Ocean Basins
... Mid-Ocean Ridges (underwater mountain ranges) water depth – 2000-4000 m can be less – where islands occur (e.g., Iceland) volcanic eruptions create new ocean crust hot basalt, thermal expansion creates elevation moves away from ridge axis in both directions Abyssal basins older, colder ocean crust w ...
... Mid-Ocean Ridges (underwater mountain ranges) water depth – 2000-4000 m can be less – where islands occur (e.g., Iceland) volcanic eruptions create new ocean crust hot basalt, thermal expansion creates elevation moves away from ridge axis in both directions Abyssal basins older, colder ocean crust w ...
Why Africa is being torn apart
... • 10. margin where the plates are • 6. slowly moving • 1. away from each other. The molten • 11. rock continues to push the crust • 2. apart creating new crust as it does. When this process happens within a continent it • 9. is called rifting. As the Great Rift Valley expands, water will • 7. collec ...
... • 10. margin where the plates are • 6. slowly moving • 1. away from each other. The molten • 11. rock continues to push the crust • 2. apart creating new crust as it does. When this process happens within a continent it • 9. is called rifting. As the Great Rift Valley expands, water will • 7. collec ...
File
... is powerful, too. • Weather and erode soft rocks Underground erosion • Causes caves to form • Underground caves collapse - Weight on top Underground • Caves near the surface • Sinkholes may open suddenly • Large holes • Found where limestone is • Usually Florida - Like water, cause land-changing pro ...
... is powerful, too. • Weather and erode soft rocks Underground erosion • Causes caves to form • Underground caves collapse - Weight on top Underground • Caves near the surface • Sinkholes may open suddenly • Large holes • Found where limestone is • Usually Florida - Like water, cause land-changing pro ...
Needed for Lab 2 Goals of Today’s Lecture Lab 2 • Protractor
... rock is converted to soil minus the change in sediment flux over a landscape element or the sediment flux divergence. ...
... rock is converted to soil minus the change in sediment flux over a landscape element or the sediment flux divergence. ...
Ocean Basins - University of Washington
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
Q.1
... The marking schemes which follow were those used by the WJEC for the 2003 examination in GCE GEOLOGY. They were finalised after detailed discussion at examiners' conferences by all the examiners involved in the assessment. The conferences were held shortly after the papers were taken so that referen ...
... The marking schemes which follow were those used by the WJEC for the 2003 examination in GCE GEOLOGY. They were finalised after detailed discussion at examiners' conferences by all the examiners involved in the assessment. The conferences were held shortly after the papers were taken so that referen ...
Ocean Basins - University of Washington
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
PPT
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
... Sub-Environments on Continental Margins Continental shelf smooth, gently dipping (less than 0.1 degrees) land surface during lowstand of sea level glacial ice melted and flooded portion of continent Continental slope steep (more than 4 degrees), rough topography edge of continental crust submarine ...
The fate of subducted sediments at convergent plate
... Sediment subduction and subduction erosion are the main processes that transfer material from continental crust and island arcs to the mantle, which in turn results in the generation of “light” ...
... Sediment subduction and subduction erosion are the main processes that transfer material from continental crust and island arcs to the mantle, which in turn results in the generation of “light” ...
2-1 Classroom Investigations, 5th Grade
... Weathering of earth materials is the process by which forces and materials change the physical and chemical character of rocks near the surface of the Earth. The processes can be classified as: 1. Mechanical weathering – breaking down or crushing of rocks into smaller pieces (e.g., freezing and thaw ...
... Weathering of earth materials is the process by which forces and materials change the physical and chemical character of rocks near the surface of the Earth. The processes can be classified as: 1. Mechanical weathering – breaking down or crushing of rocks into smaller pieces (e.g., freezing and thaw ...
Chap. 8 Weathering & Soil Formation
... & other substances at Earth’s surface. Heat, cold, water, ice, oxygen, carbon dioxide, freezing, & thawing all contribute to weathering. Erosion is the removal of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity. Weathering & erosion work together continuously to wear down & carry away the rocks ...
