Natural HPV immunity and vaccination strategies
... recognizing conformational epitopes on virus-like particles used as immunogens; these antibodies are also able to neutralize the animal viruses (Schiller, 1999). The serological response to HPV capsid proteins is undoubtedly a consequence of exposure to the pathogen but absence of such antibodies do ...
... recognizing conformational epitopes on virus-like particles used as immunogens; these antibodies are also able to neutralize the animal viruses (Schiller, 1999). The serological response to HPV capsid proteins is undoubtedly a consequence of exposure to the pathogen but absence of such antibodies do ...
Dissolving Illusions: Disease, Vaccines, and the Forgotten History A
... documents today, they don’t really know how long. They estimate that a vaccine might keep you immune for about 10 years. But we really don’t know for sure, because in any vaccine the take rate is going to vary among the population. The theory was that you would develop some cellular and humoral immu ...
... documents today, they don’t really know how long. They estimate that a vaccine might keep you immune for about 10 years. But we really don’t know for sure, because in any vaccine the take rate is going to vary among the population. The theory was that you would develop some cellular and humoral immu ...
Final Case Study - Cal State LA
... Even with childhood vaccination programs available in these countries, this shows that a portion of the adults in both Belgium and Australia is seronegative for antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin. After one vaccination, individuals had antibody concentrations for the diseases that w ...
... Even with childhood vaccination programs available in these countries, this shows that a portion of the adults in both Belgium and Australia is seronegative for antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin. After one vaccination, individuals had antibody concentrations for the diseases that w ...
Studies on the development of a vaccine against Mycobacterium sp.
... to other Mycobacterium species and synonyms for the three major species (Decostere, Hermans and Haesebrouck, 2004). In 1985, an epidemic caused by Mycobacterium sp. affected cultured yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) in Sukumo bay, Japan (Kusuda, Kawakami and Kawai, 1987). The symptoms of the dise ...
... to other Mycobacterium species and synonyms for the three major species (Decostere, Hermans and Haesebrouck, 2004). In 1985, an epidemic caused by Mycobacterium sp. affected cultured yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) in Sukumo bay, Japan (Kusuda, Kawakami and Kawai, 1987). The symptoms of the dise ...
Genomic Catastrophism and the Origin of Vertebrate Immunity
... ly proposed that the ancestors of bony fish underwent a round of genome duplication. However, the conclusion that this duplication occurred in the ancestors of all bony fish is unwarranted. Pufferfish have only 4 hox clusters, suggesting that the duplication may have occurred independently in the ze ...
... ly proposed that the ancestors of bony fish underwent a round of genome duplication. However, the conclusion that this duplication occurred in the ancestors of all bony fish is unwarranted. Pufferfish have only 4 hox clusters, suggesting that the duplication may have occurred independently in the ze ...
Exam 1 Q2 Review Sheet
... 20. What is the main function of B-cells and how do memory B-cells work? 21. Identify the link between the non-specific immune system and the cell-mediated arm of the acquired immune system. 22. In class we spoke about how phagocytes will phagocytose microorganisms and display their pieces (antigen ...
... 20. What is the main function of B-cells and how do memory B-cells work? 21. Identify the link between the non-specific immune system and the cell-mediated arm of the acquired immune system. 22. In class we spoke about how phagocytes will phagocytose microorganisms and display their pieces (antigen ...
Algae-based oral recombinant vaccines
... the sexual and gamete stages of Plasmodium, the causative pathogen of malaria. There is some evidence that these vaccines may provide partial protection to individuals, but the main benefit of vaccination with a transmission-blocking vaccine is derived from herd immunity preventing the spread of the ...
... the sexual and gamete stages of Plasmodium, the causative pathogen of malaria. There is some evidence that these vaccines may provide partial protection to individuals, but the main benefit of vaccination with a transmission-blocking vaccine is derived from herd immunity preventing the spread of the ...
New Strategies for Vaccine Development - Initial Set Up
... microorganism and creation of subunit preparations, have been very successful in the development of vaccines against infectious agents. However, there are some diseases for which attempts to develop vaccines using conventional approaches have failed. These include chronic infectious diseases such as ...
... microorganism and creation of subunit preparations, have been very successful in the development of vaccines against infectious agents. However, there are some diseases for which attempts to develop vaccines using conventional approaches have failed. These include chronic infectious diseases such as ...
Immune response to fungal infections
... The immune mechanisms of defence against fungal infections are numerous, and range from protective mechanisms that were present early in evolution (innate immunity) to sophisticated adaptive mechanisms that are induced specifically during infection and disease (adaptive immunity). The first-line inn ...
... The immune mechanisms of defence against fungal infections are numerous, and range from protective mechanisms that were present early in evolution (innate immunity) to sophisticated adaptive mechanisms that are induced specifically during infection and disease (adaptive immunity). The first-line inn ...
an abstract example in the correct form
... Meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A represents an important public health problem in Africa. Since 2000, outbreaks of serogroup W135 have also occurred. Currently, there is a shortage of meningococcal vaccines to cope with an eventual crisis of multiple large-scale meningococcal epi ...
... Meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A represents an important public health problem in Africa. Since 2000, outbreaks of serogroup W135 have also occurred. Currently, there is a shortage of meningococcal vaccines to cope with an eventual crisis of multiple large-scale meningococcal epi ...
Autoimmune disease and infection
... designed to provide protection against almost all infections. Furthermore, polymorphisms in genes that control the immune system ensure that the species as a whole can generate sufficient immunological diversity to survive any new infectious onslaught. The drawback to such a broadly responsive defen ...
... designed to provide protection against almost all infections. Furthermore, polymorphisms in genes that control the immune system ensure that the species as a whole can generate sufficient immunological diversity to survive any new infectious onslaught. The drawback to such a broadly responsive defen ...
optimal - Amazing Wellness Magazine
... approved by the FDA as a natural source of dietary fiber—but recent studies have found that it also boasts powerful therapeutic benefits as an immune stimulant. It’s been shown to enhance the effectiveness of several types of vaccines, including tetanus and pneumonia. ...
... approved by the FDA as a natural source of dietary fiber—but recent studies have found that it also boasts powerful therapeutic benefits as an immune stimulant. It’s been shown to enhance the effectiveness of several types of vaccines, including tetanus and pneumonia. ...
Strengthening the Immune System
... deliberate induction of an immune response. Other important manipulations include immunosuppression for transplant rejection and severe allergic reactions. The most commonly Tel. (415) 257-3099 ...
... deliberate induction of an immune response. Other important manipulations include immunosuppression for transplant rejection and severe allergic reactions. The most commonly Tel. (415) 257-3099 ...
Why does drug resistance readily evolve but vaccine resistance
... new drug is introduced, drug resistance can rapidly evolve, leading to treatment failures [12]. For instance, most Staphylococcus aureus isolates in British hospitals were resistant to penicillin just 6 years after the introduction of the drug [13]. Similar evolutionary trajectories have been observ ...
... new drug is introduced, drug resistance can rapidly evolve, leading to treatment failures [12]. For instance, most Staphylococcus aureus isolates in British hospitals were resistant to penicillin just 6 years after the introduction of the drug [13]. Similar evolutionary trajectories have been observ ...
Autoimmune Disorders in Pregnancy
... adaptive and supportive to the allogeneic fetus • Important to be aware of the various autoimmune disorders due to the predominance in women • SLE in pregnancy should be monitored closely as any flare can impact the pregnancy in terms of placental function and delivery timing • SSA and SSB should ...
... adaptive and supportive to the allogeneic fetus • Important to be aware of the various autoimmune disorders due to the predominance in women • SLE in pregnancy should be monitored closely as any flare can impact the pregnancy in terms of placental function and delivery timing • SSA and SSB should ...
MMR Vaccine Education for Patients
... The period of greatest risk for the harmful effects of rubella on the fetus is during the first trimester. If a pregnant woman is infected, her baby may contract congenital rubella from her, which can cause significant congenital defects. The best therapy for rubella is prevention. During prenatal ...
... The period of greatest risk for the harmful effects of rubella on the fetus is during the first trimester. If a pregnant woman is infected, her baby may contract congenital rubella from her, which can cause significant congenital defects. The best therapy for rubella is prevention. During prenatal ...
epidemiology of infectious disease
... transmitted to humans from contact with infected animals and has three clinical forms in humans: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalation anthrax. The organisms from infected animals most often infect humans by contact with contaminated animal hides or pelts; this disease has been called woolsort ...
... transmitted to humans from contact with infected animals and has three clinical forms in humans: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalation anthrax. The organisms from infected animals most often infect humans by contact with contaminated animal hides or pelts; this disease has been called woolsort ...
AIDS Vaccines: The basics
... – Moderately effective – 31% protection; not licensable – Follow up research identified possible explanations for vaccinerelated protection and avenues for improvement • New clinical trials launched by P5 in southern Africa in January 2015 – Modified regimen being tested in South Africa; potential e ...
... – Moderately effective – 31% protection; not licensable – Follow up research identified possible explanations for vaccinerelated protection and avenues for improvement • New clinical trials launched by P5 in southern Africa in January 2015 – Modified regimen being tested in South Africa; potential e ...
IL-4 is the signature Th2 effector cytokine
... TNF Family (e.g., TNF-a, CD40L, FasL, LT-b) TGF-b Family (e.g., TGF-b ) Chemokines (e.g., CC and CXC families) Hematopoietins / a.k.a. Four Helix Bundle (e.g., IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, GM-CSF, IFN-g, IFNa/b) ...
... TNF Family (e.g., TNF-a, CD40L, FasL, LT-b) TGF-b Family (e.g., TGF-b ) Chemokines (e.g., CC and CXC families) Hematopoietins / a.k.a. Four Helix Bundle (e.g., IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, GM-CSF, IFN-g, IFNa/b) ...
