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SA Pharmaceutical Journal
SA Pharmaceutical Journal

... Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves the academic, social and family functioning of the child. Prevalence of the disorder is approximately 5.3% worldwide and occurs mostly in boys. The consequences of ADHD may be substance abuse and other personality disorders, e.g. delinquency. ...
Autism spectrum disorders : an epidemiological
Autism spectrum disorders : an epidemiological

... Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), defined as pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) in DSM-IV and ICD-10, become manifest in childhood, ranging from a severe form, autism, to milder forms, Asperger syndrome (AS) and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)/aty ...
A study was done to investigate the Prevalence of
A study was done to investigate the Prevalence of

... A cross sectional study was done to measure the prevalence of eating disorders in Spanish early-adolescent students . A two-stage survey of prevalence of ED in a representative sample of 12 to 13 year old students in 2007 in Zaragoza (Spain). A two-phase cross sectional design, which involved the sc ...
Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... children in the preschool and early school years. • It is hard for these children to control their behavior and/or pay attention. • It is estimated that between 3 and 5 percent of children have ADHD, or approximately 2 million children in the United States. – This means that in a classroom of 25 to ...
Chapter 5 - IPFW.edu
Chapter 5 - IPFW.edu

... rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the ...
Resting-state functional connectivity
Resting-state functional connectivity

... situation has prompted us to shift from symptom-based diagnosis to data-driven diagnosis, aiming to redefine psychiatric disorders as disorders of neural circuitry. Promising candidates for datadriven diagnosis include resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI)-based biomarkers. Although b ...
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an approach developed by
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is an approach developed by

... presence of many of these criteria fluctuate. Here is a more detailed explanation of these symptoms: Abandonment Fears. These fears should be distinguished from the more common and less severe phenomena of separation anxiety. The perception of impending separation or rejection, or the loss of extern ...
Rapid Review in Personality Disorders
Rapid Review in Personality Disorders

... Organisation also provides diagnostic guidelines for eight personality disorders, which are closely linked to DSM formulations. The eight personality disorders included in the ICD-10 (WHO, 1992) are: paranoid, schizoid, dissocial, emotionally unstable (impulsive type and borderline type), histrionic ...
DSM-IV-TR Masters
DSM-IV-TR Masters

... Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, and Other Cognitive Disorders These disorders are dominated by impairment in cognitive functioning. They include Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition These are mental disorders that are caused primarily by a g ...
Psychogenic Movement Disorders
Psychogenic Movement Disorders

... The definite nature of emotional disorders responsible of psychogenic disorders, and their functional consequences on neural systems in the brain, still remain largely unknown. In the closing decades of the 19th century, researchers have progressively been looking for organic correlates of PMDs and ...
ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER OR
ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER OR

... general conceptualization of ON as a “fixation on healthy food” (p. 9) and obsession for proper nutrition that focuses on food quality rather than quantity. Bratman was the first to coin the term ON in 1997, and none of the studies since have sought to expand or redefine this interpretation into an ...
DDA PowerPoint
DDA PowerPoint

... It is a rapidly developing, fluctuating state of reduced awareness in which the following are true:  Delirium often starts with reduced clarity or awareness of the environment; i.e., with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention, and  The client has at least one deficit of memory, ori ...
Risk Impact of having a first-degree relative with affective disorder: a
Risk Impact of having a first-degree relative with affective disorder: a

... factors. Evidence from twin, family and adoption studies indicates a strong genetic predisposition to affective disorders and a close genetic relationship between unipolar and bipolar disorder (for reviews see 10,14). Kendler and colleagues were the first to describe a study design that identified t ...
Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

... toward, difficulty disengaging from, and attentional avoidance of threatening stimuli ...
View Full Page PDF
View Full Page PDF

... spectrum of functionality, with some individuals merely being preoccupied with obsessive thoughts about appearance and others being completely housebound or subject to suicidal ideas. Body dysmorphic disorder may lead to avoidant behaviours, culminating in extreme social isolation. In some cases, mu ...
Chapter 11 Power
Chapter 11 Power

