arXiv:q-bio/0607016v1 [q
... remarkable; this is referred to as ‘the paradox of the plankton’ (Hutchinson, 1961). To explain this paradox, several attempts have been made. Hutchinson (1961) proposed that because of weather-driven fluctuations, plankton communities are not in equilibrium. Authors such as Richerson et al. (1970) ...
... remarkable; this is referred to as ‘the paradox of the plankton’ (Hutchinson, 1961). To explain this paradox, several attempts have been made. Hutchinson (1961) proposed that because of weather-driven fluctuations, plankton communities are not in equilibrium. Authors such as Richerson et al. (1970) ...
Hat Hill Road Flora and Fauna
... and road materials at some point in time. There is also some use by locals and there are various tracks and a bike track on the sites southern end. The marked up aerial below shows the disturbed, largely cleared and previously cleared areas of the site. ...
... and road materials at some point in time. There is also some use by locals and there are various tracks and a bike track on the sites southern end. The marked up aerial below shows the disturbed, largely cleared and previously cleared areas of the site. ...
Effects of population-level aggregation
... parameter is often notated as r in other fields) for the ith species determined over the minimum time-scale (one year in this study). This parameter was estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (Appendix 1). The Poisson distribution used for random placement of individuals is the limiting case ...
... parameter is often notated as r in other fields) for the ith species determined over the minimum time-scale (one year in this study). This parameter was estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (Appendix 1). The Poisson distribution used for random placement of individuals is the limiting case ...
Measuring the diversity of what? And for what purpose?
... The full information about the diversity of species in an ecological community is only available in the full description of the system in terms of the number of different species, their abundances and features. Such a full description comes in different and complex statistical distributions. For the ...
... The full information about the diversity of species in an ecological community is only available in the full description of the system in terms of the number of different species, their abundances and features. Such a full description comes in different and complex statistical distributions. For the ...
Volume 13 - Utah Lepidopterists` Society!
... natural resources found within them. Monitoring populations is one method that provides useful information to better understand the changes that occur within ecosystems. Because butterflies are highly mobile, conspicuous organisms, they have occasionally been used as bioindicators of change in these ...
... natural resources found within them. Monitoring populations is one method that provides useful information to better understand the changes that occur within ecosystems. Because butterflies are highly mobile, conspicuous organisms, they have occasionally been used as bioindicators of change in these ...
Species interaction mechanisms maintain grassland
... Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse, and 96 equalsized seedlings were transplanted into each of 75 (1 3 1 m) field plots. This allowed us to vary initial species evenness (high or realistically low) and richness (2, 4, and 8 species) in 36 species mixture plots in a factorial design. The experiment ...
... Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse, and 96 equalsized seedlings were transplanted into each of 75 (1 3 1 m) field plots. This allowed us to vary initial species evenness (high or realistically low) and richness (2, 4, and 8 species) in 36 species mixture plots in a factorial design. The experiment ...
Scale dependent relationships between native plant
... 1985; Papes and Peterson 2003). Its high reproductive capacity and windborne seeds are particularly adapted to colonizing bare or intermittently bare areas (Auld and Martin 1975) which make it a troublesome weed of crops, plantations, and pastures in many parts of the world (Wang et al. 1997). The w ...
... 1985; Papes and Peterson 2003). Its high reproductive capacity and windborne seeds are particularly adapted to colonizing bare or intermittently bare areas (Auld and Martin 1975) which make it a troublesome weed of crops, plantations, and pastures in many parts of the world (Wang et al. 1997). The w ...
Tradeoffs in seedling growth and survival within and across tropical
... are typically dispersed across a more continuous range of environmental conditions. Studies of wild seedlings may better represent the natural dynamics of forest regeneration, but results in unbalanced sample sizes and may not present clear contrasts among habitat conditions. We present our approach ...
... are typically dispersed across a more continuous range of environmental conditions. Studies of wild seedlings may better represent the natural dynamics of forest regeneration, but results in unbalanced sample sizes and may not present clear contrasts among habitat conditions. We present our approach ...
Species Invasions and the Relationships between Species Diversity
... other ecosystem functions, such as productivity. This stochastic model of community assembly predicts that, within a given habitat, increasing species richness should reduce resource availability and decrease invasion success. A brief review of evidence from the fossil record of biotic interchanges ...
