Coherent State Path Integrals
... Let {c†i } be a set of fermion creation operators, with i = 1, . . . , N , and {ci } the set of their N adjoint operators, i. e. the associated annihilation operators. The number operator for the i-th fermion is ni = c†i ci . Let us define the kets |0i ⟩ and |1i ⟩, which obey the obvious definitions ...
... Let {c†i } be a set of fermion creation operators, with i = 1, . . . , N , and {ci } the set of their N adjoint operators, i. e. the associated annihilation operators. The number operator for the i-th fermion is ni = c†i ci . Let us define the kets |0i ⟩ and |1i ⟩, which obey the obvious definitions ...
A Functional Architecture for Scalable Quantum Computing
... On each transmon or fluxonium qubit the single-qubit rotation gates RX (θ) = exp[−i θ2 X] and RY (θ) = exp[−i θ2 Y ] form a parametrized class of primitive gates, where X and Y are the usual Pauli matrices. The rotation angle θ may be implemented to high enough accuracy that gates are decoherence li ...
... On each transmon or fluxonium qubit the single-qubit rotation gates RX (θ) = exp[−i θ2 X] and RY (θ) = exp[−i θ2 Y ] form a parametrized class of primitive gates, where X and Y are the usual Pauli matrices. The rotation angle θ may be implemented to high enough accuracy that gates are decoherence li ...
PDF (Author Accepted Manuscript) - CLoK
... points. In particular, in the classical case the vehicle moves on a trajectory about the libration points for at least 700 days before escaping away. We show that this is true also if the modified long-distance Newtonian potential of effective gravity is employed. We also evaluate the impulse requir ...
... points. In particular, in the classical case the vehicle moves on a trajectory about the libration points for at least 700 days before escaping away. We show that this is true also if the modified long-distance Newtonian potential of effective gravity is employed. We also evaluate the impulse requir ...
Energy-related Problems - Research Laboratory of Electronics
... results as a device composed of two thermoelectric materials, where the solid gap region acts as a conventional thermoelectric and the very thin junction region acts as a material with an anomalously high thermopower. The thin (micron) junction region in this case dominates the thermally induced vol ...
... results as a device composed of two thermoelectric materials, where the solid gap region acts as a conventional thermoelectric and the very thin junction region acts as a material with an anomalously high thermopower. The thin (micron) junction region in this case dominates the thermally induced vol ...
What is Solid State Physics? - Department of Physics and Astronomy
... of the Hamiltonian - so there can't be a dipole moment (interactions between ions and electrons have no preferred direction in space). On the other hand, ammonia molecule obviously has dipole moment? RESOLUTION: The ammonia molecule ground state is a superposition of states, so as to recover the sym ...
... of the Hamiltonian - so there can't be a dipole moment (interactions between ions and electrons have no preferred direction in space). On the other hand, ammonia molecule obviously has dipole moment? RESOLUTION: The ammonia molecule ground state is a superposition of states, so as to recover the sym ...
Quantum Mechanics in Three Dimensions
... constant and E becomes a candidate for quantization. In that case, the quantum states are stationary waves (r)e⫺it, with ⫽ E/ប, where E is the sharp value of particle energy. But for central forces, angular momentum L about the force center also is constant (a central force exerts no torque abou ...
... constant and E becomes a candidate for quantization. In that case, the quantum states are stationary waves (r)e⫺it, with ⫽ E/ប, where E is the sharp value of particle energy. But for central forces, angular momentum L about the force center also is constant (a central force exerts no torque abou ...
Stochastic semiclassical cosmological models
... creation of massless nonconformal particles. Our dynamical back-reaction equations for the cosmological scale factor generalize that of Ref. @28# in that a new stochastic source is included. Because we start with a CTP functional formalism our equations are real and causal and thus they admit an ini ...
... creation of massless nonconformal particles. Our dynamical back-reaction equations for the cosmological scale factor generalize that of Ref. @28# in that a new stochastic source is included. Because we start with a CTP functional formalism our equations are real and causal and thus they admit an ini ...
Free Energies of Cavity and Noncavity Hydrated Electrons at the
... from aqueous iodide, which is a surface-active anion.26 One would thus expect a surface excess of hydrated electrons at early pump−probe time delays, but instead, these studies found evidence only for bulk solvation following an ultrafast (∼1 ps) relaxation time scale. We note that our finding that t ...
... from aqueous iodide, which is a surface-active anion.26 One would thus expect a surface excess of hydrated electrons at early pump−probe time delays, but instead, these studies found evidence only for bulk solvation following an ultrafast (∼1 ps) relaxation time scale. We note that our finding that t ...
Simulating Charge Stability Diagrams for Double and Triple
... in terms of binary. The difference, between a qubit and a classical bit is the qubit’s ability to be in both 0 and 1 simultaneously–a superposition of up and down for the example of the electron’s spin. It is this property of superposition, along with something called quantum entanglement, that diff ...
... in terms of binary. The difference, between a qubit and a classical bit is the qubit’s ability to be in both 0 and 1 simultaneously–a superposition of up and down for the example of the electron’s spin. It is this property of superposition, along with something called quantum entanglement, that diff ...
Introduction toElementary Particle Phenomenology
... In fact, the τ + and θ+ were found to be identical in terms of their mass, charge and other properties (within experimental precision) and were only distinguished by their decay modes.∗ The two particles decayed quite differently and hence their being considered distinct. The τ + decayed into three ...
... In fact, the τ + and θ+ were found to be identical in terms of their mass, charge and other properties (within experimental precision) and were only distinguished by their decay modes.∗ The two particles decayed quite differently and hence their being considered distinct. The τ + decayed into three ...
Steven Simon
... No local measurements can determine this quantum number! → No local operator can couple to this quantum number ...
... No local measurements can determine this quantum number! → No local operator can couple to this quantum number ...
Pasechnik
... dispersion point of view We have two dispersion relations for anomaly. The equaling of l.h.s. of this relations with and being interchanged gives ...
... dispersion point of view We have two dispersion relations for anomaly. The equaling of l.h.s. of this relations with and being interchanged gives ...
Irreversibility and the Arrow of Time in a Quenched
... a NMR setting, assessing both the mean entropy produced across the process and the distance between the state of the system and its reverse version, at all times of the evolution. Let us discuss the physical origin of such time asymmetry in a closed quantum system. Using an ...
... a NMR setting, assessing both the mean entropy produced across the process and the distance between the state of the system and its reverse version, at all times of the evolution. Let us discuss the physical origin of such time asymmetry in a closed quantum system. Using an ...
Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it ""the jewel of physics"" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.