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physiological disorders in fruit crops
physiological disorders in fruit crops

... have flat and insipid taste and assume a granular texture. Granulated fruits contain less extractable juice as most of it turns into gelatinous mass. This results in more quantity of rag and thus low pulp/rag ratio. The terms granulation, crystallization and dry end are used to describe this trouble ...
all outline notes are available here
all outline notes are available here

... b. Stomates are the small openings under the leaf for breathing or transpiration. c. Guard cells surround the stomates and regulate the open and close of the stomates. d. Chloroplasts are small green particles that contain chlorophyll, give leaves their green color and are necessary for photosynthes ...
Noxious Weed Identification
Noxious Weed Identification

... Seedling: Stem emerges which may be joined by one to three adventitious stems from hypocotyl Mature Plant: Roots rhizomatous root system; Stems rough and woody at base, smooth, waxy at top: Leaves waxy, ovate to heart shape but sometiems lanceolate, alternate and clasping on upper portion of stem: F ...
Shade - Cheyenne Botanic Gardens
Shade - Cheyenne Botanic Gardens

... which has fascinating flowers that live up to their name but only bloom for a few weeks. Delphiniums with their tall blue spikes can tolerate partial shade although too much might result in legginess and mildew. The echinacea (cone flower) can also tolerate some partial shading and has a beautiful p ...
Hardy Sedums in Albuquerque - Cactus and Succulent Society of
Hardy Sedums in Albuquerque - Cactus and Succulent Society of

... ‘Old Man’s Bones’...’Dragon’s Blood’...’Voodoo’....No, this is not the recipe for witches’ brew. These are the common names of some of the sedum species (collectively called stonecrops) we have attempted to grow outside in Albuquerque. Let’s be very scientific and precise. There are two major catego ...
Spider Mites on Tomatoes - Kansas State Entomology
Spider Mites on Tomatoes - Kansas State Entomology

... coverage and timely follow-up treatments. Thorough spray coverage is especially important when using oils and soaps because these two materials require direct contact with the active mite stages. Once dried, oils and soaps offer no residual control. While Kelthane does have some residual capabilitie ...
Hydrilla verticillata
Hydrilla verticillata

... Control Options: Manual removal of Hydrilla is possible, but usually impractical if large mats are present. Plants must be removed carefully so that turions, tubers, or fragments are not left behind. Mechanical harvesting is widely used and effective at removing vegetation near the surface. Harvesti ...
Induced mutation in ornamental gingers (Zingiberaceae)
Induced mutation in ornamental gingers (Zingiberaceae)

... group of plants coming under the family Zingiberaceae with 53 genera and over 1377 species (Kong et al., 2010). They are mainly distributed in tropics and subtropics with the centre of distribution in the IndoMalayan region, but extending through tropical Africa to Central and South America (Tomlins ...
Asters - Wild Ones
Asters - Wild Ones

... 1” flowers, white to pale lilac with yellow disk. This is one of my favorites for the woods, 6 but not because of the flowers: large, hand-sized palegreen basal leaves form a beautiful ground cover where the big-leaved aster is allowed to colonize. Though the basal leaves appear every year, the plan ...
Eupatorium rugosum
Eupatorium rugosum

... White Sanicle This powerfully toxic herb of forests, stream banks, and meadow edges is native to the eastern two-thirds of the United States and southern Canada. Our specimen is in bed 61. It has opposite leaves with toothed margins and loose clusters of fluffy white flowers. The genus Eupatorium al ...
Woody Plants Database
Woody Plants Database

... Common Cherrylaurel; English Laurel Cultivars There are several cultivars available for this species. Many varieties are unavailable outside of the United Kingdom/Europe. 'Camelliifolia', 'Castlewellan', 'Chestnut Hill', 'Compacta', 'Majestic Jade', 'Marbled Dragon', 'Mt. Vernon', 'Nana', 'Otto Luyk ...
Station 14 – Fruit- Observe the specimens at this
Station 14 – Fruit- Observe the specimens at this

