Conservation of the nonlinear curvature perturbation in generic
... • In order to estimate the non-Gaussianity correctly, we have to make a analysis beyond linear order. • There are mainly two approaches to nonlinear cosmological perturbations. 1. the standard perturbative approach. 2. the gradient expansion approach ...
... • In order to estimate the non-Gaussianity correctly, we have to make a analysis beyond linear order. • There are mainly two approaches to nonlinear cosmological perturbations. 1. the standard perturbative approach. 2. the gradient expansion approach ...
Quantum Field Theory I, Lecture Notes
... Usually, excitations of the quantum field will be described by “particles”. In QFT the number of these particles is not conserved, they are created and annihilated when they interact. It is precisely what we observe in elementary particle physics, hence QFT has become the mathematical framework for ...
... Usually, excitations of the quantum field will be described by “particles”. In QFT the number of these particles is not conserved, they are created and annihilated when they interact. It is precisely what we observe in elementary particle physics, hence QFT has become the mathematical framework for ...
PDF
... Linear optical quantum computation (LOQC) has recently attracted great interests following the demonstration [1] that a scalable quantum computer based on linear optical components is possible. It has also been known that linear optical systems could achieve non-scalable quantum computation by encod ...
... Linear optical quantum computation (LOQC) has recently attracted great interests following the demonstration [1] that a scalable quantum computer based on linear optical components is possible. It has also been known that linear optical systems could achieve non-scalable quantum computation by encod ...
Electrical Properties PDF
... The discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson in 1897 enbaled P. Drude to produce a very satisfactory theory of the electrical and thermal conductivities of metals in 1900. In 1904-1905, H. A. Lorentz gave an improved mathematical formulation of Drude theory without essentially adding anything to ...
... The discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson in 1897 enbaled P. Drude to produce a very satisfactory theory of the electrical and thermal conductivities of metals in 1900. In 1904-1905, H. A. Lorentz gave an improved mathematical formulation of Drude theory without essentially adding anything to ...
Glashow-Weinberg-Salam Model: An Example of Electroweak
... interaction are short ranged, the corresponding mechanism is quite different. The short ranged property of strong interaction is due to confinement of some gauge field ( gluon in this case), but it turns out that short ranged weak interaction is caused by another mechanism: symmetry spontaneous brea ...
... interaction are short ranged, the corresponding mechanism is quite different. The short ranged property of strong interaction is due to confinement of some gauge field ( gluon in this case), but it turns out that short ranged weak interaction is caused by another mechanism: symmetry spontaneous brea ...
here
... particle as well as for a simple harmonic oscillator, indicating the direction of trajectories. A dynamical variable that is constant along trajectories is called a constant of motion. Its value may differ from trajectory to trajectory. The hamiltonian H = T + V is a conserved quantity for conservat ...
... particle as well as for a simple harmonic oscillator, indicating the direction of trajectories. A dynamical variable that is constant along trajectories is called a constant of motion. Its value may differ from trajectory to trajectory. The hamiltonian H = T + V is a conserved quantity for conservat ...
Atoms in strong laser fields
... Harmonic generation is merely another aspect of a strong field interacting with a medium. Instead of looking at ions or electrons, we study the radiation that is emitted when the intense laser field interacts with the gas. This radiation is emitted at odd multiples of the laser frequency and can ext ...
... Harmonic generation is merely another aspect of a strong field interacting with a medium. Instead of looking at ions or electrons, we study the radiation that is emitted when the intense laser field interacts with the gas. This radiation is emitted at odd multiples of the laser frequency and can ext ...
quantum effects in biology - Assets
... world which we know as quantum mechanics was first formulated nearly 90 years ago, and its predictions tested in the laboratory, most of the experiments in question were on systems which were both very well characterized and reasonably well isolated from their environments, such as single electrons ...
... world which we know as quantum mechanics was first formulated nearly 90 years ago, and its predictions tested in the laboratory, most of the experiments in question were on systems which were both very well characterized and reasonably well isolated from their environments, such as single electrons ...
Probing exciton localization in nonpolar GaN/AlN quantum dots by
... by an UV-optimized microscope objective 共numerical aperture of 0.4兲, leading to a 1 m spot. The photoluminescence is collected through the same microscope objective, analyzed by a single grating monochromator 共with a resolution of 0.3 meV around 4 eV兲, and detected by a liquid-nitrogencooled charge ...
... by an UV-optimized microscope objective 共numerical aperture of 0.4兲, leading to a 1 m spot. The photoluminescence is collected through the same microscope objective, analyzed by a single grating monochromator 共with a resolution of 0.3 meV around 4 eV兲, and detected by a liquid-nitrogencooled charge ...
Probing Electronic Radial Wave Packets Using Impulsive
... the data for all HCP polarization directions and polarities. If for some electron velocity there was an actual difference in the probability for finding the electron moving in the positive rather negative direction, then the features in the momentum distribution would reverse under a change in the HC ...
... the data for all HCP polarization directions and polarities. If for some electron velocity there was an actual difference in the probability for finding the electron moving in the positive rather negative direction, then the features in the momentum distribution would reverse under a change in the HC ...
