US - Real Science
... group ___ has no near neighbors. It is not clear whether __ may have swallowed a small companion in its past. __ what caused the asymmetry and the stellar baby boom? Most of the star formation is taking place in _____ gassy regions scattered around the arms. But astronomers simply __ not know what i ...
... group ___ has no near neighbors. It is not clear whether __ may have swallowed a small companion in its past. __ what caused the asymmetry and the stellar baby boom? Most of the star formation is taking place in _____ gassy regions scattered around the arms. But astronomers simply __ not know what i ...
POISE AND EVOLUTION OF THE GALAXY : STRUCTURE ,
... which might be at the origin of phenomena in astronomy as quizzical as the mysteriously intensely radiating “QUASARS”, that basic astrophysics cannot easily interpret through usual frames. That might be, as well, some origin of the elusive “dark energy”, if not of the unaccountable “dark mass”, acco ...
... which might be at the origin of phenomena in astronomy as quizzical as the mysteriously intensely radiating “QUASARS”, that basic astrophysics cannot easily interpret through usual frames. That might be, as well, some origin of the elusive “dark energy”, if not of the unaccountable “dark mass”, acco ...
PDF
... morphology by exploiting deep HST images spanning a substantial range in look-back time. Prior to HST, attempts had been made from the best ground-based observatories to resolve and classify distant galaxies but, even in the best conditions, galaxies as close as redshifts of 0.3–0.5 (corresponding t ...
... morphology by exploiting deep HST images spanning a substantial range in look-back time. Prior to HST, attempts had been made from the best ground-based observatories to resolve and classify distant galaxies but, even in the best conditions, galaxies as close as redshifts of 0.3–0.5 (corresponding t ...
FREE Sample Here
... Astronomical unit: The average distance between Earth and Sun, which is about 1.496 108 km. Ecliptic plane: The two-dimensional plane in which Earth orbits around the Sun. Most of the other planets orbit nearly in this same plane. Axis tilt: The amount that a planet’s rotation axis is tipped relat ...
... Astronomical unit: The average distance between Earth and Sun, which is about 1.496 108 km. Ecliptic plane: The two-dimensional plane in which Earth orbits around the Sun. Most of the other planets orbit nearly in this same plane. Axis tilt: The amount that a planet’s rotation axis is tipped relat ...
instructor notes: weeks 9/10
... tied to overall dimensions: cD galaxies. Huge elliptical galaxies dominating some clusters of galaxies. “cD” stands for “cluster dominating” galaxy. Some are incredibly large, massive, and luminous. Normal ellipticals. Standard E galaxies comparable in luminosity to supergiant spiral galaxies. Dwarf ...
... tied to overall dimensions: cD galaxies. Huge elliptical galaxies dominating some clusters of galaxies. “cD” stands for “cluster dominating” galaxy. Some are incredibly large, massive, and luminous. Normal ellipticals. Standard E galaxies comparable in luminosity to supergiant spiral galaxies. Dwarf ...
PDF format
... a) rotation of Earth; motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way; motion of Earth around the Sun b) motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way; motion of Earth around the Sun; rotation of Earth c) motion of Earth around the Sun; rotation of Earth; motion of the Sun around the ...
... a) rotation of Earth; motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way; motion of Earth around the Sun b) motion of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way; motion of Earth around the Sun; rotation of Earth c) motion of Earth around the Sun; rotation of Earth; motion of the Sun around the ...
... Limitations of Hubble’s Law • Galaxies and other objects may have motions that have nothing to do with the expansion of space • When galaxies orbit each other, sometimes their orbital speed is much larger than the redshift caused by expansion. • We cannot use Hubble’s law for nearby galaxies, and c ...
D ASTROPHYSICS
... isolation but the majority of them occur in groups known as clusters that have anything from a few dozen to a few thousand members. The Milky Way is part of a cluster of about 30 galaxies called the “Local Group” which includes Andromeda (figure 7) and Triangulum. Regular clusters consist of a conce ...
... isolation but the majority of them occur in groups known as clusters that have anything from a few dozen to a few thousand members. The Milky Way is part of a cluster of about 30 galaxies called the “Local Group” which includes Andromeda (figure 7) and Triangulum. Regular clusters consist of a conce ...
Spiral galaxies: Spiral galaxies: Inclination Spiral galaxies: Internal
... • HI gas mass is directly proportional to 21 cm line intensity • HI disk is much more extended than optical light, typically out to 2R25 sometimes farther • The radial motion of the 21 cm line can be used to measure rotation in spiral galaxies ...
... • HI gas mass is directly proportional to 21 cm line intensity • HI disk is much more extended than optical light, typically out to 2R25 sometimes farther • The radial motion of the 21 cm line can be used to measure rotation in spiral galaxies ...
