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Albatross and giant-petrel distribution across the world`s tuna and
Albatross and giant-petrel distribution across the world`s tuna and

... as adults during the non-breeding months when they may forage more widely or undertake circumpolar migrations. Methods follow those used in BirdLife International (2004). Multi-species summaries were created by weighting each species equally, regardless of population size. Data gaps exist for certai ...
2016.17 Ecology, Ongoing Expectations
2016.17 Ecology, Ongoing Expectations

... CLE 3255.Inq.2 Design and conduct scientific investigations to explore new phenomena, verify previous results, test how well a theory predicts, and compare opposing theories. CLE 3255.Inq.3 Use appropriate tools and technology to collect precise and accurate data. CLE 3255.Inq.4 Apply qualitative an ...
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010

... 1. Define behavior. 2. Distinguish between proximate and ultimate questions about behavior. 3. Explain how genes and the environment contribute to behavior. Explain what is unique about innate behavior. 4. Define fixed action patterns and give examples in fish and humans. 5. Describe the evolutionar ...
From Population to the Biosphere
From Population to the Biosphere

... Growth of the Human Population There are two different beliefs about what type of growth the human population undergoes: a. Neo-Malthusians believe that human population growth cannot continue without destroying the environment, and maybe humans themselves. b. Cornucopians believe that the Earth can ...
Qualitative Insight Into Public Knowledge of, and
Qualitative Insight Into Public Knowledge of, and

... used either Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) or Landsat Thematic Mapperscenes—each allows identification of boundaries between major changes in vegetation. 8 This particular measure of biodiversity is more representative of overall levels of biological diversity than are measures of single speci ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 241:23
Marine Ecology Progress Series 241:23

... species richness (Table 1) at both the large area/biogeographical province scale and the within samplescale for many groups, including corals, algae and echinoderms (Price 1982, Sheppard et al. 1992). This is attributed to stressful environmental conditions, including extreme sea temperatures (<12 t ...
Semester 1 Course Review
Semester 1 Course Review

... 8. Fill in the chart below about the historical figures associated with plate tectonics. Scientist Contribution Abraham Ortelius Alfred Wegener Alexander Du Toit Harry H. Hess ...
Grade 10 (SNC 2D)
Grade 10 (SNC 2D)

... Pioneer organisms modify their environment and establish conditions under which more advanced organisms can live because they slowly start to transform the environment and create conditions that are suitable for other organisms. ...
Richness patterns, species distributions and the principle of extreme
Richness patterns, species distributions and the principle of extreme

... species clearly shows stronger correlations with environmental and climate variation than richness calculated for narrow-ranging species, which seem to be more randomly distributed in geographical space (see also Rahbek et al., 2007; but see Hawkins & Diniz-Filho, 2006, and Ruggiero & Hawkins, 2008, ...
Maintaining a landscape that facilitates range shifts for terrestrial
Maintaining a landscape that facilitates range shifts for terrestrial

... habitat niches while staying in the same location, perhaps choosing shadier nesting sites or spending more time in riparian areas or being less active during the day; 2) populations evolve new climate tolerances to adapt to changed conditions through natural selection. We often think of evolution as ...
18th Annual Graduate Student Symposium
18th Annual Graduate Student Symposium

... interdisciplinary, campus-wide program designed to provide individualized training for graduate students for research and teaching careers in ecology and evolutionary biology and to produce scientists who are both technically competent and broadly educated in ecology, evolution and conservation biol ...
Free-feeding insect herbivores along environmental gradients in
Free-feeding insect herbivores along environmental gradients in

... have not been sufficiently explored, despite many recent studies (e.g. Leakey and Proctor, 1987; Fernandes and Price, 1988, 1991; McCoy, 1990; Olson, 1994; Lopatin, 1996). In montane ecosystems, where climate variation and natural habitat fragmentation are common traits (Olson, 1994; Boggs and Murph ...
Frog Declines
Frog Declines

... Like many other organisms, increasing ultraviolet-B (UVB)radiation due to stratospheric ozone depletion and other factors harms amphibians. However, the amount of damage depends upon the life stage, the species and other environmental parameters. Thus, for some species, UVB harms early stages such a ...
Earth and Environmental Science
Earth and Environmental Science

... The map shows the locations of seven megafauna fossil sites in Australia. The table shows the number and approximate age of megafauna reptile, bird and mammal species found at each site. ...
SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES BIOLOGY AND LIKELIHOOD OF
SPECIAL-STATUS SPECIES BIOLOGY AND LIKELIHOOD OF

... have been overlooked. The best available information on the species with regard to the Project study area is either very uncertain, or is about equally weighted for and against occurrence. Depending upon local and special legal status, extent of habitat, and the nature and sensitivity of the project ...
2007 YRBOOK UNDER
2007 YRBOOK UNDER

... [Pre-requisites: BCB211/BCB221 or a knowledge of animal diversity AND BCB231 or a knowledge of the principles of taxonomy and evolutionary biology] Main Content: Traditional and molecular characters in genetic studies, techniques for acquiring molecular data in the laboratory and from the internet. ...
Full text in pdf format
Full text in pdf format

... Large mobile predators (such as decapod crustaceans and fish of large size) are excluded in this study as well as the epibenthic invertebrate fauna typical of vertical walls. The large mobile fauna associated with this community is discussed separately elsewhere (Ojeda & Dearborn unpubl.). As noted ...
Basic and Applied Ecology
Basic and Applied Ecology

... Glenn 1997, Johnson 1998). Indeed, few other patterns in community ecology have been found to exhibit such a high level of generality (the species-area relationship being one obvious exception). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the positive interspecific relationship between local ab ...
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010
ap biology summer assignment 2009-2010

... 2. Distinguish between the abiotic and biotic components of the environment. 3. Describe the relationship between ecology and evolutionary biology. 4. Distinguish among organismal ecology, population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, and landscape ecology. 5. Define the precautionary pr ...
THE BIOLOGY OF DESERTS. David Ward. 2009.
THE BIOLOGY OF DESERTS. David Ward. 2009.

... and scorpions, the importance of specialization on prey types. Fleas, toads, spiders, and beetles arise in examples of parasitoids and parasites. In Chapter Seven, Ward continues to make the case that plant–animal interactions in desert communities are important to shaping their structure; i.e., tha ...
File
File

... that the Americas had torn away from Europe and Africa! ...
Peppered Moth Simulation Questions
Peppered Moth Simulation Questions

... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species traits can change from one generation to the next due to natural selection. Introduction: Charles Darwin accumulated a tremendous collection of facts to support the theory of evolution by natural s ...
Natural Causes of Extinction
Natural Causes of Extinction

... Climate change/Global Warming John W. Williams from UW-Madison suggests that changes in regions such as the Peruvian Andes, portions of the Himalayas and southern Australia could have a profound impact on indigenous plants and animals Williams and his research partners used computer models to estim ...
Plates on the Move
Plates on the Move

... was compelling. But wouldn’t we feel the movement? • Also, wouldn’t there be evidence to show that the continents were still moving today? • Wegener was a meteorologist and his theory was not well accepted. (He died on an expedition in Greenland collecting ice samples) ...
Biodiversity under threat in glacier-fed river systems
Biodiversity under threat in glacier-fed river systems

... the distribution of alpine aquatic species, glacier-fed rivers have received negligible attention from conservationists. Here we describe ...
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Biogeography



Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.
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