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease
... Every child who gets Hib disease before they are 2 years of age Living in a large or crowded household, living with pre-school or should complete a full age appropriate course* of Hib vaccine school-aged siblings, or attending day care can increase the risk of doses, commencing 4 weeks after their i ...
... Every child who gets Hib disease before they are 2 years of age Living in a large or crowded household, living with pre-school or should complete a full age appropriate course* of Hib vaccine school-aged siblings, or attending day care can increase the risk of doses, commencing 4 weeks after their i ...
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease
... Every child who gets Hib disease before they are 2 years of age Living in a large or crowded household, living with pre-school or should complete a full age appropriate course* of Hib vaccine school-aged siblings, or attending day care can increase the risk of doses, commencing 4 weeks after their i ...
... Every child who gets Hib disease before they are 2 years of age Living in a large or crowded household, living with pre-school or should complete a full age appropriate course* of Hib vaccine school-aged siblings, or attending day care can increase the risk of doses, commencing 4 weeks after their i ...
with UPPER CERVICAL CHIROPRACTIC
... have been taking too many of them and new, deadlier organisms, like the powerful drug-resistant tuberculosis strain, have been emerging as a result.” 13 JEFFREY FISHER, MD “Chronic middle ear problems in children have not diminished, despite the number of antibiotics being used to treat them. We hav ...
... have been taking too many of them and new, deadlier organisms, like the powerful drug-resistant tuberculosis strain, have been emerging as a result.” 13 JEFFREY FISHER, MD “Chronic middle ear problems in children have not diminished, despite the number of antibiotics being used to treat them. We hav ...
Fungal Lung Disease - American Thoracic Society
... One of these cytokines, tumor necrosis factor, is key to many of the body’s immune processes. In addition, patients with chronic debilitating diseases, who are in an immune-deficient state, make an attractive host for invasive fungi. Massive population growth, urban development, and climate change ...
... One of these cytokines, tumor necrosis factor, is key to many of the body’s immune processes. In addition, patients with chronic debilitating diseases, who are in an immune-deficient state, make an attractive host for invasive fungi. Massive population growth, urban development, and climate change ...
PPS - Doctor of the Future
... Review - Distinguish yourself • It is more apparent why people are choosing alternative health care professionals who specialize in a functional approach • No matter you specialty or technique you must distinguish yourself as an expert – people are just seeking to understand and they need you to do ...
... Review - Distinguish yourself • It is more apparent why people are choosing alternative health care professionals who specialize in a functional approach • No matter you specialty or technique you must distinguish yourself as an expert – people are just seeking to understand and they need you to do ...
Transplantation
... – NK> CD8> CD4~B-cell – More T-cell, recover faster, so, T-repleted PB> BM> T-cell depleted> Cord blood (Ref. T-cell content: PB:10X, BM:X, CB:0.1X; partial TCD is 1.5~2.0 log; rigorous TCD is 3.0~5.0 log) – GVHD will slowdown immune recovery – Young pts recovered faster than old – ATG delayed T-cel ...
... – NK> CD8> CD4~B-cell – More T-cell, recover faster, so, T-repleted PB> BM> T-cell depleted> Cord blood (Ref. T-cell content: PB:10X, BM:X, CB:0.1X; partial TCD is 1.5~2.0 log; rigorous TCD is 3.0~5.0 log) – GVHD will slowdown immune recovery – Young pts recovered faster than old – ATG delayed T-cel ...
Herd immunity
Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or social immunity) is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune. In a population in which a large number of individuals are immune, chains of infection are likely to be disrupted, which stops or slows the spread of disease. The greater the proportion of individuals in a community who are immune, the smaller the probability that those who are not immune will come into contact with an infectious individual.Individual immunity can be gained through recovering from a natural infection or through artificial means such as vaccination. Some individuals cannot become immune due to medical reasons and in this group herd immunity is an important method of protection. Once a certain threshold has been reached, herd immunity will gradually eliminate a disease from a population. This elimination, if achieved worldwide, may result in the permanent reduction in the number of infections to zero, called eradication. This method was used for the eradication of smallpox in 1977 and for the regional elimination of other diseases. Herd immunity does not apply to all diseases, just those that are contagious, meaning that they can be transmitted from one individual to another. Tetanus, for example, is infectious but not contagious, so herd immunity does not apply.The term herd immunity was first used in 1923. It was recognized as a naturally occurring phenomenon in the 1930s when it was observed that after a significant number of children had become immune to measles, the number of new infections temporarily decreased, including among susceptible children. Mass vaccination to induce herd immunity has since become common and proved successful in preventing the spread of many infectious diseases. Opposition to vaccination has posed a challenge to herd immunity, allowing preventable diseases to persist in or return to communities that have inadequate vaccination rates.