... & other substances at Earth’s surface. Heat, cold, water, ice, oxygen, carbon dioxide, freezing, & thawing all contribute to weathering. Erosion is the removal of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity. Weathering & erosion work together continuously to wear down & carry away the rocks ...
old exam questions
... 38. Vegetation is an important stabilizer to prevent or slow the effects of a. wind erosion d. all of the above b. the erosion of soil by flowing water e. none of the above c. some kinds of mass wasting 39. Which of the following processes sort sediment into discrete particle sizes? a. mass wasting ...
... 38. Vegetation is an important stabilizer to prevent or slow the effects of a. wind erosion d. all of the above b. the erosion of soil by flowing water e. none of the above c. some kinds of mass wasting 39. Which of the following processes sort sediment into discrete particle sizes? a. mass wasting ...
Name_____________________________________ Honors
... 21. Juneau Alaska is surrounded by glaciers that were much larger during the last Ice Age, which was at its height 15,000 years ago. During the last century, the remaining glaciers have been melting even quicker because of global warming. How would the melting of the glaciers affect sea level?______ ...
... 21. Juneau Alaska is surrounded by glaciers that were much larger during the last Ice Age, which was at its height 15,000 years ago. During the last century, the remaining glaciers have been melting even quicker because of global warming. How would the melting of the glaciers affect sea level?______ ...
An overview of mass movement
... The term mass wasting (sometimes called mass movement) encompasses a broad array of processes whereby earth material is transported down a slope by the force of gravity. It is related closely to weathering, which is the breakdown of minerals or rocks at or near Earth's surface through physical, chem ...
... The term mass wasting (sometimes called mass movement) encompasses a broad array of processes whereby earth material is transported down a slope by the force of gravity. It is related closely to weathering, which is the breakdown of minerals or rocks at or near Earth's surface through physical, chem ...
Lecture 14 – Marine Sediments (1) The CCD is: (a) the depth at
... (8) What do you expect the composition of sediments will be at 2500m in middle of the Equatorial Pacific? How will that change if the depth at the same area is 5000 meters? The sediment will be foram ooze with siliceous components; it is productive so both will be there but it is above the CCD so c ...
... (8) What do you expect the composition of sediments will be at 2500m in middle of the Equatorial Pacific? How will that change if the depth at the same area is 5000 meters? The sediment will be foram ooze with siliceous components; it is productive so both will be there but it is above the CCD so c ...
Introduction: The Valles caldera, in the Jemez Moun
... (MIS), preserved in the sediments [3]. The basin has a geochemically restrained watershed dominated by compositionally similar rhyolites, which allows for variations in chemical composition of the deposited sediment to be understood as diagnostic of variation in the environment and the nature of the ...
... (MIS), preserved in the sediments [3]. The basin has a geochemically restrained watershed dominated by compositionally similar rhyolites, which allows for variations in chemical composition of the deposited sediment to be understood as diagnostic of variation in the environment and the nature of the ...
chapt03_lecture Getis 13e
... Agent of erosion and deposition Huge mass of slowly moving land ice Covered a large part of the earth as recently as 10,000-15,000 years ago Form only where annual snowfall exceeds annual snowmelt and evaporation The weight of the snow causes it to compact at the base and form ice Ice at the bot ...
... Agent of erosion and deposition Huge mass of slowly moving land ice Covered a large part of the earth as recently as 10,000-15,000 years ago Form only where annual snowfall exceeds annual snowmelt and evaporation The weight of the snow causes it to compact at the base and form ice Ice at the bot ...
Topography - Teacher Friendly Guides
... you never have to bike up a hill? Topography is the change in elevation over an area. The topography of the Northeast is intimately tied to weathering and erosional forces, and the type and structure of the underlying bedrock. Weathering includes both mechanical and chemical processes that break dow ...
... you never have to bike up a hill? Topography is the change in elevation over an area. The topography of the Northeast is intimately tied to weathering and erosional forces, and the type and structure of the underlying bedrock. Weathering includes both mechanical and chemical processes that break dow ...
