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Family 33. NYCTAGINACEAE
Family 33. NYCTAGINACEAE

... arrive at a satisfactory treatment for the Arabian plants, and therefore this account must be considered provisional. Within B. diffusas.l. different authors have recognized a number of taxa at specific, subspecific and varietal level. Extreme forms are fairly distinct, but the numerous intermediate ...
Aquifoliaceae
Aquifoliaceae

... than other Japanese holly cultivars and is popular in northern landscapes. Plants can grow up to 8 feet tall, but they respond to pruning well. ...
ANNUAL VINES
ANNUAL VINES

... exotic red flowers with white centers. Rich green, doubly lobed leaves. Great on trellis, arbor, or fence. Likes a warm, sunny spot. Best kept up close where its color and form is most appreciated. 5” pot ...
PHYLOGENY OF VASCULAR PLANTS
PHYLOGENY OF VASCULAR PLANTS

... (83, 122). Their stele might be derived from the actinostele of primitive cladoxylopsids by loss of the outer metaxylem. ...
A Comparison of Leaf and Petal Senescence in
A Comparison of Leaf and Petal Senescence in

... tight species-specific control over the maximum duration of a flower (Primack, 1985). In contrast, leaves are sources of photosynthate for most of their life span, and their longevity is strongly influenced by nutrient status, light, and other environmental factors. Fertilization does accelerate lea ...
Leaf and Flower Development in Pea (Pisum
Leaf and Flower Development in Pea (Pisum

... lea¯ets and tendrils are unchanged. Stipules were mostly absent from the ®rst few nodes (nodes 3-5). Above this (nodes 6 and 7), coch stipules were sometimes small and straplike, sometimes sessile and elliptical, or sometimes spatulate. At higher nodes (nodes 8-11), the stipules were largely compoun ...
Angiosperms or Flowering Plants the phylum Magnoliophyta
Angiosperms or Flowering Plants the phylum Magnoliophyta

... land (and back into water) ...
FLOWER SHOW SUCCESS TIPS • All plant materials must be fresh
FLOWER SHOW SUCCESS TIPS • All plant materials must be fresh

... One set of leaves required; two or more sets preferred. Opposite leaves must be identical in size, form, and pattern. Bedding types well-branched; branches symmetrically placed and spaced along stem. Flower pose centered on stem. Judged on cultural perfection of flower and the scape’s harmonious rel ...
THE WILD EDIBLE SERIES
THE WILD EDIBLE SERIES

... as we stroll along the roadside. It's time we look at our surroundings and enjoy in the plentiful bounty that nature provides. ...
Structure–Function Relationships in Highly Modified Shoots of
Structure–Function Relationships in Highly Modified Shoots of

... fleshy branches are also long-shoots (Fig. 1A, C and D). Almost all familiar plants consist only of long-shoots so the term is usually unnecessary and rarely used. But in cacti, each axillary bud immediately produces leaf primordia, which in most other plants would become small, flat, waxy bud scale ...
The Biochemistry of C 4 Photosynthesis
The Biochemistry of C 4 Photosynthesis

... in the C4 pathway in three subgroups are illustrated in the first section of this chapter through highlighting differentiation in photosynthetic functions of MC and BSC. This is followed by concise information on the enzyme reactions and properties of the respective enzymes. In the second section, t ...
4- Narcissus Species and Wild Hybrids
4- Narcissus Species and Wild Hybrids

... Distribution: River banks in stony-sandy soil where the bulbs often are buried more than one foot by river sand. Also reported to grow in mountain meadows, Portugal and Spain, and to be naturalized in suitable places in southern Europe. Collected by me in 1957 in Portugal along the Douro River at Ba ...
this section in PDF
this section in PDF

... stout nymphs are amber coloured when they hatch but soon turn darker. Adult: Narrow bodied, grey–brown with black eyes. The wings are silvery, forming a cross-like pattern on their back. Damage: Large numbers sucking the leaves can cause plants to wither. Vector: Not a disease vector Commonly found: ...
G & s rasses ucculents
G & s rasses ucculents