... other ecosystem functions, such as productivity. This stochastic model of community assembly predicts that, within a given habitat, increasing species richness should reduce resource availability and decrease invasion success. A brief review of evidence from the fossil record of biotic interchanges ...
from iae.ac.cn
... nature conservation (Myers et al. 2000). Given that plant diversity is threatened by rapidly changing landuse patterns in tropical Asia (Sodhi et al. 2010), more effort should be made to document biodiversity in this area (Webb et al. 2010). In South-East Asia, limestone karsts cover an area of abou ...
... nature conservation (Myers et al. 2000). Given that plant diversity is threatened by rapidly changing landuse patterns in tropical Asia (Sodhi et al. 2010), more effort should be made to document biodiversity in this area (Webb et al. 2010). In South-East Asia, limestone karsts cover an area of abou ...
Immigration and the Maintenance of Local Species Diversity
... 1969, 1970), local dynamics are not considered, while in the local-scale models of interspecific competition, regional processes are not taken into account. Here we present a very simple theoretical model to investigate the influence of immigration from a regional pool (regional process) on a plant ...
... 1969, 1970), local dynamics are not considered, while in the local-scale models of interspecific competition, regional processes are not taken into account. Here we present a very simple theoretical model to investigate the influence of immigration from a regional pool (regional process) on a plant ...
Schindel - EPA-RTP - 8 Apr 08
... A DNA barcode is a short gene sequence taken from standardized portions of the genome, used to identify species ...
... A DNA barcode is a short gene sequence taken from standardized portions of the genome, used to identify species ...
The Importance of Ice Ages in Diversification of Arctic Collared
... of collared lemmings Dicrostonyx sampled over the circumpolar distribution range of this genus. The mtDNA phylogeny supports the division of Dicrostonyx into four species suggested on the basis of karyotypes and hybridisation experiments, the Eurasian D. torquatus and the North American D. groenlund ...
... of collared lemmings Dicrostonyx sampled over the circumpolar distribution range of this genus. The mtDNA phylogeny supports the division of Dicrostonyx into four species suggested on the basis of karyotypes and hybridisation experiments, the Eurasian D. torquatus and the North American D. groenlund ...
pdf. - Evolution and Ecology | UC Davis
... in size along different morphological axes. The use of a geometric mean of the linear measures allowed us to capture some of the shape variation associated with size. We measured the morphological characters listed above because each has predictable consequences for performance in ecologically relev ...
... in size along different morphological axes. The use of a geometric mean of the linear measures allowed us to capture some of the shape variation associated with size. We measured the morphological characters listed above because each has predictable consequences for performance in ecologically relev ...
Madagascar: Island Continent of Tortoises Great and Small
... the absence of large predators on the oceanic islands with, or formerly with, large tortoises, and their presence on Madagascar itself, with its spectacular megafauna (before the arrival of humans). In such a case, a thick carapace may indeed have provided some protection, at least in sub-adult and ...
... the absence of large predators on the oceanic islands with, or formerly with, large tortoises, and their presence on Madagascar itself, with its spectacular megafauna (before the arrival of humans). In such a case, a thick carapace may indeed have provided some protection, at least in sub-adult and ...
Effects of Pleistocene environmental changes on the
... families, 29 genera, and 78 species found in Mexico become extinct globally. Most orders experienced extinctions, except for Soricomorpha and Primates (Fig. 2). Extinctions were distributed unevenly at different hierarchical levels, and represented from none to 100% of all taxa within orders, famili ...
... families, 29 genera, and 78 species found in Mexico become extinct globally. Most orders experienced extinctions, except for Soricomorpha and Primates (Fig. 2). Extinctions were distributed unevenly at different hierarchical levels, and represented from none to 100% of all taxa within orders, famili ...
Global Ecology
... Often difficult to study large numbers of species, so community ecologists may work with restricted groups, e.g. plants, insects. Some focus on guilds – group of organisms that all make their living in a similar way (e.g. seed-eating animals in a desert, fruiteating birds in a forest, filter-feedin ...
... Often difficult to study large numbers of species, so community ecologists may work with restricted groups, e.g. plants, insects. Some focus on guilds – group of organisms that all make their living in a similar way (e.g. seed-eating animals in a desert, fruiteating birds in a forest, filter-feedin ...
