Gravity - Indiana University Astronomy
... a) The temperature of the gas when atoms formed from free electrons and nuclei was about 3000K. What would be the wavelength at which a gas of that temperature would emit the most energy? (Hint: Remember Wien’s Law, λmax = 2.9 x 106 / T(K), with in nanometers.) ...
... a) The temperature of the gas when atoms formed from free electrons and nuclei was about 3000K. What would be the wavelength at which a gas of that temperature would emit the most energy? (Hint: Remember Wien’s Law, λmax = 2.9 x 106 / T(K), with in nanometers.) ...
Formation of the Solar System
... the collapsing cloud, the outer, cooler regions of the cloud swirl around the central protostar in a disk-like structure called the solar nebula. An advanced theory, called the condensation theory, includes the nebular theory but also incorporates interstellar dust as an essential ingredient in the ...
... the collapsing cloud, the outer, cooler regions of the cloud swirl around the central protostar in a disk-like structure called the solar nebula. An advanced theory, called the condensation theory, includes the nebular theory but also incorporates interstellar dust as an essential ingredient in the ...
UNIT VIII/B: THE EARTH IN SPACE – STARS AND GALAXIES
... energy from the stellar core. Thus, there is nothing left to combat the everpresent force of gravity from these outer layers. The result: collapse! f. The lack of outward pressure generated by the iron-fusing core causes the outer layers to fall towards the center of the star. This implosion happens ...
... energy from the stellar core. Thus, there is nothing left to combat the everpresent force of gravity from these outer layers. The result: collapse! f. The lack of outward pressure generated by the iron-fusing core causes the outer layers to fall towards the center of the star. This implosion happens ...
Stars and Galaxies
... of billions of stars — seen as it looked more than two million years ago. Andromeda is like a larger version of our own Milky Way galaxy. It’s a flat disk that spans more than a quarter-million light-years. Its brightest stars form spiral arms that make the galaxy look like a pinwheel. Yet the galax ...
... of billions of stars — seen as it looked more than two million years ago. Andromeda is like a larger version of our own Milky Way galaxy. It’s a flat disk that spans more than a quarter-million light-years. Its brightest stars form spiral arms that make the galaxy look like a pinwheel. Yet the galax ...
universe - Global Change
... home to a variety of exotic objects. For example, quasars, which were first discovered in 1960, are still baffling objects. Incredibly energetic, they are found at great distances near what is thought to be the edge of the known universe (the most distant one has been estimated to be 10 billion ligh ...
... home to a variety of exotic objects. For example, quasars, which were first discovered in 1960, are still baffling objects. Incredibly energetic, they are found at great distances near what is thought to be the edge of the known universe (the most distant one has been estimated to be 10 billion ligh ...
Astronomy Review revised Key
... 23. If the star is located 4.3 light years away, how long will it be before we see the light of the star? 4.4 years. 18. What is the Big Bang Theory? The theory that all matter was once condensed into a single point called the singularity, and that singularity exploded sending matter out in all dir ...
... 23. If the star is located 4.3 light years away, how long will it be before we see the light of the star? 4.4 years. 18. What is the Big Bang Theory? The theory that all matter was once condensed into a single point called the singularity, and that singularity exploded sending matter out in all dir ...
Astronomy Basics
... Slide 6: Gallery picture from Keck Observatory Slide 2: Educational graphic from Imagine the Universe! Slide 3: Harvard's Field Guide to X-ray Astronomy. Slide 7: Educational graphic from Imagine the Universe! ...
... Slide 6: Gallery picture from Keck Observatory Slide 2: Educational graphic from Imagine the Universe! Slide 3: Harvard's Field Guide to X-ray Astronomy. Slide 7: Educational graphic from Imagine the Universe! ...
Lecture 1
... What does the solar system look like? How far away are the stars? How big is our Milky Way? How does it compare to other galaxies? How far away are galaxies? Time scale: How much time do we live? how much time do stars live? how old is the universe? ...
... What does the solar system look like? How far away are the stars? How big is our Milky Way? How does it compare to other galaxies? How far away are galaxies? Time scale: How much time do we live? how much time do stars live? how old is the universe? ...
Summation Packet KEY
... 20. The star Gamma Per is about 225 light years (LY = distance light travels in one year) from earth. Imagine there is intelligent alien life living on a planet that circles this star. Using what you know about the speed of light and American history, describe what the aliens would be seeing right ...
... 20. The star Gamma Per is about 225 light years (LY = distance light travels in one year) from earth. Imagine there is intelligent alien life living on a planet that circles this star. Using what you know about the speed of light and American history, describe what the aliens would be seeing right ...
