VIROIDS, PRIONS A virus is a small infectious agent that can
... • In plant cells, can be easy. Example: Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), make virus dilution, rub over surface of tobacco leaf. After leaf growth, can observe plaque areas. • In animal cells, not so easy. In 1960's, standard assay was to inoculate chicken egg membranes of developing chick embryos, incuba ...
... • In plant cells, can be easy. Example: Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), make virus dilution, rub over surface of tobacco leaf. After leaf growth, can observe plaque areas. • In animal cells, not so easy. In 1960's, standard assay was to inoculate chicken egg membranes of developing chick embryos, incuba ...
Virusesand Prions - Pandem-Sim
... 3) Replication and Synthesis: The viral DNA or RNA uses the host cell to produce thousands of copies of viral nucleic acids and proteins. 4) Assembly: The new viral nucleic acids and proteins form new viral particles. 5) Release: New viral particles are released from the cell, the cell dies, and ...
... 3) Replication and Synthesis: The viral DNA or RNA uses the host cell to produce thousands of copies of viral nucleic acids and proteins. 4) Assembly: The new viral nucleic acids and proteins form new viral particles. 5) Release: New viral particles are released from the cell, the cell dies, and ...
Viruses File - Learn District 196
... • All tumor viruses transform cells into cancer cells after integration of viral nucleic acid into host DNA. – Viruses may carry oncogenes that trigger cancerous characteristics in cells. • These oncogenes are often versions of proto-oncogenes that influence the cell cycle in normal cells. • Proto- ...
... • All tumor viruses transform cells into cancer cells after integration of viral nucleic acid into host DNA. – Viruses may carry oncogenes that trigger cancerous characteristics in cells. • These oncogenes are often versions of proto-oncogenes that influence the cell cycle in normal cells. • Proto- ...
Teacher
... The early transcript (primary transcript) results in the mRNAs for early proteins. The mRNAs are translated in the cytoplasm. (2) DNA replication DNA replication uses host cell DNA polymerase, which recognizes the viral origin of replication. This process of DNA replication is very similar to that w ...
... The early transcript (primary transcript) results in the mRNAs for early proteins. The mRNAs are translated in the cytoplasm. (2) DNA replication DNA replication uses host cell DNA polymerase, which recognizes the viral origin of replication. This process of DNA replication is very similar to that w ...
Place Invaders: Invasive Diseases
... plants are infected with viruses little can be done. There is not effective treatment. The best control is prevention. Scientists are working on creating vaccines but they are in the early stages of research. ...
... plants are infected with viruses little can be done. There is not effective treatment. The best control is prevention. Scientists are working on creating vaccines but they are in the early stages of research. ...
Introduction to viruses Viruses are non
... variation among the viruses….so much so that to lump them all into a single group is quite a stretch. How did viruses evolve? We’re not sure, but since they are totally dependent on cells, it seems logical that cells came first. However, some scientists say that bacteria and viruses evolved at the s ...
... variation among the viruses….so much so that to lump them all into a single group is quite a stretch. How did viruses evolve? We’re not sure, but since they are totally dependent on cells, it seems logical that cells came first. However, some scientists say that bacteria and viruses evolved at the s ...
Chapter 19 – Viruses
... Figure 19.1 shows Escherichia coli, a bacterium, being attached by a virus called T4 bacteriophage. This virus infects the bacterial cell and causes the bacterium to make more viral particles. A virus is an infectious particle that is composed of at least a nucleic acid center surrounded by a protei ...
... Figure 19.1 shows Escherichia coli, a bacterium, being attached by a virus called T4 bacteriophage. This virus infects the bacterial cell and causes the bacterium to make more viral particles. A virus is an infectious particle that is composed of at least a nucleic acid center surrounded by a protei ...
Virus-Linked Cancers
... Maria’s doctor ran tests and determined that the abnormal cells were caused by a Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Maria had the precancerous cells removed with cryosurgery, a procedure that uses the extreme cold produced by liquid nitrogen or argon gas to destroy the abnormal tissue. ...