Effects of Habitat-Forming Species Richness, Evenness, Identity
... habitat quality [5], thereby reducing ecosystem services, such as fisheries and enhanced coastal production and water purification provided by biodiversity [6]. Therefore, understanding the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning has become one of the main areas of focus in ecology [7–9]. Even ...
... habitat quality [5], thereby reducing ecosystem services, such as fisheries and enhanced coastal production and water purification provided by biodiversity [6]. Therefore, understanding the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning has become one of the main areas of focus in ecology [7–9]. Even ...
Collapse of the world`s largest herbivores
... Africa and southern Asia, reversing decades of conservation accomplishments. Poaching and illegal trade in elephant products are currently the top threats to elephants (25). Ivory poaching has surged in recent years, largely due to a rise in demand for and price of ivory in China (26). The number of ...
... Africa and southern Asia, reversing decades of conservation accomplishments. Poaching and illegal trade in elephant products are currently the top threats to elephants (25). Ivory poaching has surged in recent years, largely due to a rise in demand for and price of ivory in China (26). The number of ...
ROCKY MOUNTAIN GAMBEL OAK
... shrublands composed of moderate to tall shrubs. Occurrences may be multi-layered, with some short shrubby species occurring in the understory of the dominant overstory species. In many occurrences of this system, the canopy is dominated by the broad-leaved deciduous shrub Quercus gambelii, which occ ...
... shrublands composed of moderate to tall shrubs. Occurrences may be multi-layered, with some short shrubby species occurring in the understory of the dominant overstory species. In many occurrences of this system, the canopy is dominated by the broad-leaved deciduous shrub Quercus gambelii, which occ ...
Oct 2013 - Las Gralarias Foundation
... described. Often they find that hard to believe considering that RLG is located just two hours from a capital city with more than 2 million people. But in the past decade or so there have been amazing and exciting discoveries in the cloud forests of the Andes and a number of them at RLG, including a ...
... described. Often they find that hard to believe considering that RLG is located just two hours from a capital city with more than 2 million people. But in the past decade or so there have been amazing and exciting discoveries in the cloud forests of the Andes and a number of them at RLG, including a ...
The importance of hunting pressure, habitat preference and life
... contributed to long-term population declines of several species (reviews by Møller et al. 2010; Knudsen et al. 2011). Populations of migrants breeding at northern latitudes have been thought to be under particular threat because individuals that migrate longer distances have to cope with climate cha ...
... contributed to long-term population declines of several species (reviews by Møller et al. 2010; Knudsen et al. 2011). Populations of migrants breeding at northern latitudes have been thought to be under particular threat because individuals that migrate longer distances have to cope with climate cha ...
Foliicolous lichens as model organisms to study tropical rainforest
... surprising, sińce they contradict the distinct-preference gradient hypothesis, according to which species responses should distribute evenly along a single, continuous gradient to avoid competition, and no distinct communities should be formed. However, this is only true if all possible expressions ...
... surprising, sińce they contradict the distinct-preference gradient hypothesis, according to which species responses should distribute evenly along a single, continuous gradient to avoid competition, and no distinct communities should be formed. However, this is only true if all possible expressions ...
The world's richest tadpole communities show functional redundancy and low functional
... other primary consumers [32]. Tadpoles can therefore affect stream ecosystem structure and function [31,32] depending on where they live in the stream and how they forage. This might be especially true if some higher trophic levels are missing in the ecosystem. The remarkable backlog of tadpole comm ...
... other primary consumers [32]. Tadpoles can therefore affect stream ecosystem structure and function [31,32] depending on where they live in the stream and how they forage. This might be especially true if some higher trophic levels are missing in the ecosystem. The remarkable backlog of tadpole comm ...
Latitudinal gradients of species richness
... We determined the degree to which area accounted for latitudinal variation in species richness of bats from a variety of regression perspectives. We evaluated if a latitudinal gradient of area exists at the focal scale of biomes or at the focal scale of provinces by regressing area on the mid-point ...
... We determined the degree to which area accounted for latitudinal variation in species richness of bats from a variety of regression perspectives. We evaluated if a latitudinal gradient of area exists at the focal scale of biomes or at the focal scale of provinces by regressing area on the mid-point ...
Fauna of Africa
Fauna of Africa, in its broader sense, is all the animals living in Africa and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna is found in the Afrotropical ecoregion. Lying almost entirely within the tropics, and equally to north and south of the equator creates favourable conditions for rich wildlife.