Quantum algorithms for shortest paths problems in structured instances
... geometrically weighted graphs, which we discuss in the next section (and which will allow us to even improve the run-time of the algorithm given in this section for the node-weighted case). Our quantum algorithm for node-weighted APSP proceeds as follows. As done previously in APSP algorithms for in ...
... geometrically weighted graphs, which we discuss in the next section (and which will allow us to even improve the run-time of the algorithm given in this section for the node-weighted case). Our quantum algorithm for node-weighted APSP proceeds as follows. As done previously in APSP algorithms for in ...
Complete Axiomatizations for Quantum Actions
... orthoframes2 ) to the full (orthomodular) quantum logic, and beyond. One of the main problems of orthoframes (as shown in [15]) was that orthomodularity could not be captured by any first-order frame condition. In contrast, in our setting, orthomodularity corresponds to a nice first-order frame cond ...
... orthoframes2 ) to the full (orthomodular) quantum logic, and beyond. One of the main problems of orthoframes (as shown in [15]) was that orthomodularity could not be captured by any first-order frame condition. In contrast, in our setting, orthomodularity corresponds to a nice first-order frame cond ...
Temperature and Doping Dependencies of Electron Mobility in InAs
... ms−1 while those for AlAs and AlGaAs are about 0.8 × 105 ms−1 and 105 ms−1 , respectively. At higher electric fields, intervalley optical phonon emission dominates, causing the drift velocity to saturate at around 1.2 × 105 ms−1 . The calculated high field electron drift velocity apparent from Fig. ...
... ms−1 while those for AlAs and AlGaAs are about 0.8 × 105 ms−1 and 105 ms−1 , respectively. At higher electric fields, intervalley optical phonon emission dominates, causing the drift velocity to saturate at around 1.2 × 105 ms−1 . The calculated high field electron drift velocity apparent from Fig. ...
Gibbs' paradox and black-hole entropy
... to yield the entropy. Both string theory and quantum general relativity have provided partial answers; the fundamental entities can there be D-branes or spin networks [2]. The picture is, however, far from being complete. In fact, one suffers from an embarrassment of riches, as Steven Carlip has cal ...
... to yield the entropy. Both string theory and quantum general relativity have provided partial answers; the fundamental entities can there be D-branes or spin networks [2]. The picture is, however, far from being complete. In fact, one suffers from an embarrassment of riches, as Steven Carlip has cal ...
Lecture notes
... The research at Nikhef includes both accelerator based particle physics and astro-particle physics. A strategic plan, describing the research programmes at Nikhef can be found on the web, from: www.nikhef.nl/fileadmin/Doc/Docs & pdf/StrategicPlan.pdf . The accelerator physics research of Nikhef is c ...
... The research at Nikhef includes both accelerator based particle physics and astro-particle physics. A strategic plan, describing the research programmes at Nikhef can be found on the web, from: www.nikhef.nl/fileadmin/Doc/Docs & pdf/StrategicPlan.pdf . The accelerator physics research of Nikhef is c ...
Spin effects in semiconductor quantum dot structures
... 2. Control over a two-electron spin state 2.1. Model for two interacting electrons We 4rst discuss a simple model that describes 4lling of two single-particle states with two interacting electrons. Fig. 1(a) shows two, spin-degenerate single-particle states with energies Ea and Eb crossing each othe ...
... 2. Control over a two-electron spin state 2.1. Model for two interacting electrons We 4rst discuss a simple model that describes 4lling of two single-particle states with two interacting electrons. Fig. 1(a) shows two, spin-degenerate single-particle states with energies Ea and Eb crossing each othe ...
here.
... • These notes (http://www.cmi.ac.in/ ∼ govind/teaching/qm2-o11) are a continuation of the notes from QM1, available on this website. They are very sketchy and aren’t a substitute for text books or attendance and taking notes at lectures. Some suggested text books have been listed on the course webpa ...
... • These notes (http://www.cmi.ac.in/ ∼ govind/teaching/qm2-o11) are a continuation of the notes from QM1, available on this website. They are very sketchy and aren’t a substitute for text books or attendance and taking notes at lectures. Some suggested text books have been listed on the course webpa ...
Quantum Plasmas - Bucharest Brahms Page
... A little bit of history... Benjamin Franklin performed the first systematic, scientific study of lightning during the second half of the 18th century. Prior to that time, electrical science had developed to the point where positive and negative charges could be separated. Electrical machines could, ...
... A little bit of history... Benjamin Franklin performed the first systematic, scientific study of lightning during the second half of the 18th century. Prior to that time, electrical science had developed to the point where positive and negative charges could be separated. Electrical machines could, ...
Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. QED mathematically describes all phenomena involving electrically charged particles interacting by means of exchange of photons and represents the quantum counterpart of classical electromagnetism giving a complete account of matter and light interaction.In technical terms, QED can be described as a perturbation theory of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. Richard Feynman called it ""the jewel of physics"" for its extremely accurate predictions of quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lamb shift of the energy levels of hydrogen.