CAML/SCAR – MarBIN Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean
... buccinoidean gastropods and ctenocidarine echinoids (Briggs 2003; Pearse & Lockhart 2004) but the ultimate origins of all these groups is still uncertain (see also, below). The OTT model has served to reinforce the concept of the tropics as a macroevolutionary source and the poles as corresponding ...
... buccinoidean gastropods and ctenocidarine echinoids (Briggs 2003; Pearse & Lockhart 2004) but the ultimate origins of all these groups is still uncertain (see also, below). The OTT model has served to reinforce the concept of the tropics as a macroevolutionary source and the poles as corresponding ...
FREE FULL TEXT PDF - Pakistan Journal of Botany
... urbanization, industrialization and population growth (Qadir et al., 2008). In Pakistan, to our knowledge, no studies have been excited where prevailing distribution of urban vegetation is correlated with land use types. Unfortunately, there is not much awareness about this issue in the general publ ...
... urbanization, industrialization and population growth (Qadir et al., 2008). In Pakistan, to our knowledge, no studies have been excited where prevailing distribution of urban vegetation is correlated with land use types. Unfortunately, there is not much awareness about this issue in the general publ ...
Plant diversity in tropical forests: a review of mechanisms of species
... seed-to-seedling transition for 53 species from BCI. They used 200 census stations to fit recruit (R) and seed (S) density to the following function: R=c×Sb, where c and b are fitted constants. Negative density dependence (b<1) was evident for every species, and the median bvalue was just 0.23. Thes ...
... seed-to-seedling transition for 53 species from BCI. They used 200 census stations to fit recruit (R) and seed (S) density to the following function: R=c×Sb, where c and b are fitted constants. Negative density dependence (b<1) was evident for every species, and the median bvalue was just 0.23. Thes ...
ppt
... “The demonstration of nonrandom spatial association of species with habitats is a necessary but not sufficient criterion in demonstrating that habitat partitioning is important in enabling many species to coexist…” “However, to be able to show that co-occurring species in different habitats are more ...
... “The demonstration of nonrandom spatial association of species with habitats is a necessary but not sufficient criterion in demonstrating that habitat partitioning is important in enabling many species to coexist…” “However, to be able to show that co-occurring species in different habitats are more ...
Classification and Biogeography of New World Grasses
... Poaceae. Anomochlooideae are endemic to the New World and have two tribes and two genera including the widespread Streptochaeteae (3–4 spp.) and the critically endangered Anomochloeae (1 sp.) of coastal Bahia, Brazil. Pharoideae are pantropical with one tribe, three genera, and 14 species; all eight ...
... Poaceae. Anomochlooideae are endemic to the New World and have two tribes and two genera including the widespread Streptochaeteae (3–4 spp.) and the critically endangered Anomochloeae (1 sp.) of coastal Bahia, Brazil. Pharoideae are pantropical with one tribe, three genera, and 14 species; all eight ...
Climate of the Past
... biogeographic anomaly. In the glacial zone, there are few endemics but in the BPZ there are many across multiple taxa. In the glacial zone, there are the expected gradients of genetic diversity with distance from the ice-free zone, but no evidence of this is found in the BPZ. Many races and related ...
... biogeographic anomaly. In the glacial zone, there are few endemics but in the BPZ there are many across multiple taxa. In the glacial zone, there are the expected gradients of genetic diversity with distance from the ice-free zone, but no evidence of this is found in the BPZ. Many races and related ...
Predicting Pleistocene climate from vegetation in North America
... biogeographic anomaly. In the glacial zone, there are few endemics but in the BPZ there are many across multiple taxa. In the glacial zone, there are the expected gradients of genetic diversity with distance from the ice-free zone, but no evidence of this is found in the BPZ. Many races and related ...
... biogeographic anomaly. In the glacial zone, there are few endemics but in the BPZ there are many across multiple taxa. In the glacial zone, there are the expected gradients of genetic diversity with distance from the ice-free zone, but no evidence of this is found in the BPZ. Many races and related ...
Habitat and climate heterogeneity maintain beta
... Analysis of alpha- and beta-diversity For each ecoregion, we used additive diversity partitioning to calculate alpha-diversity at the point level and beta-diversity at the point and landscape levels: αpoint, βpoint and βland. This statistical technique involves the decomposition of total (gamma) div ...