Space Study Guide
... As technology increased, scientists made more and more observations that supported the Big Bang Model. 1. In 1929, Edwin Hubble observed that the spectral lines from other galaxies tended to always shift toward the red end of the spectrum. According to the Doppler Effect, causes this change of obser ...
... As technology increased, scientists made more and more observations that supported the Big Bang Model. 1. In 1929, Edwin Hubble observed that the spectral lines from other galaxies tended to always shift toward the red end of the spectrum. According to the Doppler Effect, causes this change of obser ...
IS AN ALTERNATE COSMOLOGY BECOMING NECESSARY?
... As figure 1 indicates, there is little energy from cool stars, therefore a few tens or perhaps at best hundreds of light years from them they are virtually undetectable with current telescopes. The James Webb Space Telescope JWST might change that scenario some, and if they can be found nearby in s ...
... As figure 1 indicates, there is little energy from cool stars, therefore a few tens or perhaps at best hundreds of light years from them they are virtually undetectable with current telescopes. The James Webb Space Telescope JWST might change that scenario some, and if they can be found nearby in s ...
Ch. 5 The Universe and Solar System
... universe is expanding. • Red shift—means movement is away. • Proof 2: 1965 Arno Penzlas and Robert Wilson discovered background radiation—a remnant of the Big Bang. It is evenly distributed. • Proof 3: 1995 NASA discovered deuterium (heavy isotope of H) scattered throughout the universe. ...
... universe is expanding. • Red shift—means movement is away. • Proof 2: 1965 Arno Penzlas and Robert Wilson discovered background radiation—a remnant of the Big Bang. It is evenly distributed. • Proof 3: 1995 NASA discovered deuterium (heavy isotope of H) scattered throughout the universe. ...
Tour of the Universe
... H o = the constant of proportionality between the recessional velocity of galaxies and their distance from Earth (about 70 km s−1 M pc−1 ) Reminder: pc is parsec, the most commonly used unit of distance in astrophysics Assuming that Hubble’s law has held true for all galaxies at all times, the ...
... H o = the constant of proportionality between the recessional velocity of galaxies and their distance from Earth (about 70 km s−1 M pc−1 ) Reminder: pc is parsec, the most commonly used unit of distance in astrophysics Assuming that Hubble’s law has held true for all galaxies at all times, the ...
How Telescopes Changed our Universe
... In our own solar system, telescopes found planets our eyes could not see. Are there other planets outside of our solar system? ...
... In our own solar system, telescopes found planets our eyes could not see. Are there other planets outside of our solar system? ...
Standard Set 2 - Atascadero High School
... Students should know that scientists catalog galaxies and stars according to the coordinates of their positions in the sky, their brightness, and their other physical characteristics. Spectroscopic analysis of the light from distant stars indicates that the same elements that make up nearby stars a ...
... Students should know that scientists catalog galaxies and stars according to the coordinates of their positions in the sky, their brightness, and their other physical characteristics. Spectroscopic analysis of the light from distant stars indicates that the same elements that make up nearby stars a ...
Stefan-Boltzmann`s law Wien`s law
... ► light from distant galaxies/stars is red-shifted (which means they move away from us – as the red-shifting occurs in all direction, the universe must be expanding) ► existence of CMB ► the helium abundance in the universe which is about 25 % and is consistent with a hot beginning of the universe; ...
... ► light from distant galaxies/stars is red-shifted (which means they move away from us – as the red-shifting occurs in all direction, the universe must be expanding) ► existence of CMB ► the helium abundance in the universe which is about 25 % and is consistent with a hot beginning of the universe; ...
5X_Measuring_galaxy_redshifts
... The peaks in the function show where the spectrum best fits the template. The highest peak is almost certainly the correct redshift. ...
... The peaks in the function show where the spectrum best fits the template. The highest peak is almost certainly the correct redshift. ...
WFPC2
... The left-most galaxy, or the "one" in this image, is relatively undisturbed apart from a smooth ring of starlight. It appears nearly on edge to our line of sight. The right-most galaxy, resembling a zero, exhibits a clumpy, blue ring of intense star formation. ...
... The left-most galaxy, or the "one" in this image, is relatively undisturbed apart from a smooth ring of starlight. It appears nearly on edge to our line of sight. The right-most galaxy, resembling a zero, exhibits a clumpy, blue ring of intense star formation. ...
Linking Asteroids and Meteorites through Reflectance Spectroscopy
... • Milky Way contains 90 billion solar masses of material within the Sun’s orbit • Luminosity of Milky Way at this orbit is 15 billion solar luminosities • Mass-to-Light ratio of our Galaxy at this orbit is 6 solar masses per solar luminosities ...
