Nelson2Spr2013
... • Community structure has been found to affect productivity, implicating assembly to agriculture through food yields and to climate change through net carbon sequestration.11,23 • There is a great deal of evidence supporting neutral assembly theory which suggests that communities are shaped stochast ...
... • Community structure has been found to affect productivity, implicating assembly to agriculture through food yields and to climate change through net carbon sequestration.11,23 • There is a great deal of evidence supporting neutral assembly theory which suggests that communities are shaped stochast ...
Ecological approaches to human nutrition
... species in ecological communities. For instance, several large-scale grassland studies in the United States and Europe have demonstrated that as the number of species in a grassland area increases, so does the net primary productivity. In addition, increasing species richness has increased the stabi ...
... species in ecological communities. For instance, several large-scale grassland studies in the United States and Europe have demonstrated that as the number of species in a grassland area increases, so does the net primary productivity. In addition, increasing species richness has increased the stabi ...
The information in this document covers the IB syllabus for topic 5
... suitable temperature & high availability of producers Water: vital to all living things low animal distribution in deserts Breeding Sites: for growth and protection of young high diversity in areas of varied topography Food Supply: animals are heterotrophs another reason for high anima ...
... suitable temperature & high availability of producers Water: vital to all living things low animal distribution in deserts Breeding Sites: for growth and protection of young high diversity in areas of varied topography Food Supply: animals are heterotrophs another reason for high anima ...
Niche and fitness differences relate the maintenance of
... the goal of linking the maintenance of diversity and its functional consequences. CCN use MacArthur’s ...
... the goal of linking the maintenance of diversity and its functional consequences. CCN use MacArthur’s ...
Biodiversity Loss Threatens Human Well-Being
... Modified from [3,4]. that ecosystem service assessment could be biased toward services that are easily quantifiable, but not necessarily the most critical ones [29]. Human well-being is a human experience that includes the basic materials for a good life, freedom of choice and action, health, good soc ...
... Modified from [3,4]. that ecosystem service assessment could be biased toward services that are easily quantifiable, but not necessarily the most critical ones [29]. Human well-being is a human experience that includes the basic materials for a good life, freedom of choice and action, health, good soc ...
Visual Vocabulary: Ecocentric World view
... A particular location on earth distinguished by its mix of interacting biotic and abiotic factors ...
... A particular location on earth distinguished by its mix of interacting biotic and abiotic factors ...
Boosting biodiversity in Colombia`s cattle and
... with Juan Valdez1 Colombia is well known for its mild coffee brand and after Brazil and Vietnam is the third largest coffee exporter in the world. Coffee cultivation and export are under the management of the National Coffee Growers Federation (FNC) which is the country’s most important private ente ...
... with Juan Valdez1 Colombia is well known for its mild coffee brand and after Brazil and Vietnam is the third largest coffee exporter in the world. Coffee cultivation and export are under the management of the National Coffee Growers Federation (FNC) which is the country’s most important private ente ...
The Functions of Biological Diversity in an Age of Extinction REVIEW
... • Interaction diversity: characteristics of the network of linkages defined by biotic interactions, such as competition, predation, parasitism, or facilitation, with other species (food web and trophic networks are subsets of biotic networks) • Landscape diversity: number, relative abundance, and di ...
... • Interaction diversity: characteristics of the network of linkages defined by biotic interactions, such as competition, predation, parasitism, or facilitation, with other species (food web and trophic networks are subsets of biotic networks) • Landscape diversity: number, relative abundance, and di ...
Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity
... be well described in a zoogeographic s e n s e , they also are poorly understood phenomena of major ecological interest. Their importance l i e s in the derived implication that biological processes may be fundamentally different in the tropics, typically the pinnacle of most gradients, than in temp ...
... be well described in a zoogeographic s e n s e , they also are poorly understood phenomena of major ecological interest. Their importance l i e s in the derived implication that biological processes may be fundamentally different in the tropics, typically the pinnacle of most gradients, than in temp ...
Insect natural history, multi-species interactions
... leaf tissue processed during spring and summer. This could create a situation for an increase in population density of non-lepidopteran herbivores. Fewer caterpillars would be available as food (providers) for carnivores that prefer caterpillars (including birds, rodents, other insects and spiders). ...
... leaf tissue processed during spring and summer. This could create a situation for an increase in population density of non-lepidopteran herbivores. Fewer caterpillars would be available as food (providers) for carnivores that prefer caterpillars (including birds, rodents, other insects and spiders). ...
Conserving Biological Diversity in Agricultural/Forestry Systems
... support human existence, contribute several billion dollars annually to the world economy. Agriculture and forestry also probably depend on most of the estimated 10 million natural (noncrop and livestock) species for production and sustainability (Pimentel et al. 1980). The continued viability of ag ...