Geology of Tarnagulla area
... Gondwanaland and continental drift Our story begins around 600 million years ago when close to half of the world’s continents were clustered together around the South Pole forming one massive continent known as Gondwanaland, sometimes abbreviated to Gondwana. When we think about that we need to kee ...
... Gondwanaland and continental drift Our story begins around 600 million years ago when close to half of the world’s continents were clustered together around the South Pole forming one massive continent known as Gondwanaland, sometimes abbreviated to Gondwana. When we think about that we need to kee ...
The Pliocene Valleys
... The primordial lava plain drifted slowly out of the active volcanic zone. Accumulation of volcanic extrusives slowed down and stopped, and erosion took over (Pálmason 1980,1981), weathering and carving out a new landscape. This, the episode of peneplanation, might have occurred near the end of the M ...
... The primordial lava plain drifted slowly out of the active volcanic zone. Accumulation of volcanic extrusives slowed down and stopped, and erosion took over (Pálmason 1980,1981), weathering and carving out a new landscape. This, the episode of peneplanation, might have occurred near the end of the M ...
Adirondacks - Old Rocks, New Mountains
... Formed in warm shallow sea. Potsdam sandstone probably covered Adirondacks and was eroded from central portions after later uplift. ...
... Formed in warm shallow sea. Potsdam sandstone probably covered Adirondacks and was eroded from central portions after later uplift. ...
May 2012
... the answer booklet. Do NOT answer on this exam paper. {6 marks} Ice flows in complex ways. One method, called (i) , results when the thickness of the ice is so great, the pressure allows the ice to flow. Another mechanism, called (ii) , occurs when the entire ice mass slides along the ground. Glacie ...
... the answer booklet. Do NOT answer on this exam paper. {6 marks} Ice flows in complex ways. One method, called (i) , results when the thickness of the ice is so great, the pressure allows the ice to flow. Another mechanism, called (ii) , occurs when the entire ice mass slides along the ground. Glacie ...
Paleontological Perspectives on Climate Change
... • Hard to determine, because extinction events are normally studied over millions of years, not centuries • Ice age extinction of megafauna – some links to human radiation people have been screwing things up since BEFORE CO2 was a concern ...
... • Hard to determine, because extinction events are normally studied over millions of years, not centuries • Ice age extinction of megafauna – some links to human radiation people have been screwing things up since BEFORE CO2 was a concern ...
Weathering
... Some minerals are more Stable at the earth’s surface than others! These take longer to weather. Composition dictates hardness which determines resistance to weathering. ...
... Some minerals are more Stable at the earth’s surface than others! These take longer to weather. Composition dictates hardness which determines resistance to weathering. ...
Beyond_the_Beach
... separate pieces of crust move due to convection of heat in underlying layer (Mantle) plates can move in different directions, and collide Collisions a) two continental plates collide, form high mountain ranges e.g., Himalayas b) two ocean plates collide, form island arc and submarine trench e.g., Al ...
... separate pieces of crust move due to convection of heat in underlying layer (Mantle) plates can move in different directions, and collide Collisions a) two continental plates collide, form high mountain ranges e.g., Himalayas b) two ocean plates collide, form island arc and submarine trench e.g., Al ...
Overdeepening
Overdeepening is a characteristic of basins and valleys eroded by glaciers. An overdeepened valley profile is often eroded to depths which are hundreds of metres below the deepest continuous line (the thalweg) along a valley or watercourse. This phenomenon is observed under modern day glaciers, in salt-water fjords and fresh-water lakes remaining after glaciers melt, as well as in tunnel valleys which are partially or totally filled with sediment. When the channel produced by a glacier is filled with debris, the subsurface geomorphic structure is found to be erosionally cut into bedrock and subsequently filled by sediments. These overdeepened cuts into bedrock structures can reach a depth of several hundred metres below the valley floor.Overdeepened fjords and lakes have significant economic value as harbours and fisheries. Overdeepened basins and valleys filled with sediment (termed tunnel valleys) are of particular interest to engineers, petroleum geologists, and hydrologists; engineers apply the information for developing foundations and tunnel construction, petroleum geologists use tunnel valley locations to identify potential oil fields, while hydrologists apply this knowledge for groundwater resource management.