... Analysis of alpha- and beta-diversity For each ecoregion, we used additive diversity partitioning to calculate alpha-diversity at the point level and beta-diversity at the point and landscape levels: αpoint, βpoint and βland. This statistical technique involves the decomposition of total (gamma) div ...
Facilitation among plants as an insurance policy for diversity in
... 1. Positive interactions have started to gain a place as important drivers of community structure and biological diversity. Defined as non-trophic interspecific interactions that increase the average individual fitness of one species, by definition, the presence of one plant species enhances the chances ...
... 1. Positive interactions have started to gain a place as important drivers of community structure and biological diversity. Defined as non-trophic interspecific interactions that increase the average individual fitness of one species, by definition, the presence of one plant species enhances the chances ...
Insights into regional patterns of Amazonian forest structure
... still large voids we have in plant diversity in Amazon forests. ...
... still large voids we have in plant diversity in Amazon forests. ...
Problems with areal definitions of endemism: the effects of spatial
... simply choose a spatial scale yielding workable numbers of species for a region to be evaluated. Although data necessary to compare areal definitions at different spatial scales directly are not currently available (Peterson & Sánchez-Cordero, 1994), experience in biodiversity studies in several re ...
... simply choose a spatial scale yielding workable numbers of species for a region to be evaluated. Although data necessary to compare areal definitions at different spatial scales directly are not currently available (Peterson & Sánchez-Cordero, 1994), experience in biodiversity studies in several re ...
The role of plant species in biomass production and response to
... assemblages is caused more by complementarity than by sampling effects (Loreau & Hector 2001; Tilman et al. 2001), yet how species interactions generate complementarity is poorly understood. The lack of understanding of these interactions is especially acute for aggregate properties of the ecosystem ...
... assemblages is caused more by complementarity than by sampling effects (Loreau & Hector 2001; Tilman et al. 2001), yet how species interactions generate complementarity is poorly understood. The lack of understanding of these interactions is especially acute for aggregate properties of the ecosystem ...
The challenge posed by newly discovered cryptic species
... apparent commonness of previously known species that in fact can be rarer than was realized. Consequently, the distribution and conservation status of all species within the cryptic complex must be re-assessed and niche partitioning must be re-evaluated in order to guide conservation action. Bat spe ...
... apparent commonness of previously known species that in fact can be rarer than was realized. Consequently, the distribution and conservation status of all species within the cryptic complex must be re-assessed and niche partitioning must be re-evaluated in order to guide conservation action. Bat spe ...
The diet and ecological role of giraffe
... With an increase in the popularity of wildlife ranching in southern Africa has come the introduction of non-native (extralimital) mammalian herbivores. Financial gain has arguably been at the forefront of these introductions, with little or no assessment of the ecological consequences. The diet of t ...
... With an increase in the popularity of wildlife ranching in southern Africa has come the introduction of non-native (extralimital) mammalian herbivores. Financial gain has arguably been at the forefront of these introductions, with little or no assessment of the ecological consequences. The diet of t ...
Lunt - ozecopdf
... has been cleared or substantially altered since European colonisation in the early 1840s, and stock grazing is the predominant landuse. The original grassland ecosystems are now extinct (Lunt, 1994a), and all surviving grassy remnants are derived from grassy forests or woodlands. Most grassy forest ...
... has been cleared or substantially altered since European colonisation in the early 1840s, and stock grazing is the predominant landuse. The original grassland ecosystems are now extinct (Lunt, 1994a), and all surviving grassy remnants are derived from grassy forests or woodlands. Most grassy forest ...
How many species of host-specific insects feed on a species of
... (d) ‘incidentals’: insects which did not feed on any species in the trials (only beetle morphospecies were considered in this last assignment, in order to avoid including parasitized or molting caterpillars); and (e) ‘additionals’: species collected dead (e.g. by intercept flight traps and pyrethrum ...
... (d) ‘incidentals’: insects which did not feed on any species in the trials (only beetle morphospecies were considered in this last assignment, in order to avoid including parasitized or molting caterpillars); and (e) ‘additionals’: species collected dead (e.g. by intercept flight traps and pyrethrum ...
Redalyc.Taxonomic, functional, and phenetic components of
... Patterns regarding evenness do not exist as measured from perspectives of the allocation of individuals to species, the allocation of species to functional groups, or the dispersion of species in phenetic space. This is true not only when examining relationships of these three components of biodiver ...
