia (HEMSL.) A

... methanolic extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray., leaves using chick emesis model in order to validate their folk use in G.I. disorders. Emesis was induced by the oral administration of copper sulfate 50mg/kg body weight to male chicks of four days age. The antiemetic activity was deter ...
Asterids
Asterids

... Flowers: Sepals usu. 5; petals usu. 5, connate forming bell- funnel- or tubular-shaped corolla; stamens usually 5, filaments always adnate to the corolla, anthers distinct or connate and forming a ring to fused to the stylar head; staminal outgrowths (corona) often present and petallike; carpels usu ...
TEXT Bryophyta is a group of the simplest and primitive plants of
TEXT Bryophyta is a group of the simplest and primitive plants of

... pioneers of vegetation. Certain mosses have preference for special kind of substrate for their growth. Therefore, some of them may serve as the indicators of mineral deposits, pH condition of substrate and also of particular seed plant community and pollution levels. Classification of Bryophytes The ...
Vriessea carinata
Vriessea carinata

... - Suckering and clustering, erect and slender palm to 3m tall. Stem is canelike, to 4cm in diameter densely matted with black coarse fiber. Leaves are palmately divided into linear segment, appearing like a disected palm; petiole to 25cm, stiff or arching and smooth. ...
edible and medicinal plants
edible and medicinal plants

... Habitat and Distribution: Coconut palms are found throughout the tropics. They are most abundant near coastal regions. Edible Parts: The nut is a valuable source of food. The milk of the young coconut is rich in sugar and vitamins and is an excellent source of liquid. The nut meat is also nutritious ...
asiatic society of bengal. - Publication Server of Goethe University
asiatic society of bengal. - Publication Server of Goethe University

... free at its base from t,he lateral pail', ovate, emfl,l'ginate, concave and embracing the column,paJe yellow with three brofLd reddisll-pul'ple veins; latm'al sepals 2'] m., cohering at their-base and adnate to the foot of the column, tWll3ted and constricted above their auricled base, linear-lanceo ...
Non-native Plants of the Estero Bay Area
Non-native Plants of the Estero Bay Area

... in excess of 500 non-native species locally. For the purposes of this guide, the most common species have been complied. It is the author’s hope that local land managers, landscapers, and home owners will use this guide to make educated decisions about the plants that they use in their restoration ...
Full Text - International network for natural sciences
Full Text - International network for natural sciences

... Fig. 1. Different plants of Solanaceae family A. Solanum nigrum Linn., B. Solanum spirale Roxb., C. Soalnum ...
Astilbe, Chinese
Astilbe, Chinese

... Bears rosy purple blooms in dense, erect, branching heads. 'Pumila' grows 1 foot tall with violet-lavender blooms in late summer. Tolerates drier soils than most Astilbes. var. taquetii 'Superba' grows 3 feet tall with rose-tinted purple blooms in late summer. Leaves are deep green heavily flushed w ...
Final report
Final report

... alternately arranged are variable in shape and size. They can be lanceolate (longer than wide and usually tapering at both ends), oblanceolate (broader above the middle of the leaf, then tapering at base), or obovate (egg-shaped, wider at leaf tip), although leaves are typically round during the ear ...
Original
Original

... for three stout, smooth trichomes at the apex of the hyaline margined leaves. The variety arcabucense has sparsely strigillose cauline internodes and leaves that are glabrous above and sparsely beset with smooth, appressed trichomes below. Both varieties share a distinctive, smooth, vernicose seed t ...
11 emes RESPONSE OF Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. TO
11 emes RESPONSE OF Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. TO

... MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved Ornithogalum saundersiae Bak. bulbs with a circumference of 14–16 cm, imported from the Netherlands by a horticultural company Ogrodnictwo Wiśniewski Jacek Junior. The bulbs were treated for 30 min in a suspension of 0.7% (w/v) Topsin M 500 SC (Nippon Soda, T ...
Monograph of Psidium guajava L. leaves
Monograph of Psidium guajava L. leaves

... glands may be embedded within the spongy tissue. The midrib: The cortical tissue of the midrib consists of 2-3 rows of collenchymatous cells beneath the upper epidermis and 3-4 rows abutting the lower epidermis followed by 3-4 layers of thin walled parenchyma with distinct intercellular spaces. The ...
intra-petiolar, sheathing the stem, opposite, petiolate. Inflorescence
intra-petiolar, sheathing the stem, opposite, petiolate. Inflorescence

... perhaps ...
Alliums - Trecanna Nursery
Alliums - Trecanna Nursery

... starry lilac flowers in a head that is 8” across! The flowers open one by one and it has quite rightly earned its name as The Firework Allium as is perfectly resembles an exploding firework. Other varieties tend to bear heads of flowers that hang down in loose clusters forming a more gentle nodding ...
Chapter 10- Structure and Function of Plants
Chapter 10- Structure and Function of Plants

... water, minerals, food, and other materials from one part of its body to another. In general, water and minerals are taken up by the bottom part of the plant, while food is made in the top part. But all of the plant's cells need water, minerals, and food. In small plants, materials can simply move fr ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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