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Rock Cycle and Rock Types
Rock Cycle and Rock Types

... Igneous Rocks • Igneous rocks are rocks that are formed from the crystallization of magma. ...
Notes on Igneous Rocks:
Notes on Igneous Rocks:

...  _______________-moving, THINNER= LOW Viscosity, less resistance to flowing, more fluid  Crystallize to _____________ __________________ minerals  Resulting rocks have relatively _____________ __________________.  Mafic igneous rocks make up the _________________ ____________________.  Examples ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... that would change everything. These cyanobacteria which evolved 3.5-1.5 billion years ago (also known as blue-green algae), were remarkably self-sufficient creatures that could use the sun’s energy to make their own food, and fix nitrogen, a process where nitrogen gas is converted into ammonia or ni ...
Layers of the Earth Investigation 2
Layers of the Earth Investigation 2

... what the layers are made up of, or physically, based on how the layers behave. When divided up chemically, there are 4 main layers of the Earth: the crust, the mantle and the outer and inner core. The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is the layer that we walk on when we step outside. Th ...
Intro to Rocks
Intro to Rocks

... away by streams, rivers, wind, glaciers and deposited elsewhere as sediments. • The sediments are then buried and lithified (turned into solid rock) being subjected to heat, pressure, and fluids the sedimentary rocks becomes metamorphic rocks. • Metamorphic rocks maybe uplifted and eroded or may bec ...
Chemical Equation
Chemical Equation

... • Are compounds composed of charged particles. • In general: the electrons are shared between the ions. Metals tend to give up their electrons to an incomplete nonmetal. • All Ionic compounds are represented by their empirical formulas. They are always in the smallest whole number ratios. ...
Make money from tree tomatoes
Make money from tree tomatoes

... because of the harm they cause to the soils. Apart from creating acidity, they induce leaching of essential minerals in the soil, making them unavailable to plants. The use of such fertilizers is therefore not sustainable. Instead of chemical fertilizers, organic farming promotes the recycling of or ...
Reactions of Metals and Their Compounds
Reactions of Metals and Their Compounds

... For example: Answer = Ms. Lee Question? Who is the most awesome teacher in the world, with beautiful long hair and a wonderful personality. And she is very nice and funny too. ...
Cl -1
Cl -1

... Combining a metal-oxide and a nonmetaloxide to produce a tertiary salt. General Equation: AO + BO  ABO Example: Barium oxide + dinitrogen pentoxide BaO(s) + N2O5(g)  Ba(NO3)2(aq) ...
MINERAL RESOURCES
MINERAL RESOURCES

... • Lahar – mud flows which are very destructive to landscape ...
Chapter 22 General Science The Earth`s Crust 22
Chapter 22 General Science The Earth`s Crust 22

... * Ice can also cause weathering in rocks. Rocks have many cracks. Water fills the cracks. As water freezes, it expands. The ice acts like a wedge and breaks the rock into smaller pieces. * Rain causes weathering, too. Raindrops beat on rocks like millions of little hammers. Eventually, the rocks wea ...
Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions

... naturally, the process is unaided. • Example: –Decomposition of dead matter = spontaneous endothermic reactions. (absorbs heat energy) –Forest fire = spontaneous exothermic reactions. (releases heat energy) ...
Take notes on this document while you are watching the recorded
Take notes on this document while you are watching the recorded

... B. Chemical bonds: We will focus on 3 types of bonds important to living systems. -Ionic bond-Covalent bond-Hydrogen bond Keep in mind: Atoms are most stable with 8 electrons in their outer energy level! Text Fig. 2.2 p. 30 Ionic bond formation ...
When Are Nitrogen Units - Perfect Blend Biotic Fertilizers
When Are Nitrogen Units - Perfect Blend Biotic Fertilizers

... mechanisms. Most of these mechanisms are microbiological factors that don’t seem to add up to much until measured together as a whole. An example is the transformation of bacteria into nitrogen. Within a short time after the application of an organic food source that meets a bacterium’s needs, there ...
mining technology for the upgrade and geological investigations
mining technology for the upgrade and geological investigations

... porphyres were distinguished. The lithoclasts observed are mainly from volcanic (andesite with porphiroid and hyalliclastic texture), rarely from metamorphic (schists, quertzites), sporadically from sedimentary (sparite limestones) rocks and singular bioclasts (Bivalvia). Glass shards were not obser ...
Woodland 1
Woodland 1

... -abundant vegetation cover ...
Predicting Reactions • AP Chemistry CLASSIFYING REACTIONS
Predicting Reactions • AP Chemistry CLASSIFYING REACTIONS

