Hydrocarbon basins in SE Asia: understanding why they are there
... of basin formation from the external parts of Sundaland, with basin initiation becoming younger towards the interior, but it appears more likely that subsidence began at approximately the same time across most of Sundaland (Longley 1997; Hall & Morley 2004; Doust & Sumner 2007). More work is certain ...
... of basin formation from the external parts of Sundaland, with basin initiation becoming younger towards the interior, but it appears more likely that subsidence began at approximately the same time across most of Sundaland (Longley 1997; Hall & Morley 2004; Doust & Sumner 2007). More work is certain ...
Paleogene Foredeep Basin Deposits of North
... front of the northeastern leading edge of the Caribbean plate, while this plate overrode the protoCaribbean crust, and in the process deformed its sedimentary cover. The tectonic units involved in the Circum-Caribbean Orogenic Belt have been repeatedly deformed during distinct episodes, younging fro ...
... front of the northeastern leading edge of the Caribbean plate, while this plate overrode the protoCaribbean crust, and in the process deformed its sedimentary cover. The tectonic units involved in the Circum-Caribbean Orogenic Belt have been repeatedly deformed during distinct episodes, younging fro ...
Crustal thickness variation in south
... half of the instrumentation arranged in a sparser network. The continuously recording data stream with 50 samples/s was decimated to 6.25 samples/s for receiver function analysis. Receiver function analysis measures crustal structure in the vicinity of three-component broadband seismic stations (Lan ...
... half of the instrumentation arranged in a sparser network. The continuously recording data stream with 50 samples/s was decimated to 6.25 samples/s for receiver function analysis. Receiver function analysis measures crustal structure in the vicinity of three-component broadband seismic stations (Lan ...
TROPICS Continent-Building in Costa Rica
... country, with a corresponding line of volcanoes extending halfway along the country’s length. Intermediate-depth (foci below 50 km) earthquakes are seen beneath the volcanic chain, but are not observed beneath the southern part of the country. Elevations away from volcanoes are relatively low in the ...
... country, with a corresponding line of volcanoes extending halfway along the country’s length. Intermediate-depth (foci below 50 km) earthquakes are seen beneath the volcanic chain, but are not observed beneath the southern part of the country. Elevations away from volcanoes are relatively low in the ...
Remobilization of granitoid rocks through mafic recharge: evidence
... The Manori trachytic rocks contain basaltic enclaves up to tens of centimeters in size (Fig. 2b). Their trachytic hosts contain a few small phenocrysts of white alkali feldspar, visible in outcrop, whereas the basalt enclaves are visibly highly porphyritic, especially with feldspar crystals. The tra ...
... The Manori trachytic rocks contain basaltic enclaves up to tens of centimeters in size (Fig. 2b). Their trachytic hosts contain a few small phenocrysts of white alkali feldspar, visible in outcrop, whereas the basalt enclaves are visibly highly porphyritic, especially with feldspar crystals. The tra ...
petrology of the sthathbogie batholith: a cordierite-bearing
... by several nearly straight E-W and N-S contacts (Fig. 2). Major structuresin the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks on the southern side of the granite are truncated by the contact. However, the strike of the sedimentary rocks appears to be deflected near the western end of the batholith (Vandenberg & Garr ...
... by several nearly straight E-W and N-S contacts (Fig. 2). Major structuresin the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks on the southern side of the granite are truncated by the contact. However, the strike of the sedimentary rocks appears to be deflected near the western end of the batholith (Vandenberg & Garr ...
Equatorial Segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: initial results of the
... including multibeam echosounders and powerful side-scan sonar systems for highly acurate and well resolved mapping of the sea-floor, multi-channel streamers, ocean bottom seismographs (OBS), gravity meters, manometers, deep sea drilling, and dredging and coring of the sediments. The new generation o ...
... including multibeam echosounders and powerful side-scan sonar systems for highly acurate and well resolved mapping of the sea-floor, multi-channel streamers, ocean bottom seismographs (OBS), gravity meters, manometers, deep sea drilling, and dredging and coring of the sediments. The new generation o ...