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Chapter 13 Notes - North Mac Schools
Chapter 13 Notes - North Mac Schools

... • Behavior considered abnormal in one culture may be deemed perfectly normal in another? • Psychological disorders affect nearly everyone in one way or another? • Some people have such fear of leaving the house that they literally are unable to go out to buy a quart of milk? Copyright © Houghton Mif ...
Page 1 However, there was the first attempt at "humanitarian
Page 1 However, there was the first attempt at "humanitarian

... a response, there is a 1% cumulative chance per round that the character will react with homicidal mania (see insanity). Once provaction ceases, the catationa returns. Delirium - This disorder involves a temporary state in which a person’s thoughts, level of consciousness, speech, memory, orientati ...
A young lady who eat a lot - Centre on Behavioral Health
A young lady who eat a lot - Centre on Behavioral Health

... physician. She felt nobody understand her. As a result, her problem could not be solved. One day, her chance of “recovery” came! (in fact, it should be remission). What was it? ...
Tourette`s Syndrome
Tourette`s Syndrome

... present at some time during illness, although not necessarily concurrently • Tics occur many times a day (usually in bouts) nearly every day or intermittently throughout a period of more than one year, and during this period there was never a tic-free period of >3 months • Onset before age 18 years ...
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders

... Treating the Substance Use Disorder: Any medication useful for the treatment of addiction is useful in the treatment of dually diagnosed individuals But that does not mean there is a specific psychotropic effect beyond anti-addiction mechanism and decrease in substanceinduced psychiatric symptoms ...
The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety
The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety

... BD and anxiety appears to vary across the life span. For instance, data suggest SP most often precedes mania and then resolves, while other comorbid anxiety disorders tend to persist.35 A staging model has been proposed in which anxiety disorders appear as an early manifestation of psychopathology i ...
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

... Side Effects of ADHD Drugs • Rarely, medications for ADHD can cause more serious side effects. • For instance, some stimulants are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular problems and sudden death. • They may also exacerbate psychiatric conditions like depression or anxiety. ...
Computational Psychiatry
Computational Psychiatry

... containing mostly green and some red balls, the other the converse. A sequence of balls is being drawn from one of these jars, in view of an observer, who is asked to guess from which jar they are coming. We have illustrated a simple hierarchical generative model of this process on the right: the ob ...
Access to Health Promoting and Preserving Your Psychological
Access to Health Promoting and Preserving Your Psychological

... 32) Denise often experiences sudden bursts of acute anxiety known as A) obsessive-compulsive behaviors. B) panic attacks. ...
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Spectrum disorder



A spectrum disorder is a mental disorder that includes a range of linked conditions, sometimes also extending to include singular symptoms and traits. The different elements of a spectrum either have a similar appearance or are thought to be caused by the same underlying mechanism. In either case, a spectrum approach is taken because there appears to be ""not a unitary disorder but rather a syndrome composed of subgroups"". The spectrum may represent a range of severity, comprising relatively ""severe"" mental disorders through to relatively ""mild and nonclinical deficits"".In some cases, a spectrum approach joins together conditions that were previously considered separately. A notable example of this trend is the autism spectrum, where conditions on this spectrum may now all be referred to as autism spectrum disorders. In other cases, what was treated as a single disorder comes to be seen (or seen once again) as comprising a range of types, a notable example being the bipolar spectrum. A spectrum approach may also expand the type or the severity of issues which are included, which may lessen the gap with other diagnoses or with what is considered ""normal"". Proponents of this approach argue that it is in line with evidence of gradations in the type or severity of symptoms in the general population, and helps reduce the stigma associated with a diagnosis. Critics, however, argue that it can take attention and resources away from the most serious conditions associated with the most disability, or on the other hand could unduly medicalize problems which are simply challenges people face in life.
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