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SECTION 1. RHODIOLA (L.) Scopoli
SECTION 1. RHODIOLA (L.) Scopoli

... genus, much of the bibliography, citations in the text of hard-to-obtain works, and a short list of hybrids which Berger had taken from Praeger. He also substantially reduced the information provided on species of sect. Epeteium not then found in cultivation and completely revised the layout. Die na ...
Humus-Producing Materials and the Making and Use of Compost
Humus-Producing Materials and the Making and Use of Compost

... in compost. Composting a suitable peat with stable manure increases the quantity without very materially lowering the manure value. Where peat can be procured cheaply and where good barnyard manure is not abundantly available, it may be used advantageously on greens and fairways if it is composted w ...
S O C F
S O C F

... across the bed. Generally tight spacing increases yield and profit per square foot of bed space but decreases yield per plant and air circulation. Thus, if initial plant costs are high, a wide spacing may allow you to maximize the number of harvestable stems per plant. In addition, wide spacing incr ...
Plants
Plants

... In each environment, plants have become crucial to supporting animal life. From tiny mosses to extremely large trees (Figure 1.1), the organisms in this kingdom, Kingdom Plantae, have three main features. They are all: 1. Eukaryotic. 2. Photosynthetic. 3. Multicellular. Recall that eukaryotic organi ...
Stress Induction of Mitochondrial Formate Dehydrogenase in Potato
Stress Induction of Mitochondrial Formate Dehydrogenase in Potato

... coupled to ATP synthesis. The effects of various environmental and chemical factors on FDH expression in leaves were tested using the mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase as a control. The abundance of FDH transcripts is strongly increased under various stresses, whereas serine hydroxymethy ...
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms

... Ferns and fern allies, are dispersed by tiny spores. That mode of distribution seems to have two major disadvantages in a terrestrial habitat: 1. Spores themselves have virtually no reserves of stored food to give the gametophyte a good start. 2. The gametophyte itself is small, simple, and either d ...
phenolic acids in the flowers and leaves of grindelia robusta nutt
phenolic acids in the flowers and leaves of grindelia robusta nutt

... raw materials of two Grindelia species is generally similar, but there are some differences in the composition of phenolic acids liberated by acid and alkaline hydrolysis. The predominant compounds in all four studied materials were vanillic acid after acid as well as alkaline hydrolysis, and protoc ...
forest trees forest regions - The Forest History Society
forest trees forest regions - The Forest History Society

... Many kinds of trees attain heights of 100 feet, and a few heights of 300 to 350 feet. Many are small in size. Under varying conditions of climate and soil, some occur both as trees and shrubs. If a woodystemmed plant has one well-defined trunk and grows to be a t least 2 inches in diameter and 8 fee ...
murraya paniculata linn.
murraya paniculata linn.

... Myanmar (Burma), southern China and Taiwan, Thailand, and east words throughout the Malesian region to northeastern Australia and Caledonia. This species has found wide medicinal value throughout the area of distribution7. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF MURRAYA PANICULATA3,8 It is an evergreen shrub or ...
Pleiotropic Effects of Flowering Time Genes in the Annual Crucifer
Pleiotropic Effects of Flowering Time Genes in the Annual Crucifer

... is usually as follows. Flowering early, at a small vegetative size, implies that limited resources can be allocated to reproduction, which results in a low reproductive output. Later flowering at a larger vegetative size may allow a higher reproductive output, but only if sufficient resources remain ...
Section 8 Weediness of Carnation - Office of the Gene Technology
Section 8 Weediness of Carnation - Office of the Gene Technology

... have flowers up to 10 cm in diameter (Galbally & Galbally 1997). Petals are generally clawed or serrated. The flower is bisexual as it has both male (stamens) and female (gynoecium) reproductive organs. Flowers bloom simply or in a branched or forked cluster. The stamens can occur in one or two whor ...
Weed Handbook 20112up prntcp - Bonner County Government Web
Weed Handbook 20112up prntcp - Bonner County Government Web

