geography
... With a view to bring about greater reliability, validity and objectivity in the examination system and also for closer integration of teaching, learning and evaluation. (1) The syllabus has been divided into units. Questions will be set from each unit with provision for internal choice. (2) In order ...
... With a view to bring about greater reliability, validity and objectivity in the examination system and also for closer integration of teaching, learning and evaluation. (1) The syllabus has been divided into units. Questions will be set from each unit with provision for internal choice. (2) In order ...
sagnard_etal_2007_ecomod
... Steven, 1991b). However most of them only provided partial understanding of natural regeneration dynamics, because they assumed that seed rain was unlimited and homogeneous (but see Clark et al., 1998). Likewise, calibrating dispersal functions was not sufficient to measure the existence of recruitme ...
... Steven, 1991b). However most of them only provided partial understanding of natural regeneration dynamics, because they assumed that seed rain was unlimited and homogeneous (but see Clark et al., 1998). Likewise, calibrating dispersal functions was not sufficient to measure the existence of recruitme ...
Moths and Mountains: Diversity, Altitude and Latitude
... Figure 6.6 NMDS Ordination plot of (a) Mengla (tropical) moth assemblages across four elevational bands (800m, 1000m, 1200m and 1400m a.s.l.) (stress + 0.07), (b) Ailao Shan (sub-tropical) moth assemblages across four elevational bands (2000m, 2200m, 2400m and 2600m a.s.l.) (stress = 0.06) and (c) L ...
... Figure 6.6 NMDS Ordination plot of (a) Mengla (tropical) moth assemblages across four elevational bands (800m, 1000m, 1200m and 1400m a.s.l.) (stress + 0.07), (b) Ailao Shan (sub-tropical) moth assemblages across four elevational bands (2000m, 2200m, 2400m and 2600m a.s.l.) (stress = 0.06) and (c) L ...
Insect herbivory in an experimental agroecosystem: the relative
... We found a significant interactive effect of clover habitat area and matrix composition on clover biomass at control locations (Table 1). In plots with 64 m2 of clover habitat, biomass was relatively constant across the combinations of fragmentation and matrix composition (Fig. 2). On the other hand ...
... We found a significant interactive effect of clover habitat area and matrix composition on clover biomass at control locations (Table 1). In plots with 64 m2 of clover habitat, biomass was relatively constant across the combinations of fragmentation and matrix composition (Fig. 2). On the other hand ...
LECCTURE I NATURE OF GEOGRAPHY
... Geography is related to other social sciences and we can study them better with a background of Geography. Geographical factors influence agriculture, industry, trade, commerce and other aspects of economic development. Knowledge of Geography is essential for business, trade, commerce, agriculture, ...
... Geography is related to other social sciences and we can study them better with a background of Geography. Geographical factors influence agriculture, industry, trade, commerce and other aspects of economic development. Knowledge of Geography is essential for business, trade, commerce, agriculture, ...
Abstract book of the 12th European Ecological Federation
... Congress is, in fact, the first EEF ‘Congress’: many will remember The 12th European Ecological Federation (EEF) ...
... Congress is, in fact, the first EEF ‘Congress’: many will remember The 12th European Ecological Federation (EEF) ...
Interactions between organisms and the abiotic environment
... Germinating rainforest tree seedlings in Cassowary dung Tully to Mission Beach Road, Queensland C Morritt ...
... Germinating rainforest tree seedlings in Cassowary dung Tully to Mission Beach Road, Queensland C Morritt ...
Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in recent sediments along the south
... known to form resting cysts (Head 1996) as part of their life cycle; these are known to be well preserved in sediments for several years (Dale 1983) and even for up to a century (Ribeiro et al. 2011). These cysts serve as potential seed banks that can be important to phytoplankton bloom dynamics and ...
... known to form resting cysts (Head 1996) as part of their life cycle; these are known to be well preserved in sediments for several years (Dale 1983) and even for up to a century (Ribeiro et al. 2011). These cysts serve as potential seed banks that can be important to phytoplankton bloom dynamics and ...
landscape connectivity: a return to the basics
... Heterogeneity and asymmetrical landscape connectivity In assessing the functional connectivity of a landscape, one needs to keep in mind that regions that facilitate movement need not be discrete features of the landscape such as habitat corridors, but may occur where the juxtaposition of particular ...