Sedimentary record of the tectonic growth of a collisional continental
... sandstone. The overall stratigraphy of the Nutzotin Mountains sequence represents a general upward-shallowing and upward-coarsening package that represents a general transition from distal mud-rich submarine-fan strata to more proximal sand-rich submarine-fan strata that are in turn overlain by mari ...
... sandstone. The overall stratigraphy of the Nutzotin Mountains sequence represents a general upward-shallowing and upward-coarsening package that represents a general transition from distal mud-rich submarine-fan strata to more proximal sand-rich submarine-fan strata that are in turn overlain by mari ...
Wrench faults down to the asthenosphere
... deformation took place at temperatures >750°C. The major shear zones in this domain are typically several hundred kilometers long and up to 40 km wide. Numerous minor ductile wrench faults formed under similar P-T conditions are also documented. The tectonic fabric in the shear ...
... deformation took place at temperatures >750°C. The major shear zones in this domain are typically several hundred kilometers long and up to 40 km wide. Numerous minor ductile wrench faults formed under similar P-T conditions are also documented. The tectonic fabric in the shear ...
Spatial, temporal and geochemical evolution of
... Tauride platform (Şengör and Yılmaz, 1981). The Izmir–Ankara suture zone includes two different tectonostratigraphic units. In its northwestern and western parts, it consists of a wild-flysch sequence (Bornova flysch of Okay and Siyako, 1993), which contains abundant platform type carbonate olistholit ...
... Tauride platform (Şengör and Yılmaz, 1981). The Izmir–Ankara suture zone includes two different tectonostratigraphic units. In its northwestern and western parts, it consists of a wild-flysch sequence (Bornova flysch of Okay and Siyako, 1993), which contains abundant platform type carbonate olistholit ...
Technical Report On Three Gold Exploration Properties Pickle Lake
... Dempster gabbros The Confederation assemblage rocks are unconformably overlain to the south by the sedimentary Billett assemblage rocks (brownish-grey feldspathic wacke and shale) (Stott, 1996). The most prominent structural feature of the northern half of the M-DGB is the Bear Head Fault Zone (“BHF ...
... Dempster gabbros The Confederation assemblage rocks are unconformably overlain to the south by the sedimentary Billett assemblage rocks (brownish-grey feldspathic wacke and shale) (Stott, 1996). The most prominent structural feature of the northern half of the M-DGB is the Bear Head Fault Zone (“BHF ...
Origin of Archean subcontinental lithospheric mantle: Some
... ridge were thrust one beneath another in a subduction zone at the margin of the growing continent, as shown in Fig. 1b. The advantages of this model are: (a) it accounts for the presence within suites of mantle xenoliths of eclogite and garnet pyroxenite, which, in some cases, have geochemical and i ...
... ridge were thrust one beneath another in a subduction zone at the margin of the growing continent, as shown in Fig. 1b. The advantages of this model are: (a) it accounts for the presence within suites of mantle xenoliths of eclogite and garnet pyroxenite, which, in some cases, have geochemical and i ...
pdf
... Taking advantage of a new wealth of faunistic data collected by the Antarctic “heroic age” expeditions at the turn of the century (Belgica, Valdivia, Southern Cross, Gauss, Antarctic, Discovery, Scotia, Français, Pourquoi Pas, Terra Nova,…), Ekman (1935, 1953), in his seminal “Zoogeography of the Se ...
... Taking advantage of a new wealth of faunistic data collected by the Antarctic “heroic age” expeditions at the turn of the century (Belgica, Valdivia, Southern Cross, Gauss, Antarctic, Discovery, Scotia, Français, Pourquoi Pas, Terra Nova,…), Ekman (1935, 1953), in his seminal “Zoogeography of the Se ...
Thermal and metamorphic environment of subduction zone episodic
... rheology does not significantly affect the temperatures calculated for the shallow fore arc, unless flow in the mantle wedge corner were to extend updip to depths <50 km, which would be inconsistent with fore-arc heat flow observations [e.g., Wiens et al., 2008]. [10] A steady state thermal model of ...