... Maria’s doctor ran tests and determined that the abnormal cells were caused by a Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Maria had the precancerous cells removed with cryosurgery, a procedure that uses the extreme cold produced by liquid nitrogen or argon gas to destroy the abnormal tissue. ...
Antiviral Drugs
... – Enzymes needed for replication of viral nucleic acid are either unique targets (reverse transcriptase) or more sensitive than host enzymes to drugs. – Numerous examples: many are nucleoside analogs that are phosphorylated, inhibit enzymes. ...
... – Enzymes needed for replication of viral nucleic acid are either unique targets (reverse transcriptase) or more sensitive than host enzymes to drugs. – Numerous examples: many are nucleoside analogs that are phosphorylated, inhibit enzymes. ...
Chapter 19 – Viruses
... *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. ...
... *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. ...
Bacteria And Viruses - American Training School
... 1. They are energy –less. They float around until they come in contact with an appropriate cell. 2. They are basic life forms composed of a protein coat, called a capsid, that surrounds genetic material. 3. Viruses do not have organelles or ribosomes. Certain viruses are futher enclosed by an extern ...
... 1. They are energy –less. They float around until they come in contact with an appropriate cell. 2. They are basic life forms composed of a protein coat, called a capsid, that surrounds genetic material. 3. Viruses do not have organelles or ribosomes. Certain viruses are futher enclosed by an extern ...
Created with Sketch. Make an adenovirus
... You are going to make a model of a virus from the Adenoviridae family of viruses. The viruses from this family can cause diseases such as tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, respiratory diseases, ear infections and gastroenteritis. What to do 1. Cut out the isohedron template. 2. Crease along the lines. 3. ...
... You are going to make a model of a virus from the Adenoviridae family of viruses. The viruses from this family can cause diseases such as tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, respiratory diseases, ear infections and gastroenteritis. What to do 1. Cut out the isohedron template. 2. Crease along the lines. 3. ...
HIV Worksheet A Lead-in 1 Do you know what the letters
... In general, viruses have very small genomes, which means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses are parasitic, they bring very little with the ...
... In general, viruses have very small genomes, which means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses are parasitic, they bring very little with the ...
Essential knowledge 3.C.3:
... (called an envelope) surrounding the capsid. The envelope is derived from the host cell membrane and contains both viral and host proteins and glycoproteins. ...
... (called an envelope) surrounding the capsid. The envelope is derived from the host cell membrane and contains both viral and host proteins and glycoproteins. ...
20.1 Viruses
... Infection in which a virus inserts its nucleic acid into the DNA of the host cell and is duplicated with the cell’s DNA An infection in which a virus enters a bacterial cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst, or lyse Prophage ...
... Infection in which a virus inserts its nucleic acid into the DNA of the host cell and is duplicated with the cell’s DNA An infection in which a virus enters a bacterial cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst, or lyse Prophage ...
BIOL260Exam2 review
... 1. Know the definition of the following terms: genome, gene, protein, genomics, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. 2. What is meant by the terms genotype and phenotype? 3. What is a gene? What is the relationship between a gene and a protein? 4. Understand all the chemical components f ...
... 1. Know the definition of the following terms: genome, gene, protein, genomics, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. 2. What is meant by the terms genotype and phenotype? 3. What is a gene? What is the relationship between a gene and a protein? 4. Understand all the chemical components f ...
Viruses and Evolution Student Recording Sheet
... b. Another way is by one viral strain jumping from one kind of animal such as a bird to individuals of different species without undergoing any genetic change. If the virus can reproduce and infe ...
... b. Another way is by one viral strain jumping from one kind of animal such as a bird to individuals of different species without undergoing any genetic change. If the virus can reproduce and infe ...
Virus Notes
... A. The hereditary material of the virus becomes part of the host cell’s hereditary material. B. As the host cell reproduces, the viral DNA is copied. C. A latent virus may be dormant for many years. D. Outside factors induce the virus to become active. When this occurs, the virus becomes active and ...