... 2. What function do you think the fleshy part (white) of this fruit serves for the seed? (page 569)_____________________ 3. A bell pepper is considered to be a fruit because it contains _______________________________________ 4. Some fruits are classified as being dry fruits while others are classif ...
PDF view - Woody Plants Database
PDF view - Woody Plants Database

... 'Album', 'Candidissimum', 'Compactum', 'Dawn', 'December Dwarf', 'Farrer's Pink', 'Nanum' Ornamental Characteristics ...
Plants
Plants

... pressure differences between two areas i.e. sap movement within trees  Solutes move in solutions that move due to differences in water potential ...
Leatherleaf Mahonia
Leatherleaf Mahonia

... Leatherleaf Mahonia has attractive bluish-green foliage. The spiny oval pinnately compound leaves are ornamentally significant and turn an outstanding purple in the fall. It features bold racemes of fragrant yellow flowers rising above the foliage in mid spring. It produces powder blue berries from ...
Special Research Report: #519: Production Technology
Special Research Report: #519: Production Technology

... on the number of leaves for these rates that were not different from controls or the 5 mg a.i./pot. Bonzi drenches at 10 and 15 mg a.i./pot reduced the number of leaves, indicating that the plants reached maturity earlier. The reduction of leaves with 10 and 15 mg a.i./pot did not detract from the v ...
  English
  English

... D. Angiosperms are seed plants whose seeds develop within a fruiting body. Angiosperms all reproduce by flowers, although many flowers are very small and not showy. So if any plant has flowers, it is in the Angiosperm group. There are two types of Angiosperm. (PowerPoint Slide 13) 1. Monocots are pl ...
Efficacy of B-Nine™ and Bonzi™ on Clerodendrum ugandense as a
Efficacy of B-Nine™ and Bonzi™ on Clerodendrum ugandense as a

... on the number of leaves for these rates that were not different from controls or the 5 mg a.i./pot. Bonzi drenches at 10 and 15 mg a.i./pot reduced the number of leaves, indicating that the plants reached maturity earlier. The reduction of leaves with 10 and 15 mg a.i./pot did not detract from the v ...
Document
Document

... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Seedless Plants
Seedless Plants

... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
Notes on African plants
Notes on African plants

... Udbeckia Berg, (a genus with two species) mainly on the fertile ray florets, and the distribution—Lidbeckia being a genus of the Cape floral area, whereas Inezia is a genus of mountainous grassland in the eastern Transvaal and Swaziland. However, this new species breaks this distinction down, becaus ...
Control of Leaf Stomatal Opening
Control of Leaf Stomatal Opening

... 10x objective lens) is good for getting a general look at many stomata, while 400x magnification (using the 40x objective lens) is best for making actual measurements of individual stomata. 3. To record the images of stomata from a particular microscope slide, do the following: Set the microscope up ...
C photosynthesis in terrestrial plants does not require Kranz anatomy
C photosynthesis in terrestrial plants does not require Kranz anatomy

... efficiency. Thus, novel traits that improve water-use efficiency, such as single-cell C4 photosynthesis, might have had a competitor-free space in which to evolve. In recent years, there has been much interest in turning C3 crops, such as rice, into C4 plants [15,16]. The major barriers to this goal ...
Euglenophyta (Euglenids, trypanosoma
Euglenophyta (Euglenids, trypanosoma

... The ciliates are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but typically shorter and present in much larger numbers with a different undulating pattern than flagella. Cilia occur in all members o ...
Chapter Outline
Chapter Outline

... 3. The petals are quite diverse in size, shape, and color. 4. Each stamen consists of two parts: the anther, which contains pollen sacs, and the filament. 5. The carpel is a vaselike structure with three major regions: a) Stigma, an enlarged sticky knob. b) Style, a slender stalk. c) Ovary, an enlar ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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