... Heterogeneity and asymmetrical landscape connectivity In assessing the functional connectivity of a landscape, one needs to keep in mind that regions that facilitate movement need not be discrete features of the landscape such as habitat corridors, but may occur where the juxtaposition of particular ...
curriculum vitae - Towson University
... Suding, K.N., S.L. Collins, L. Gough, C.M. Clark, E.E. Cleland, K.L. Gross, D.A. Milchunas, and S.C. Pennings. 2005. Functional and abundance based mechanisms explain diversity loss due to soil fertilization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 102: 4387-4392. Hobbie, S.E. and L. Gough. 2 ...
... Suding, K.N., S.L. Collins, L. Gough, C.M. Clark, E.E. Cleland, K.L. Gross, D.A. Milchunas, and S.C. Pennings. 2005. Functional and abundance based mechanisms explain diversity loss due to soil fertilization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 102: 4387-4392. Hobbie, S.E. and L. Gough. 2 ...
SUCCESSION AND STABILITY
... community - remains stable until disrupted by disturbance Molles: Ecology 3rd Ed. ...
... community - remains stable until disrupted by disturbance Molles: Ecology 3rd Ed. ...
Inertia: the discrepancy between individual and common good in
... The group selection debate of the 1960s made it clear that evolution does not necessarily increase population performance. Individuals can be selected to have traits that diminish a common good and make population persistence difficult. At the extreme, the discrepancy between levels of selection is ...
... The group selection debate of the 1960s made it clear that evolution does not necessarily increase population performance. Individuals can be selected to have traits that diminish a common good and make population persistence difficult. At the extreme, the discrepancy between levels of selection is ...
Dispersal: a central trait in life history
... conceptual issues related to the diverse manners and scales of biological organisation it is measured. Any preconceived view of dispersal as an integral part of Malthusian growth rates or as deterministic integrated into the pace of life concept will further constrain the development of new insights ...
... conceptual issues related to the diverse manners and scales of biological organisation it is measured. Any preconceived view of dispersal as an integral part of Malthusian growth rates or as deterministic integrated into the pace of life concept will further constrain the development of new insights ...
Dispersal: a central trait in life history
... conceptual issues related to the diverse manners and scales of biological organisation it is measured. Any preconceived view of dispersal as an integral part of Malthusian growth rates or as deterministic integrated into the pace of life concept will further constrain the development of new insights ...
... conceptual issues related to the diverse manners and scales of biological organisation it is measured. Any preconceived view of dispersal as an integral part of Malthusian growth rates or as deterministic integrated into the pace of life concept will further constrain the development of new insights ...
Latitude, seed predation and seed mass
... The relationship between latitude and seed predation Both the generality of the above mechanism, and the wide range of taxa displaying latitudinal gradients in predation or herbivory, suggest that levels of seed predation might be higher towards the tropics. However, the only paper we are aware of t ...
... The relationship between latitude and seed predation Both the generality of the above mechanism, and the wide range of taxa displaying latitudinal gradients in predation or herbivory, suggest that levels of seed predation might be higher towards the tropics. However, the only paper we are aware of t ...
Aspects of Ecology and Adaptation with an Emphasis on hominoid
... interrelated and interact upon each other. Any unit that includes all of the organisms (i.e., the "community") in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to a clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i.e., exchange of mat ...
... interrelated and interact upon each other. Any unit that includes all of the organisms (i.e., the "community") in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to a clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i.e., exchange of mat ...
A gentle depilation of the niche: Dicean
... Received May 22, 1980; March 9, 1981 ABSTRACT: Niche has been and continues to be a label applied to a variety of concepts. There are strong logical and historical grounds, however, for restricting it to mean the set of resources used. It may be so defined for an individual, a species, a multispecif ...
... Received May 22, 1980; March 9, 1981 ABSTRACT: Niche has been and continues to be a label applied to a variety of concepts. There are strong logical and historical grounds, however, for restricting it to mean the set of resources used. It may be so defined for an individual, a species, a multispecif ...