... A. The hereditary material of the virus becomes part of the host cell’s hereditary material. B. As the host cell reproduces, the viral DNA is copied. C. A latent virus may be dormant for many years. D. Outside factors induce the virus to become active. When this occurs, the virus becomes active and ...
viruses - CowanScience
... Describe viral reproduction. • Viruses must reproduce inside of a host cell ...
... Describe viral reproduction. • Viruses must reproduce inside of a host cell ...
Lytic cycle
... -Nucleic acid core surrounded by capsid Nucleic acid can be DNA or RNA; Circular or linear; Single- or double-stranded Some viruses store specialized enzymes inside their capsids Many animal viruses have an envelope ...
... -Nucleic acid core surrounded by capsid Nucleic acid can be DNA or RNA; Circular or linear; Single- or double-stranded Some viruses store specialized enzymes inside their capsids Many animal viruses have an envelope ...
Size and Shape of Viruses
... Once inside a host cell, the retrovirus makes DNA from its RNA Use reverse transcriptase (enzyme) to do thislocated inside capsid The double-stranded DNA is then inserted into the host cell’s chromosome and becomes a provirus Example: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infects white blood cells, whi ...
... Once inside a host cell, the retrovirus makes DNA from its RNA Use reverse transcriptase (enzyme) to do thislocated inside capsid The double-stranded DNA is then inserted into the host cell’s chromosome and becomes a provirus Example: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infects white blood cells, whi ...
Virus PowerPoint
... • A typical virus is composed of a core of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. (usually about 95% of the total mass) • Some capsids are surrounded by a membrane envelope. These are referred to as enveloped viruses. The envelope allows the virus to attach to their host ce ...
... • A typical virus is composed of a core of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. (usually about 95% of the total mass) • Some capsids are surrounded by a membrane envelope. These are referred to as enveloped viruses. The envelope allows the virus to attach to their host ce ...
File - Mr. SR Brandt
... meaning their body is producing antibodies to fight that particular antigen. This is a strong immunity and can often be permanent • There is also passive immunity-where a person gains antibodies produced by another human or animal, for example: unborn babies from their mother. This type is weaker an ...
... meaning their body is producing antibodies to fight that particular antigen. This is a strong immunity and can often be permanent • There is also passive immunity-where a person gains antibodies produced by another human or animal, for example: unborn babies from their mother. This type is weaker an ...
Introduction to viruses
A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced to produce many thousands of identical copies of the original virus, at an extraordinary rate. Unlike most living things, viruses do not have cells that divide; new viruses are assembled in the infected host cell. But unlike still simpler infectious agents, viruses contain genes, which gives them the ability to mutate and evolve. Over 5,000 species of viruses have been discovered.The origins of viruses are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. A virus consists of two or three parts: genes, made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; a protein coat that protects the genes; and in some viruses, an envelope of fat that surrounds and protects them when they are not contained within a host cell. Viruses vary in shape from the simple helical and icosahedral to more complex structures. Viruses range in size from 20 to 300 nanometres; it would take 30,000 to 750,000 of them, side by side, to stretch to 1 centimetre (0.39 in).Viruses spread in many ways. Just as many viruses are very specific as to which host species or tissue they attack, each species of virus relies on a particular method for propagation. Plant viruses are often spread from plant to plant by insects and other organisms, known as vectors. Some viruses of animals, including humans, are spread by exposure to infected bodily fluids. Viruses such as influenza are spread through the air by droplets of moisture when people cough or sneeze. Viruses such as norovirus are transmitted by the faecal–oral route, which involves the contamination of hands, food and water. Rotavirus is often spread by direct contact with infected children. The human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, is transmitted by bodily fluids transferred during sex. Others, such as the Dengue virus, are spread by blood-sucking insects.Viral infections can cause disease in humans, animals and even plants. However, they are usually eliminated by the immune system, conferring lifetime immunity to the host for that virus. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but antiviral drugs have been developed to treat life-threatening infections. Vaccines that produce lifelong immunity can prevent some viral infections.