referential argument
... Frank is eating spaghetti. Frank is eating spaghetti with a plastic fork. Frank is eating with a plastic fork. Frank is eating. Eat predicates the same of its subject argument in all examples. But only the subject and the direct object argument are necessary to describe the eating event. Therefore, ...
... Frank is eating spaghetti. Frank is eating spaghetti with a plastic fork. Frank is eating with a plastic fork. Frank is eating. Eat predicates the same of its subject argument in all examples. But only the subject and the direct object argument are necessary to describe the eating event. Therefore, ...
Cross-linguistic patterns in the structure, function and position of
... () and (), by contrast, are complementation strategies. The nominalisation in () has all the vestiges of an NP rather than of a clause (determiner, genitive subjects and objects, internal modification by an adjective), and the adjoined clause in () is not embedded as an argument in the main clau ...
... () and (), by contrast, are complementation strategies. The nominalisation in () has all the vestiges of an NP rather than of a clause (determiner, genitive subjects and objects, internal modification by an adjective), and the adjoined clause in () is not embedded as an argument in the main clau ...
From Discourse to “Odd Coordinations” –
... SLFC; see, however, Reich (2007a) for critical discussion and a rejection of this position. ...
... SLFC; see, however, Reich (2007a) for critical discussion and a rejection of this position. ...
The finite independency A study of the relevance of the notion of
... predicate of an independent clause. Finite verbs are considered to take person, number, tense, mood etc. while non-finite verbs e.g. infinitives, participles and gerunds, do not. Furthermore, it has been suggested that non-finite verbs typically do not combine with overt subjects, or if they do, tha ...
... predicate of an independent clause. Finite verbs are considered to take person, number, tense, mood etc. while non-finite verbs e.g. infinitives, participles and gerunds, do not. Furthermore, it has been suggested that non-finite verbs typically do not combine with overt subjects, or if they do, tha ...
The interpretation of copular constructions in Chinese: Semantic
... achieving the effect of emphasis/focus (note that the verb phrase can be simply stressed to achieve the pragmatic effect of focus). As far as shi concerned, it is true that this morpheme is not always necessarily used in a sentence with an adjectival predicate, and if used, it usually gives rise to ...
... achieving the effect of emphasis/focus (note that the verb phrase can be simply stressed to achieve the pragmatic effect of focus). As far as shi concerned, it is true that this morpheme is not always necessarily used in a sentence with an adjectival predicate, and if used, it usually gives rise to ...
THE LUNYALA `K` SIMPLE SENTENCE
... This study was aimed at analyzing the Lunyala 'K' simple sentence using a Role and Reference Grammar theoretical framework, purposely to ascertain how the RRG’s layered structure of the clause can account for the simple sentences in this Language. The syntactic, semantic and focus structures of the ...
... This study was aimed at analyzing the Lunyala 'K' simple sentence using a Role and Reference Grammar theoretical framework, purposely to ascertain how the RRG’s layered structure of the clause can account for the simple sentences in this Language. The syntactic, semantic and focus structures of the ...
A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NONCANONICAL WORD ORDER
... following elements: volition, effectuation, initiation and force. One or more of these components may be not present, which is frequently the case with non-human Agents. Some linguists distinguish between animate and inanimate Agents. Quirk (Quirk, Greenbaum et.al. 1995, 745) distinguishes the agent ...
... following elements: volition, effectuation, initiation and force. One or more of these components may be not present, which is frequently the case with non-human Agents. Some linguists distinguish between animate and inanimate Agents. Quirk (Quirk, Greenbaum et.al. 1995, 745) distinguishes the agent ...
Photos The typology of clause linkage: status quo, challenges
... the ideas developed there can also be found in international publications like Bickel 1993 and, more recently, Bickel 2010; see also Schackow et al. this volume). The atomic units of analysis used in a parametric approach cover the “traditional” parameters of clause combining (e.g. the attachment si ...
... the ideas developed there can also be found in international publications like Bickel 1993 and, more recently, Bickel 2010; see also Schackow et al. this volume). The atomic units of analysis used in a parametric approach cover the “traditional” parameters of clause combining (e.g. the attachment si ...
Subordination Index - Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts
... speakers). A clause, whether it is main or subordinate, is a statement containing both a subject and a predicate. Grammatically, a subject is a noun phrase and a predicate is a verb phrase. Main clauses can stand by themselves. Subordinate clauses depend on the main clause to make sense; they are em ...