... rheology does not significantly affect the temperatures calculated for the shallow fore arc, unless flow in the mantle wedge corner were to extend updip to depths <50 km, which would be inconsistent with fore-arc heat flow observations [e.g., Wiens et al., 2008]. [10] A steady state thermal model of ...
e@ntlr rnrrul ll ng €dJuJeortttt ornr
... elements, marks the line crustal stand upon either oceanic or continental into the along the surface above the place where descent of lithosphere Owing to the buoyancy of mantle triggers magmatism of orogenic type. cannot descend into the mantle, continental lithosphere continental crust, block at a ...
... elements, marks the line crustal stand upon either oceanic or continental into the along the surface above the place where descent of lithosphere Owing to the buoyancy of mantle triggers magmatism of orogenic type. cannot descend into the mantle, continental lithosphere continental crust, block at a ...
Full Text
... this discrepancy comes from the more storied lifetime of continental lithosphere compared to its oceanic counterpart. Oceanic lithosphere is created at the mid-ocean ridges, from which it ages, cools, and thickens until it meets it demise at subduction zones. Continental lithosphere, on the other ha ...
... this discrepancy comes from the more storied lifetime of continental lithosphere compared to its oceanic counterpart. Oceanic lithosphere is created at the mid-ocean ridges, from which it ages, cools, and thickens until it meets it demise at subduction zones. Continental lithosphere, on the other ha ...
Economic geology research, volume 1 1999-2000
... thorough studies of the metamorphic evolution have been undertaken so far. However, in general all rocks but the Sorsele type intrusions have experienced ductile deformation in greenschist to amphibolite grade metamorphism during the svecokarelian orogeny. The timing of deformation and metamorphism ...
... thorough studies of the metamorphic evolution have been undertaken so far. However, in general all rocks but the Sorsele type intrusions have experienced ductile deformation in greenschist to amphibolite grade metamorphism during the svecokarelian orogeny. The timing of deformation and metamorphism ...
Geol.Soc Australia Spec Publ.22 2003
... Australian continent. Further, they dated the Bena Bena terrane as Permian to Late Triassic and concluded that Australia’s cratonic margin extends at least as far north as the northern edge of the Bena Bena terrane, adjacent to the Finisterre Ranges (Figure 1). Crowhurst (1999) confirmed a Middle Tr ...
... Australian continent. Further, they dated the Bena Bena terrane as Permian to Late Triassic and concluded that Australia’s cratonic margin extends at least as far north as the northern edge of the Bena Bena terrane, adjacent to the Finisterre Ranges (Figure 1). Crowhurst (1999) confirmed a Middle Tr ...
Chapter Twelve: Intrusive Rocks
... Isolated plutons and small batholiths occur sporadically and with decreasing abundance to the far eastern limits of the Tagish map area where they intrude the Cache Creek terrane. Several intrusive episodes are recognized within each tectonostratigraphic terrane. Young intrusive episodes have affect ...
... Isolated plutons and small batholiths occur sporadically and with decreasing abundance to the far eastern limits of the Tagish map area where they intrude the Cache Creek terrane. Several intrusive episodes are recognized within each tectonostratigraphic terrane. Young intrusive episodes have affect ...
Evolution of the Earth as an andesite planet: water
... 6.0–6.8 km/s, equivalent to that of the average continental crust and typical of intermediate-composition plutonic rocks (Christensen and Mooney, 1995). This middle crust layer is underlain by a lower crust, a low-V uppermost mantle layer, and a normal upper mantle that exhibits a VP of 6.9–7.2, 7.2 ...
... 6.0–6.8 km/s, equivalent to that of the average continental crust and typical of intermediate-composition plutonic rocks (Christensen and Mooney, 1995). This middle crust layer is underlain by a lower crust, a low-V uppermost mantle layer, and a normal upper mantle that exhibits a VP of 6.9–7.2, 7.2 ...
thesis
... Norway. The SIP comprises a suite of mainly gabbroic plutons, with ultramafic, syenitic and felsic intrusions. The origin of the region has been interpreted in different ways and several tectonic models have been proposed. Many different ideas have been suggested about the metamorphic, magmatic and ...
... Norway. The SIP comprises a suite of mainly gabbroic plutons, with ultramafic, syenitic and felsic intrusions. The origin of the region has been interpreted in different ways and several tectonic models have been proposed. Many different ideas have been suggested about the metamorphic, magmatic and ...