... a variety of shapes depending on the species – consider ball or barrel cactus when compared to the more flattened stems of prickly pear cactus (native to southern Alberta, but also found in Saskatchewan and Manitoba). In contrast, the group of succulents known as wood lilies includes agaves and yucc ...
what buckwheat is that
what buckwheat is that

... a. Leaves and stems sticky (glandular), not covered with white hairs. Flowers white or pink. Stems with many branches……………………Unarmed buckwheat(Eriogonum inerme) b. Leaves and stems usually covered with fine white hairs. Flower color various. (1) Flowers white to rose pink. Flower clusters spaced alo ...
Alfalfa Diseases and Management
Alfalfa Diseases and Management

... include brown necrotic lesions along any point on the young seedling, including lesions that girdle the root or stem, leading to plant death (Color Plate 10.1 at the end of this chapter). Some infected plants escape death but are nevertheless weakened as a result of being partially girdled or having ...
Table of Contents
Table of Contents

... Broadly, two types of labs occur in this course: 1. Observational labs. Entries in your notebook before the laboratory are not required. After examining specimens/slides, observations made during lab will be recorded (according to the manual and drawing list). Drawings should be in pencil on unlined ...
View it now - OSU Extension Catalog
View it now - OSU Extension Catalog

... Ivy is particularly a problem in forests near residential areas and other sources of ivy. As a groundcover, ivy can protect soil from erosion, but it lacks the deeper soil stabilization capability of mature trees and shrubs. ...
Buckhorn Plantain
Buckhorn Plantain

... Buckhorn plantain, also known as English plantain, narrowleaved plantain, and ribwort plantain, is an erect cool-season perennial plant that is a member of the plantain family (Plantaginaceae). It may be confused with the similar species broadleaf plantain (Plantago major L.) or blackseed plantain ( ...
NO APICAL MERISTEM (MtNAM) regulates
NO APICAL MERISTEM (MtNAM) regulates

... 2006a,b; Rast & Simon, 2008). CUP in snapdragon directly interacts with a TCP-domain transcription factor, which has previously been shown to regulate organ outgrowth (Weir et al., 2004). Over the last decade, several regulators of CUC genes have been identified in A. thaliana, including SHOOTMERIST ...
ANNUAL VINES
ANNUAL VINES

... flowers whose long funnels widen into flaring hoop skirts. Resembling tiny morning glories, new flowers open every morning. The foliage is a lustrous green and finely divided. A twining vine, try growing it on trellises, fences, or plant cages. It will also grow over other plants, so it could be use ...
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants
Chapter 21 Introduction to Plants

... tissues are called vascular plants, like those in Figure 21.4. In some plants, substances slowly move from cell to cell by osmosis and diffusion. They are the nonvascular plants and lack specialized transport tissues. Vascular tissues also provide structure and support. The presence of thickened cel ...
bulbs, ferns, misc. annuals - Aransas/San Patricio Master Gardeners
bulbs, ferns, misc. annuals - Aransas/San Patricio Master Gardeners

... fresh; in cooked recipes, it is generally added at the last moment, as cooking quickly destroys the flavor. The fresh herb can be kept for a short time in plastic bags in the refrigerator, or for a longer period in the freezer, after being blanched quickly in boiling water. ...
GEKCO Arbor Day Tree Descriptions
GEKCO Arbor Day Tree Descriptions

... The name aloe is from the Greek alsos and refers to the bitter juice from the leaves of these plants. It is probably derived from the earlier Arabic word alloeh or the Hebrew word allal, both meaning bitter. The Latin word arborescens means tree-forming or tree-like, and is a bit misleading in that ...
Asparagus plumosus
Asparagus plumosus

... and Queensland and was recently listed as a priority environmental weed in three Natural Resource Management regions. It is ranked among the top 100 most invasive weeds in south-eastern Queensland, where it is of particular concern in dry rainforests, and is actively managed by community groups in t ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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