... • Milky Way contains 90 billion solar masses of material within the Sun’s orbit • Luminosity of Milky Way at this orbit is 15 billion solar luminosities • Mass-to-Light ratio of our Galaxy at this orbit is 6 solar masses per solar luminosities ...
6th Grade Science Chapter 19 Jeopardy Game
... How are objects organized in the universe? a. Objects are scattered through space according to a random pattern. b. Objects are organized according to a loosely repeated pattern and are part of a larger system. ...
... How are objects organized in the universe? a. Objects are scattered through space according to a random pattern. b. Objects are organized according to a loosely repeated pattern and are part of a larger system. ...
Wavelength
... • 2. force of gravity will pull the galaxies back together (“Big Crunch”), all matter would be crushed into a black hole • 3. universe will keep on EXPANDING ...
... • 2. force of gravity will pull the galaxies back together (“Big Crunch”), all matter would be crushed into a black hole • 3. universe will keep on EXPANDING ...
P1 - Foundation
... explosion, and it is still expanding today. Evidence for the Big Bang includes: • all the galaxies are moving away from us (red shift) • the further away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away. (red shift) • Scientists have also detected a cosmic microwave background radiation or CMBR. This is re ...
... explosion, and it is still expanding today. Evidence for the Big Bang includes: • all the galaxies are moving away from us (red shift) • the further away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away. (red shift) • Scientists have also detected a cosmic microwave background radiation or CMBR. This is re ...
Physics 127 Descriptive Astronomy Homework #20 Key
... 14-3. How did Edwin Hubble prove that the Andromeda “Nebula” is not a nebula within our Milky Way Galaxy? Hubble was able to detect Cepheid variable stars within that “Nebula.” Then by observing their light curves and using the known period- luminosity relation for Cepheids, he obtained and compared ...
... 14-3. How did Edwin Hubble prove that the Andromeda “Nebula” is not a nebula within our Milky Way Galaxy? Hubble was able to detect Cepheid variable stars within that “Nebula.” Then by observing their light curves and using the known period- luminosity relation for Cepheids, he obtained and compared ...
Great Astronomers of the 20th Century
... runs out of steam – Luminosity of galaxy is correlated to the width of its spectral absorption lines – Velocity dispersion of the inner few kiloparsecs of a galaxy ...
... runs out of steam – Luminosity of galaxy is correlated to the width of its spectral absorption lines – Velocity dispersion of the inner few kiloparsecs of a galaxy ...
Observable universe
The observable universe consists of the galaxies and other matter that can, in principle, be observed from Earth at the present time because light and other signals from these objects has had time to reach the Earth since the beginning of the cosmological expansion. Assuming the universe is isotropic, the distance to the edge of the observable universe is roughly the same in every direction. That is, the observable universe is a spherical volume (a ball) centered on the observer. Every location in the Universe has its own observable universe, which may or may not overlap with the one centered on Earth.The word observable used in this sense does not depend on whether modern technology actually permits detection of radiation from an object in this region (or indeed on whether there is any radiation to detect). It simply indicates that it is possible in principle for light or other signals from the object to reach an observer on Earth. In practice, we can see light only from as far back as the time of photon decoupling in the recombination epoch. That is when particles were first able to emit photons that were not quickly re-absorbed by other particles. Before then, the Universe was filled with a plasma that was opaque to photons.The surface of last scattering is the collection of points in space at the exact distance that photons from the time of photon decoupling just reach us today. These are the photons we detect today as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). However, with future technology, it may be possible to observe the still older relic neutrino background, or even more distant events via gravitational waves (which also should move at the speed of light). Sometimes astrophysicists distinguish between the visible universe, which includes only signals emitted since recombination—and the observable universe, which includes signals since the beginning of the cosmological expansion (the Big Bang in traditional cosmology, the end of the inflationary epoch in modern cosmology). According to calculations, the comoving distance (current proper distance) to particles from the CMBR, which represent the radius of the visible universe, is about 14.0 billion parsecs (about 45.7 billion light years), while the comoving distance to the edge of the observable universe is about 14.3 billion parsecs (about 46.6 billion light years), about 2% larger.The best estimate of the age of the universe as of 2015 is 7010137990000000000♠13.799±0.021 billion years but due to the expansion of space humans are observing objects that were originally much closer but are now considerably farther away (as defined in terms of cosmological proper distance, which is equal to the comoving distance at the present time) than a static 13.8 billion light-years distance. It is estimated that the diameter of the observable universe is about 28 gigaparsecs (91 billion light-years, 8.8×1026 metres or 5.5×1023 miles), putting the edge of the observable universe at about 46–47 billion light-years away.