Plate boundary deformation between the Pacific and North America
... plates is defined by the Queen Charlotte Fault (QCF). The Nootka Transform has been proposed as the northern boundary of the JdF plate (Riddihough and Hyndman, 1989), but its nature and exact location are questionable. Two different models have been proposed for the post-Miocene kinematics of this r ...
... plates is defined by the Queen Charlotte Fault (QCF). The Nootka Transform has been proposed as the northern boundary of the JdF plate (Riddihough and Hyndman, 1989), but its nature and exact location are questionable. Two different models have been proposed for the post-Miocene kinematics of this r ...
Revised Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Indian Ocean
... (Beslier et al., 2004; Colwell et al., 2006). The poor fit of these chron 33 magnetic anomaly identifications may be related to non-seafloor spreading related magnetisation of the ridges, and/or localised deformation related to the ultra-slow seafloor spreading and mantle exhumation, To extend our m ...
... (Beslier et al., 2004; Colwell et al., 2006). The poor fit of these chron 33 magnetic anomaly identifications may be related to non-seafloor spreading related magnetisation of the ridges, and/or localised deformation related to the ultra-slow seafloor spreading and mantle exhumation, To extend our m ...
Lewisian, Torridonian and Moine Rocks of Scotland
... third group, the Sleat Group, is only exposed on the Isle of Skye and is rather more enigmatic. The Moine Supergroup was also deposited during the early Neoproterozoic, and is now exposed to the east of the Moine Thrust Belt. Rocks considered to correlate with the Moine are also exposed on the Shetl ...
... third group, the Sleat Group, is only exposed on the Isle of Skye and is rather more enigmatic. The Moine Supergroup was also deposited during the early Neoproterozoic, and is now exposed to the east of the Moine Thrust Belt. Rocks considered to correlate with the Moine are also exposed on the Shetl ...
Lesson Plan: Earthquakes
... severe at its centre. > The higher on the Richter scale, the more severe the earthquake is. > The level of development – the more developed the nation, the more likely to have the resources and technology for monitoring, prediction and response. > The population density - the more densely populated ...
... severe at its centre. > The higher on the Richter scale, the more severe the earthquake is. > The level of development – the more developed the nation, the more likely to have the resources and technology for monitoring, prediction and response. > The population density - the more densely populated ...
Great Lakes tectonic zone
The Great Lakes tectonic zone is bounded by South Dakota at its tip and heads northeast to south of Duluth, Minnesota, then heads east through northern Wisconsin, Marquette, Michigan, and then trends more northeasterly to skim the northern-most shores of lakes Michigan and Huron before ending in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, area.During the Late Archean Era the Algoman orogeny added landmass to the Superior province by volcanic activity and continental collision along a boundary that stretches from present-day South Dakota, U.S., into the Lake Huron region near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.This crustal boundary is the Great Lakes tectonic zone. It is 1,400 km (870 mi) long, and separates the older Archean gneissic terrane to the south from younger Late Archean greenstone-granite terrane to the north.The zone is characterized by active compression during the Algoman orogeny (about 2,700 million years ago), a pulling-apart (extensional) tectonics (2,450 to 2,100 million years ago), a second compression during the Penokean orogeny (1,900 to 1,850 million years ago), a second extension during Middle Proterozoic time (1,600 million years ago) and minor reactivation during Phanerozoic time (the past 500 million years).Collision began along the Great Lakes tectonic zone (GLTZ) with the Algoman mountain-building event and continued for tens of millions of years. During the formation of the GLTZ, the gneissic Minnesota River Valley subprovince was thrust up onto the Superior province's edge as it consumed the Superior province's oceanic crust. Fragmentation of the Kenorland supercontinent began 2,450 million years ago and was completed by 2,100 million years ago. The Wyoming province is the continental landmass that is hypothesized to have rifted away from the southern Superior province portion of Kenorland, before moving rapidly west and docking with the Laurentia supercontinent 1,850 to 1,715 million years ago. Sedimentation from the GLTZ-rifting environment continued into the Penokean orogeny, which is the next major tectonic event in the Great Lakes region. Several earthquakes have been documented in Minnesota, Michigan's Upper Peninsula and Sudbury in the last 120 years along the GLTZ.