... electrode will attract SO42- ions but SO42- can not further oxidize (full of oxygen and no more unshared pair of electrons possible for further oxidation). As a result, you should use the other side of the hydrolysis in Trick #1: instead of OH-, put H+; instead of H2, put O2. This makes sense becaus ...
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry

...  Energy is given off in combustion reactions.  For organic compounds, water and carbon dioxide are usual byproducts.  Ex. Metabolism of food, fuel combustion:  Sucrose (C22H12O11) combusts  Combustion of propane  Combustion of hydrogen ...
Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes

... which a substance changes from the solid state to the liquid state. For pure water themelting point is 32oF or 0oC. The Freezing point of a substance is the same as the melting point, since the process of freezing is the opposite of melting. The boiling point is defined as that temperature at which ...
Grade 4 Lesson: 1-2 All Sorts of Rocks Reference to English
Grade 4 Lesson: 1-2 All Sorts of Rocks Reference to English

... T: One way we can make rocks is by taking many smaller rocks and pressing them together in layers. These are called sedimentary rocks. T: The layers of rock remind me of a sandwich.  Make a sandwich to show the students the layers. You can either alternate peanut butter and jelly (maybe even add in ...
An Introduction to Redox
An Introduction to Redox

... The students will develop an understanding of the structure of atoms, compounds, chemical  reactions, and the interactions of energy and matter.  Benchmark 3: The student will gain a basic concept of chemical reactions.  The student …  1.  understands a chemical reaction occurs when one or more subs ...
Pomegranate - Tropical Fruit Farm
Pomegranate - Tropical Fruit Farm

... Pomegranate juice has long been a popular drink in Persian and Indian cuisine. Pomegranate can also be used to obtain a variety of products such as jams, preserves, jellies etc. The juice can also be made into a wine. The bark is used in tanning and dyeing giving the yellow hue to Morocco leather. B ...
Module4
Module4

... • Rainfall-runoff process determines excess precipitation. Excess precipitation is the portion of the input that is available for runoff. • The conversion is via a “loss” model – generally only infiltration losses are considered. ...
Environmental Science Scoring Guidelines
Environmental Science Scoring Guidelines

... (1 point for a correct description: A student can earn the point even without explicitly identifying the process if an accurate description is provided. No point is earned for listing a word as an answer; the answer must identify the form of carbon being released into the atmosphere as part of the d ...
Potential anthropogenic mobilisation of mercury and arsenic from
Potential anthropogenic mobilisation of mercury and arsenic from

... Eroded roots of hot spring systems in Northland, New Zealand consist of mineralised rocks containing sulfide minerals. Marcasite and cinnabar are the dominant sulfides with subordinate pyrite. Deep weathering and leached soil formation has occurred in a warm temperate to subtropical climate with up ...
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Pedosphere

The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον pedon ""soil"" or ""earth"" and σφαίρα sfaíra ""sphere"") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The sum total of all the organisms, soils, water and air is termed as the ""pedosphere"". The pedosphere is the skin of the Earth and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the soil). The pedosphere is the foundation of terrestrial life on this planet. There is a realization that the pedosphere needs to be distinctly recognized as a dynamic interface of all terrestrial ecosystems and be integrated into the Earth System Science knowledge base.The pedosphere acts as the mediator of chemical and biogeochemical flux into and out of these respective systems and is made up of gaseous, mineralic, fluid and biologic components. The pedosphere lies within the Critical Zone, a broader interface that includes vegetation, pedosphere, groundwater aquifer systems, regolith and finally ends at some depth in the bedrock where the biosphere and hydrosphere cease to make significant changes to the chemistry at depth. As part of the larger global system, any particular environment in which soil forms is influenced solely by its geographic position on the globe as climatic, geologic, biologic and anthropogenic changes occur with changes in longitude and latitude.The pedosphere lies below the vegetative cover of the biosphere and above the hydrosphere and lithosphere. The soil forming process (pedogenesis) can begin without the aid of biology but is significantly quickened in the presence of biologic reactions. Soil formation begins with the chemical and/or physical breakdown of minerals to form the initial material that overlies the bedrock substrate. Biology quickens this by secreting acidic compounds (dominantly fulvic acids) that help break rock apart. Particular biologic pioneers are lichen, mosses and seed bearing plants but many other inorganic reactions take place that diversify the chemical makeup of the early soil layer. Once weathering and decomposition products accumulate, a coherent soil body allows the migration of fluids both vertically and laterally through the soil profile causing ion exchange between solid, fluid and gaseous phases. As time progresses, the bulk geochemistry of the soil layer will deviate away from the initial composition of the bedrock and will evolve to a chemistry that reflects the type of reactions that take place in the soil.
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