SXDS Highlights : Subaru / FOCAS Spectroscopy
... Natural guide star AO system on Subaru telescope with IRCS. 154 hours of observation in total. 13 FoVs with 36 LBGs , 1 RadioG., and 7 DRGs are observed. Typical on-source effective integration is 5 hours. Typical PSF size at the target position is FWHM=0.2” (~1.5kpc@z=3) ...
... Natural guide star AO system on Subaru telescope with IRCS. 154 hours of observation in total. 13 FoVs with 36 LBGs , 1 RadioG., and 7 DRGs are observed. Typical on-source effective integration is 5 hours. Typical PSF size at the target position is FWHM=0.2” (~1.5kpc@z=3) ...
Chapter-by-Chapter Guide
... Astronomical unit: The average distance between Earth and Sun, which is about 1.496 108 km. Ecliptic plane: The two-dimensional plane in which Earth orbits around the Sun. Most of the other planets orbit nearly in this same plane. Axis tilt: The amount that a planet’s rotation axis is tipped relat ...
... Astronomical unit: The average distance between Earth and Sun, which is about 1.496 108 km. Ecliptic plane: The two-dimensional plane in which Earth orbits around the Sun. Most of the other planets orbit nearly in this same plane. Axis tilt: The amount that a planet’s rotation axis is tipped relat ...
Chapter 15 Stars, Galaxies, and Universe
... •Irregular – smaller than other galaxies •Young stars, lots of gas and dust •Located close to larger galaxies. ...
... •Irregular – smaller than other galaxies •Young stars, lots of gas and dust •Located close to larger galaxies. ...
The cosmic distance scale
... There are no PN brighter than mPNcut , a cut-off apparent magnitude. The fact that there is such an abrupt cut-off at bright end implies that this method can be applied even when a limited number of PN (only the brightest) have been observed around a given system. The maximum luminosity in the PNLF ...
... There are no PN brighter than mPNcut , a cut-off apparent magnitude. The fact that there is such an abrupt cut-off at bright end implies that this method can be applied even when a limited number of PN (only the brightest) have been observed around a given system. The maximum luminosity in the PNLF ...
Hubble Diagram Instruction Sheet
... space. One parsec is equal to 3.08567758 × 1016 metres. Type Ia supernova are thought to form when a white dwarf star accretes enough mass from a companion star to exceed the upper limit of 1.44 solar masses, this causes the star to explode as a supernova. This model implies that all Type Ia superno ...
... space. One parsec is equal to 3.08567758 × 1016 metres. Type Ia supernova are thought to form when a white dwarf star accretes enough mass from a companion star to exceed the upper limit of 1.44 solar masses, this causes the star to explode as a supernova. This model implies that all Type Ia superno ...
PH607 – Galaxies
... The aim of this course is to explore the continuing evolution of the universe. The scales examined will range from the structure of individual galaxies up to the geometry of the universe as a whole. ...
... The aim of this course is to explore the continuing evolution of the universe. The scales examined will range from the structure of individual galaxies up to the geometry of the universe as a whole. ...
21. Galaxy Evolution Agenda The Monty Hall Problem/Paradox 21.1
... • There are two basic ways in which birth conditions could have determined whether a galaxy ended up as a spiral galaxy with a gaseous disk or as an elliptical galaxy without a disk. (1) Angular momentum tends to shape a collapsing gas cloud into a spinning disk. Thus, ellipticals may have formed fr ...
... • There are two basic ways in which birth conditions could have determined whether a galaxy ended up as a spiral galaxy with a gaseous disk or as an elliptical galaxy without a disk. (1) Angular momentum tends to shape a collapsing gas cloud into a spinning disk. Thus, ellipticals may have formed fr ...
Ch17_Galaxies
... Measuring the Mass of Galaxies • The mass of a galaxy is determined from the modified form of Kepler’s third law • To use this method, one concentrates on some stars or gas on the outer fringes of the galaxy • The semimajor axis distance used in Kepler’s third law is simply half the galaxy’s pre-de ...
... Measuring the Mass of Galaxies • The mass of a galaxy is determined from the modified form of Kepler’s third law • To use this method, one concentrates on some stars or gas on the outer fringes of the galaxy • The semimajor axis distance used in Kepler’s third law is simply half the galaxy’s pre-de ...
Cosmic distance scales - Inside Mines
... The Universe is a really big place • Planets – from the greek word meaning “wanderers” • Stars – our sun is a very typical star • Classified as a function of luminosity / surface temperature • At various stages of life: giant, supergiant... • Dying or dead: white / brown dwarves, neutron stars, pul ...
... The Universe is a really big place • Planets – from the greek word meaning “wanderers” • Stars – our sun is a very typical star • Classified as a function of luminosity / surface temperature • At various stages of life: giant, supergiant... • Dying or dead: white / brown dwarves, neutron stars, pul ...