... Patterns regarding evenness do not exist as measured from perspectives of the allocation of individuals to species, the allocation of species to functional groups, or the dispersion of species in phenetic space. This is true not only when examining relationships of these three components of biodiver ...
Existence and construction of large stable food webs
... the existence of feasible steady state densities Qi > 0. To prove that feasibility can be obtained, we consider the steady state of ...
... the existence of feasible steady state densities Qi > 0. To prove that feasibility can be obtained, we consider the steady state of ...
estimating species richness three different ways
... ants. In most terrestrial ecosystems ants are a conspicuous presence, and they are among the most commonly studied terrestrial invertebrates. They are mostly scavengers and predators, and they have large impacts on soil formation, seed predation and dispersal, and invertebrate community structure (F ...
... ants. In most terrestrial ecosystems ants are a conspicuous presence, and they are among the most commonly studied terrestrial invertebrates. They are mostly scavengers and predators, and they have large impacts on soil formation, seed predation and dispersal, and invertebrate community structure (F ...
Entomopathogen biodiversity increases host
... most pairings were less effective than single highly effective species. This antagonism may have resulted from negative interactions between microbes or their toxins prior to or during the infection process. In several other studies, pathogen species pairs produced simple additive effects, such that ...
... most pairings were less effective than single highly effective species. This antagonism may have resulted from negative interactions between microbes or their toxins prior to or during the infection process. In several other studies, pathogen species pairs produced simple additive effects, such that ...
Introduction pathways and establishment rates of invasive aquatic
... and we did not consider the subspecific level. DIAS records “beneficial” and “adverse” ecological effects, but these qualifications would be controversial and we simply regarded both as ecological effects. In the DIAS database, three stages were available: introduction, establishment, and occurrence ...
... and we did not consider the subspecific level. DIAS records “beneficial” and “adverse” ecological effects, but these qualifications would be controversial and we simply regarded both as ecological effects. In the DIAS database, three stages were available: introduction, establishment, and occurrence ...
Elephants in Africa: Big, grey biodiversity thieves?
... The conservation of biological diversity is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity today.1,2 Addressing this challenge must inevitably involve the maintenance of the composition, structure and functioning of multi-species ecosystems.2-4 While preventing the loss of particular species is an o ...
... The conservation of biological diversity is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity today.1,2 Addressing this challenge must inevitably involve the maintenance of the composition, structure and functioning of multi-species ecosystems.2-4 While preventing the loss of particular species is an o ...
Characteristics Specific to the Type of Primates
... Although there have been numerous species extinctions along each line, there is at least one and usually many representative types of each grade still in existence today. The early lemurlike creatures provided the ancestral stock for the next grade of primate evolution, the tarsiers. Some forms of l ...
... Although there have been numerous species extinctions along each line, there is at least one and usually many representative types of each grade still in existence today. The early lemurlike creatures provided the ancestral stock for the next grade of primate evolution, the tarsiers. Some forms of l ...
The diversity and distribution of diatoms: from cosmopolitanism to
... and saline lakes in three regions in continental eastern Antarctica revealed that at least 40% of the species recovered from one of the regions, the Larsemann Hills, were unknown outside Antarctica (Sabbe et al. 2003; Figs. 8–11). In meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, 60% of the diatoms e ...
... and saline lakes in three regions in continental eastern Antarctica revealed that at least 40% of the species recovered from one of the regions, the Larsemann Hills, were unknown outside Antarctica (Sabbe et al. 2003; Figs. 8–11). In meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, 60% of the diatoms e ...
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Declines in both redundant and trace species
... of both species abundance distributions and distributions of species grouped in size-classes, has been characterized for the species-rich assemblages of tropical, sub-tropical and temperate systems (Dolan et al., 2007, 2013). Typically in these systems, dozens of species can be found in material fro ...
... of both species abundance distributions and distributions of species grouped in size-classes, has been characterized for the species-rich assemblages of tropical, sub-tropical and temperate systems (Dolan et al., 2007, 2013). Typically in these systems, dozens of species can be found in material fro ...
Fauna of Africa
Fauna of Africa, in its broader sense, is all the animals living in Africa and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna is found in the Afrotropical ecoregion. Lying almost entirely within the tropics, and equally to north and south of the equator creates favourable conditions for rich wildlife.