... speakers). A clause, whether it is main or subordinate, is a statement containing both a subject and a predicate. Grammatically, a subject is a noun phrase and a predicate is a verb phrase. Main clauses can stand by themselves. Subordinate clauses depend on the main clause to make sense; they are em ...
Nouns and Pronouns
... 9. ________ ________ Did she enjoy herself at the football game? 10. ________ ________ I can’t believe that Mr. Jenkins approved this. 11. ________ ________ She is a strong believer in the Lord Jesus Christ. ...
... 9. ________ ________ Did she enjoy herself at the football game? 10. ________ ________ I can’t believe that Mr. Jenkins approved this. 11. ________ ________ She is a strong believer in the Lord Jesus Christ. ...
the distribution and role of relative clauses in different text types
... texts (25% of all relativizers in the subcorpus) than in interviews (13,5%). On the contrary, there is a preference of who in the spoken texts (25,6%) compared with its use in academic prose (16,5%). The relativizer who can be found in both functional types of relative clauses, but only with subject ...
... texts (25% of all relativizers in the subcorpus) than in interviews (13,5%). On the contrary, there is a preference of who in the spoken texts (25,6%) compared with its use in academic prose (16,5%). The relativizer who can be found in both functional types of relative clauses, but only with subject ...
studies in basque syntax: relative clauses
... be it the prejudice that all languages are basically like English, or the prejudice that languages differ in generally unpredictable ways. Moreover, since J. H. Greenberg's well-known typological study, we know that sometimes unexpected correlations can be found between seemingly unrelated grammatic ...
... be it the prejudice that all languages are basically like English, or the prejudice that languages differ in generally unpredictable ways. Moreover, since J. H. Greenberg's well-known typological study, we know that sometimes unexpected correlations can be found between seemingly unrelated grammatic ...
General Semantics and Non-Declarative Sentences
... semantics for natural languages. Binders, for example, do not occur at the surface level of any natural language. Moreover, word orderings will be odd at the base level. A transformational grammar specifies a representation relation between meanings at the “lowest” level and expressions the “top” le ...
... semantics for natural languages. Binders, for example, do not occur at the surface level of any natural language. Moreover, word orderings will be odd at the base level. A transformational grammar specifies a representation relation between meanings at the “lowest” level and expressions the “top” le ...
Speculations on the syntax of subordinate clauses in Old English
... (to appear b) that the contrast is due to the presence or absence of an empty expletive (expletive pro) in a derivation. If a derivation is based on a numeration containing an empty expletive, the expletive is inserted in SU1 and checks the relevant features in AgrP. The full DP subject thus can sta ...
... (to appear b) that the contrast is due to the presence or absence of an empty expletive (expletive pro) in a derivation. If a derivation is based on a numeration containing an empty expletive, the expletive is inserted in SU1 and checks the relevant features in AgrP. The full DP subject thus can sta ...
Sense and Reference
... sentences which contain proper names without referents will be of this kind. The sentence "Odysseus was set ashore at Ithaca while sound asleep" obviously has a sense. But since it is doubtful whether the name "Odysseus," occurring therein, has a referent, it is also doubtful whether the whole sente ...
... sentences which contain proper names without referents will be of this kind. The sentence "Odysseus was set ashore at Ithaca while sound asleep" obviously has a sense. But since it is doubtful whether the name "Odysseus," occurring therein, has a referent, it is also doubtful whether the whole sente ...
“Inversion” and focalization
... Focus under this view? To make the proposal technically more precise I will assume that Focus is a syntactic feature heading a functional projection in the clause structure, thus creating a regular checking configuration . Under this proposal, the syntactic feature in question has licensing abilitie ...
... Focus under this view? To make the proposal technically more precise I will assume that Focus is a syntactic feature heading a functional projection in the clause structure, thus creating a regular checking configuration . Under this proposal, the syntactic feature in question has licensing abilitie ...
Old Nubian Relative Clauses
... between two words that closely cohere.”25 The same juncture, or epenthetic vowel may be observed in adjectival constructions and should not be confused with a case ending such as accusative or genitive, as it is purely a noun phrase-internal phenomenon.26 22 Cf. Satzinger, “Relativsatz und Thematisi ...