... WHAT IS A NOXIOUS WEED? Noxious weeds are non-native plants that were brought into Idaho through human actions. Because they grow aggressively and have no natural enemies in our area, these species of plants can be destructive to wildlife habitat, competitive with crops and difficult to control. 'No ...
Subcellular Compartmentation of the Diterpene
Subcellular Compartmentation of the Diterpene

... and cause oxidative damage to the chloroplasts if the plants are not protected by antioxidant defenses (Björkman, 1987; Smirnoff, 1993). Therefore, the compartmentation of the antioxidant function of carnosic acid in chloroplasts might be an adaptive mechanism that rosemary plants have evolved to w ...
100 Beautiful Trees of India
100 Beautiful Trees of India

... entirely as this would interfere with the thorough working of the leaves. Leaves are capable of varying their position according to the source of greatest light. Accordingly, there is a special name given to the subject dealing with the arrangement of the leaves—this study is called Phyllotaxy. The ...
Lemon Growing in the Florida Home Landscape1 - EDIS
Lemon Growing in the Florida Home Landscape1 - EDIS

... 1. This document is HS1153, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date December 2010. Revised November 2016. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Jonathan H. Crane, professor, tropical fruit crop specialist; UF/IFAS Trop ...
Pumpkin Circle
Pumpkin Circle

... they stand out in the crowd. to do! Or just sit back. Enjoy the view. Pumpkins grow because pumpkins know exactly what to do. When summer turns to fall, green turns to gold. Shorter days bring chilly nights and pumpkin vines grow old. ...
here - Cornell Plantations
here - Cornell Plantations

... Plants  form  very  large  upright  clumps  that  reach   6'  or  more  across;  leaves  are  dark  green  with   rippled  edges;  this  information  is  from  the  1998   Bridgewood  fall  supplement. Smaller  and  more  compact  than ...
The PINHEAD/ZWILLEgene acts pleiotropically in
The PINHEAD/ZWILLEgene acts pleiotropically in

... Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, Embryogenesis, Meristem, PINHEAD, ARGONAUTE1 ...
Plants for Stormwater Design Manual
Plants for Stormwater Design Manual

... flowers are sweet scented, and each flower is ¼'' wide and blooms from June to July. Leaf: Elongate, without teeth, and in whorls of 4. Each leaf is very narrow, ¼'' wide, linear, ¾-2'' long, with a minutely rounded end and 3-nerved. Stem: A square-stemmed plant with many smooth stems that are commo ...
CALOOSAHATCHEE BROMELIAD SOCIETYs CALOOSAHATCHEE
CALOOSAHATCHEE BROMELIAD SOCIETYs CALOOSAHATCHEE

... of bromeliads as well. It is the responsibility of the BSI to cover the overage costs for this service. The majority of this funding comes from the Rare Plant Auction. This event held is every two years during the World Conference. During the in-between years we are helped by donations from Affiliat ...
the wild edible series
the wild edible series

... Late in the foraging season when edibles like plantain and dandelion become tough or bitter, we return to an old standby, one of our favorites: Lamb's Quarters, Chenopodium album, providing tender palatable greens from early spring well into the fall. Throughout it's life span, this annual has leave ...
The guide (Power Point v. 97 presentation) - CLO-PLA
The guide (Power Point v. 97 presentation) - CLO-PLA

... Growth of Fragaria viridis, a species combining necessary and additive clonal growth organs. The short epigeogenous rhizome ("a" in the figure) is a necessary clonal growth organ (CGO) and above-ground horizontal rooting stem (stolon) is an additive CGO. The epigeogenous rhizome is formed by perenni ...
Annonaceae - Naturalis repository
Annonaceae - Naturalis repository

... from herbarium labels of C. micranthum indicates that flower colour ranges from red ...
Gloriosa superba Climbing Lily
Gloriosa superba Climbing Lily

... Cold Hardiness: Gloriosa superba is root hardy in USDA zones 9 (8) to 13, but stems are killed to the ground in regions were frost occurs. Foliage: Leaves are evergreen or dieback in response to drought in tropical climates, but dieback due to cold in much of our region; no fall color develops in ar ...
Psychoactive Plants
Psychoactive Plants

... of more than 60 plant species, of which coffee, cocoa-beans, tea, cola and guarana are the best ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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