Syllabus
... BIO.4.1 Identify and describe the cell structures involved in transport of materials into, out of and throughout a cell o BIO.4.1.1 Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and or protective barrier for a cell o BIO.4.1.2 Compare the mechanism ...
... BIO.4.1 Identify and describe the cell structures involved in transport of materials into, out of and throughout a cell o BIO.4.1.1 Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and or protective barrier for a cell o BIO.4.1.2 Compare the mechanism ...
16-Mangrove
... - plant zonation - a successional sequence But do mangroves cause different patterns of sediment deposition or just respond to deposition? ...
... - plant zonation - a successional sequence But do mangroves cause different patterns of sediment deposition or just respond to deposition? ...
Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Yukon
... large, strong-flying insects with large eyes, strong mandibles, and spiny legs. The larvae are also predaceous, and are armed with an enormously enlarged, hinged labium which is used as an extendible, grasping organ for prey capture. The order is divided into three suborders, the Zygoptera (damselfl ...
... large, strong-flying insects with large eyes, strong mandibles, and spiny legs. The larvae are also predaceous, and are armed with an enormously enlarged, hinged labium which is used as an extendible, grasping organ for prey capture. The order is divided into three suborders, the Zygoptera (damselfl ...
The links between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well
... which we live. They can help ensure the flow of clean water and protect us from flooding or other hazards like soil erosion, land-slips and tsunamis. They can even contribute to our spiritual well-being, through their cultural or religious significance or the opportunities they provide for recreatio ...
... which we live. They can help ensure the flow of clean water and protect us from flooding or other hazards like soil erosion, land-slips and tsunamis. They can even contribute to our spiritual well-being, through their cultural or religious significance or the opportunities they provide for recreatio ...
Jaguarundi CH Petition Backup
... threats it faces. FWS should therefore designate critical habitat for the Jaguarundi. Legal Basis for Petition WildEarth Guardians submits this petition under the ESA’s provision to petition for the revision of a critical habitat designation (16 U.S.C. § 1533). The ESA requires a finding by the Secr ...
... threats it faces. FWS should therefore designate critical habitat for the Jaguarundi. Legal Basis for Petition WildEarth Guardians submits this petition under the ESA’s provision to petition for the revision of a critical habitat designation (16 U.S.C. § 1533). The ESA requires a finding by the Secr ...
aquatic and terrestrial habitat selection by - ETH E
... We conclude that the terrestrial area requirements of amphibians depend on the productivity and spatiotemporal complexity of landscapes and that differential space use may facilitate their co-existence. The particular contribution of this study was our emphasis on behavior-based scale definitions. B ...
... We conclude that the terrestrial area requirements of amphibians depend on the productivity and spatiotemporal complexity of landscapes and that differential space use may facilitate their co-existence. The particular contribution of this study was our emphasis on behavior-based scale definitions. B ...
Passerine Relationships with Habitat Heterogeneity and Grazing at Multiple Scales
... Limited information exists on the relationships among grazing, scale, and patterns of heterogeneity in grassland communities and few studies have explored how grazing and habitat heterogeneity together influence grassland bird communities. I used mixed models to analyze the influence of cattle grazi ...
... Limited information exists on the relationships among grazing, scale, and patterns of heterogeneity in grassland communities and few studies have explored how grazing and habitat heterogeneity together influence grassland bird communities. I used mixed models to analyze the influence of cattle grazi ...
THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF Undaria pinnatifida
... potentially affected include chitons, limpets, snails, and small molluscan grazers in cobbled areas (Creese 1988)”, Creese (1988) does not say these invertebrates are potentially affected, Houghton et al. (1997) suggest this. Houghton et al. (1997) also state, without reference, that paua settle in ...
... potentially affected include chitons, limpets, snails, and small molluscan grazers in cobbled areas (Creese 1988)”, Creese (1988) does not say these invertebrates are potentially affected, Houghton et al. (1997) suggest this. Houghton et al. (1997) also state, without reference, that paua settle in ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.