... between two words that closely cohere.”25 The same juncture, or epenthetic vowel may be observed in adjectival constructions and should not be confused with a case ending such as accusative or genitive, as it is purely a noun phrase-internal phenomenon.26 22 Cf. Satzinger, “Relativsatz und Thematisi ...
Very Exceptional Case
... under the intended reading is only explained if we know why wonen in this type of construction requires the presence of an empty locative predicate, whereas under normal circumstances, as (23) illustrates, the locative predicate selected by wonen has to be overt. We will return to this problem below ...
... under the intended reading is only explained if we know why wonen in this type of construction requires the presence of an empty locative predicate, whereas under normal circumstances, as (23) illustrates, the locative predicate selected by wonen has to be overt. We will return to this problem below ...
commas - Bucks County Community College
... sentence. Two or more independent clauses form a compound sentence. A coordinating conjunction, preceded by a comma, links independent clauses. The coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. You can remember these words by the acronym FANBOYS. Example: My friend lives in Manhatt ...
... sentence. Two or more independent clauses form a compound sentence. A coordinating conjunction, preceded by a comma, links independent clauses. The coordinating conjunctions are: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. You can remember these words by the acronym FANBOYS. Example: My friend lives in Manhatt ...
User`s Guide for the Accordance Hebrew Syntax Database
... This short manual is intended for Accordance users who have the Hebrew syntax database and desire both to understand more about the construction of the database and to know better how to perform simple and complex syntactic searches. 3 In the following sections, we provide information on the terms a ...
... This short manual is intended for Accordance users who have the Hebrew syntax database and desire both to understand more about the construction of the database and to know better how to perform simple and complex syntactic searches. 3 In the following sections, we provide information on the terms a ...
doc - KISS Grammar
... 2, and 3.1. Thus you are already able to identify many constructions in the sentences that you read and write. In KISS Level 3.1, you learned how to identify the most common clauses—main and subordinate. You also learned how to distinguish the most common subordinate clauses—adverbial, adjectival, a ...
... 2, and 3.1. Thus you are already able to identify many constructions in the sentences that you read and write. In KISS Level 3.1, you learned how to identify the most common clauses—main and subordinate. You also learned how to distinguish the most common subordinate clauses—adverbial, adjectival, a ...
ÚSTAV ANGLICKÉHO JAZYKA A DIDAKTIKY BAKALÁŘSKÁ
... compared with the infinitive: I saw them shoot at him. ~ I saw them shooting at him. (ibid: 238), although this is usually possible only with verbs of perception in the superordinate clause. Quirk et al. use five criteria to distinguish finite from non-finite verb phrases: 1) the finite forms occur ...
... compared with the infinitive: I saw them shoot at him. ~ I saw them shooting at him. (ibid: 238), although this is usually possible only with verbs of perception in the superordinate clause. Quirk et al. use five criteria to distinguish finite from non-finite verb phrases: 1) the finite forms occur ...
Remarks on Complex Condensation Phenomena in Some English
... into a sentence of a nominal element or phrase replacing the finite verb of a subordinate clause and so dispensing with the clausal structure altogether. The means of condensation (for short: condensers) are mainly nominal forms derived from verbs, such as infinitives, participles, gerunds, and verb ...
... into a sentence of a nominal element or phrase replacing the finite verb of a subordinate clause and so dispensing with the clausal structure altogether. The means of condensation (for short: condensers) are mainly nominal forms derived from verbs, such as infinitives, participles, gerunds, and verb ...
Parts of Speech, Run-On Sentences, Comma Splicing
... Sam can teach anyone to play the piano. Treat yourselves to ice cream. Jane did the job herself. Everyone is welcome to come. Several of the boys got into the row boat. ...
... Sam can teach anyone to play the piano. Treat yourselves to ice cream. Jane did the job herself. Everyone is welcome to come. Several of the boys got into the row boat. ...
English Writing Handbook - Christ the Redeemer Catholic Schools
... There are a variety of approaches that you can use for the personal response to texts assignment. Remember that one response that is not appropriate is creating poetry. Other than that, here are a few suggestions: Reflective Essay – of, relating to, produced by, or resulting from reflection, an essa ...
... There are a variety of approaches that you can use for the personal response to texts assignment. Remember that one response that is not appropriate is creating poetry. Other than that, here are a few suggestions: Reflective Essay – of, relating to, produced by, or resulting from reflection, an essa ...