KEY Distance, Areas, Volumes-A sense of size and scale from the E
... The stars we see in the night sky are all from our galaxy-the Milky Way. The farthest object in the night sky is a smudge of light from our neighboring galaxy—the Andromeda Galaxy. Is our neighboring galaxy 2.5 light years away or 2.5 million light years away? Is a light year a distance or a time? ...
... The stars we see in the night sky are all from our galaxy-the Milky Way. The farthest object in the night sky is a smudge of light from our neighboring galaxy—the Andromeda Galaxy. Is our neighboring galaxy 2.5 light years away or 2.5 million light years away? Is a light year a distance or a time? ...
Astro Physics Notes and Study Guide 2015-17
... differently than cold hydrogen because hot hydrogen is too hot to hold onto is electrons, therefore it can’t absorb the energy required to bump its electrons into higher orbitals because it has none. Cold hydrogen can absorb energy. Therefore, even if the emission spectrum has a dark line at hydroge ...
... differently than cold hydrogen because hot hydrogen is too hot to hold onto is electrons, therefore it can’t absorb the energy required to bump its electrons into higher orbitals because it has none. Cold hydrogen can absorb energy. Therefore, even if the emission spectrum has a dark line at hydroge ...
Standing in Awe - Auckland Astronomical Society
... Libra lies prominently in the June sky, preceding the Scorpion across the sky. At 538° square in size, Libra is one of the larger constellations, though its stars are poorly shown, the brightest attaining magnitude 2.6. In fact, Libra is one of the poorer adorned constellations, there being only 2.4 ...
... Libra lies prominently in the June sky, preceding the Scorpion across the sky. At 538° square in size, Libra is one of the larger constellations, though its stars are poorly shown, the brightest attaining magnitude 2.6. In fact, Libra is one of the poorer adorned constellations, there being only 2.4 ...
Lecture 21: The Doppler effect - Harvard University Department of
... observer thus appear redshifted, while sources moving towards the observer appear blueshifted. This is an incredibly useful fact in astrophysics, as it allows us to measure the velocity with which distant sources of light are receding from or approaching us. So what do we find? Everywhere we look, t ...
... observer thus appear redshifted, while sources moving towards the observer appear blueshifted. This is an incredibly useful fact in astrophysics, as it allows us to measure the velocity with which distant sources of light are receding from or approaching us. So what do we find? Everywhere we look, t ...
Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Section 1
... cake rising in the oven. If you were able to sit on one raisin, you would see all the other raisins moving away from you. • Similarly, galaxies in the universe are moving farther away from each other due to the expansion of the universe. ...
... cake rising in the oven. If you were able to sit on one raisin, you would see all the other raisins moving away from you. • Similarly, galaxies in the universe are moving farther away from each other due to the expansion of the universe. ...
Observable universe
The observable universe consists of the galaxies and other matter that can, in principle, be observed from Earth at the present time because light and other signals from these objects has had time to reach the Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion. Assuming the universe is isotropic, the distance to the edge of the observable universe is roughly the same in every direction. That is, the observable universe is a spherical volume (a ball) centered on the observer. Every location in the Universe has its own observable universe, which may or may not overlap with the one centered on Earth.The word observable used in this sense does not depend on whether modern technology actually permits detection of radiation from an object in this region (or indeed on whether there is any radiation to detect). It simply indicates that it is possible in principle for light or other signals from the object to reach an observer on Earth. In practice, we can see light only from as far back as the time of photon decoupling in the recombination epoch. That is when particles were first able to emit photons that were not quickly re-absorbed by other particles. Before then, the Universe was filled with a plasma that was opaque to photons.The surface of last scattering is the collection of points in space at the exact distance that photons from the time of photon decoupling just reach us today. These are the photons we detect today as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). However, with future technology, it may be possible to observe the still older relic neutrino background, or even more distant events via gravitational waves (which also should move at the speed of light). Sometimes astrophysicists distinguish between the visible universe, which includes only signals emitted since recombination—and the observable universe, which includes signals since the beginning of the cosmological expansion (the Big Bang in traditional cosmology, the end of the inflationary epoch in modern cosmology). According to calculations, the comoving distance (current proper distance) to particles from the CMBR, which represent the radius of the visible universe, is about 14.0 billion parsecs (about 45.7 billion light years), while the comoving distance to the edge of the observable universe is about 14.3 billion parsecs (about 46.6 billion light years), about 2% larger.The best estimate of the age of the universe as of 2015 is 7010137990000000000♠13.799±0.021 billion years but due to the expansion of space humans are observing objects that were originally much closer but are now considerably farther away (as defined in terms of cosmological proper distance, which is equal to the comoving distance at the present time) than a static 13.8 billion light-years distance. It is estimated that the diameter of the observable universe is about 28 gigaparsecs (91 billion light-years, 8.8×1026 metres or 5.5×1023 miles), putting the edge of the observable universe at about 46–47 billion light-years away.