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PowerPoint Presentation - Ch14 Virions, Prions, and
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch14 Virions, Prions, and

... • Attachment proteins or spikes in enveloped viruses Distinct from bacteriophages • Segmented viruses (contain more than one RNA ...
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Fast Facts About Pathogens
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... Hydrophilic – do not have a lipid envelope. These viruses are very difficult to inactivate. Examples: Poliovirus, Echovirus, and Hepatitis A. High concentrations of ethanol and strong concentrations of chlorine are among the few germicides that will inactivate these viruses. Some quat formulations a ...
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20 Notes Bacteria and Virus

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LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

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Viruses/Bacteria/Protists/Fungi - Butler Biology

... accomplish life functions: 1. Adaptations for movement include a whip-like tail called a flagellum, tiny hair-like projections called cilia, or extensions of the cell membrane called pseudopodia. 2. An adaptation for water balance is the contractile vacuole. This vacuole pumps excess water out of th ...
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Virus Webquest - Northwest ISD Moodle
Virus Webquest - Northwest ISD Moodle

... they ________________, animals, plants, or bacteria. 5. Viruses are further classified into families and genera based on three structural considerations: 1) the type and size of their ___________________________, 2) the size and shape of the __________________________, 3) whether they have a lipid _ ...
virus reproduced
virus reproduced

... 2. A tomato plant in a greenhouse was found to be infected with tobacco mosaic virus. A few weeks later, nearby plants were also found to be infected with the virus. Which of the following best describes how the virus reproduced? A. The virus made its own spores. B. The virus produced seeds in the ...
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Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

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Introduction to viruses



A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced to produce many thousands of identical copies of the original virus, at an extraordinary rate. Unlike most living things, viruses do not have cells that divide; new viruses are assembled in the infected host cell. But unlike still simpler infectious agents, viruses contain genes, which gives them the ability to mutate and evolve. Over 5,000 species of viruses have been discovered.The origins of viruses are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. A virus consists of two or three parts: genes, made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; a protein coat that protects the genes; and in some viruses, an envelope of fat that surrounds and protects them when they are not contained within a host cell. Viruses vary in shape from the simple helical and icosahedral to more complex structures. Viruses range in size from 20 to 300 nanometres; it would take 30,000 to 750,000 of them, side by side, to stretch to 1 centimetre (0.39 in).Viruses spread in many ways. Just as many viruses are very specific as to which host species or tissue they attack, each species of virus relies on a particular method for propagation. Plant viruses are often spread from plant to plant by insects and other organisms, known as vectors. Some viruses of animals, including humans, are spread by exposure to infected bodily fluids. Viruses such as influenza are spread through the air by droplets of moisture when people cough or sneeze. Viruses such as norovirus are transmitted by the faecal–oral route, which involves the contamination of hands, food and water. Rotavirus is often spread by direct contact with infected children. The human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, is transmitted by bodily fluids transferred during sex. Others, such as the Dengue virus, are spread by blood-sucking insects.Viral infections can cause disease in humans, animals and even plants. However, they are usually eliminated by the immune system, conferring lifetime immunity to the host for that virus. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but antiviral drugs have been developed to treat life-threatening infections. Vaccines that produce lifelong immunity can prevent some viral infections.
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