... support human existence, contribute several billion dollars annually to the world economy. Agriculture and forestry also probably depend on most of the estimated 10 million natural (noncrop and livestock) species for production and sustainability (Pimentel et al. 1980). The continued viability of ag ...
Plight of the Pollinators: Factors of Pollinator Decline
... • Biodiversity comprises all the millions of different species that live on our planet, as well as the genetic differences within species. It also refers to the multitude of different ecosystems in which species form unique communities, interacting with one another and the air, water and soil. • gen ...
... • Biodiversity comprises all the millions of different species that live on our planet, as well as the genetic differences within species. It also refers to the multitude of different ecosystems in which species form unique communities, interacting with one another and the air, water and soil. • gen ...
Discoveries of new mammal species and their implications for
... ‘‘charismatic’’ group. Many assume that nearly all mammal species are known to scientists. We demonstrate that this assumption is incorrect. Since 1993, 408 new mammalian species have been described, ⬇10% of the previously known fauna. Some 60% of these are ‘‘cryptic’’ species, but 40% are large and ...
... ‘‘charismatic’’ group. Many assume that nearly all mammal species are known to scientists. We demonstrate that this assumption is incorrect. Since 1993, 408 new mammalian species have been described, ⬇10% of the previously known fauna. Some 60% of these are ‘‘cryptic’’ species, but 40% are large and ...
APESD - Syllabi
... and grow to be stewards of the environment. The study of environmental science, in relation to the earth, is a combination of the physical, chemical, earth, and biological sciences. A variety of topics covered include: ecosystems, biodiversity, population, resources, energy, pollution, urban plannin ...
... and grow to be stewards of the environment. The study of environmental science, in relation to the earth, is a combination of the physical, chemical, earth, and biological sciences. A variety of topics covered include: ecosystems, biodiversity, population, resources, energy, pollution, urban plannin ...
Bio2Unit4-7.14.15 - Grainger County Schools
... developed in response to changes in the environment. How does natural selection explain how organisms have changed over time? ...
... developed in response to changes in the environment. How does natural selection explain how organisms have changed over time? ...
ecosystem status and trends 2010
... Observed changes in marine biodiversity over the past 50 years have been driven by a combination of physical factors and human activities, such as oceanographic and climate variability, and overexploitation. While certain marine mammals have recovered from past overharvesting, many commercial fisher ...
... Observed changes in marine biodiversity over the past 50 years have been driven by a combination of physical factors and human activities, such as oceanographic and climate variability, and overexploitation. While certain marine mammals have recovered from past overharvesting, many commercial fisher ...
Ecology Unit Organization
... biotic and abiotic factors. Examples: o Competition for resources and other factors limits growth and can be described by the logistic model. o Competition for resources, territoriality, health, predation, accumulation of wastes and other factors contribute to density- dependent population regula ...
... biotic and abiotic factors. Examples: o Competition for resources and other factors limits growth and can be described by the logistic model. o Competition for resources, territoriality, health, predation, accumulation of wastes and other factors contribute to density- dependent population regula ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: A mechanistic model
... rate, q, both contribute to an increase in maximum species richness, because they contribute to increasing the amount of resources available to the community and the control of external (versus internal, competitive) processes on the dynamics of the shared nutrient pool, respectively. In contrast, t ...
... rate, q, both contribute to an increase in maximum species richness, because they contribute to increasing the amount of resources available to the community and the control of external (versus internal, competitive) processes on the dynamics of the shared nutrient pool, respectively. In contrast, t ...
Genetic Diversity
... native predators to threaten them, moas evolved to be the biggest land predators on their island home. ...
... native predators to threaten them, moas evolved to be the biggest land predators on their island home. ...
Organic Farming and Butterflies - North American Butterfly Association
... In other European countries the situation looks better, but still the overall trend is negative. In my research at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences I have focused on how to counteract the decline of butterflies, but before I go into details I will provide you with some background info ...
... In other European countries the situation looks better, but still the overall trend is negative. In my research at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences I have focused on how to counteract the decline of butterflies, but before I go into details I will provide you with some background info ...
IMCC Yr12 Integrated Science Course Outline
... Behavioural, functional and structural adaptations of invasive species (case study: cane toad) ...
... Behavioural, functional and structural adaptations of invasive species (case study: cane toad) ...
Intertidal Station Support Sheets
... • Terminology: Individuals of one species make up a population. Populations of species make up a community. ! ...
... • Terminology: Individuals of one species make up a population. Populations of species make up a community. ! ...
Ecological dynamics and agricultural landscapes.
... One of the most important ways agriculture can contribute to conservation is through its legacy of research. Much of what we know about the management of plants and animals and their communities is a result of agricultural research. Just as basic science promises to revolutionize agriculture in the ...
... One of the most important ways agriculture can contribute to conservation is through its legacy of research. Much of what we know about the management of plants and animals and their communities is a result of agricultural research. Just as basic science promises to revolutionize agriculture in the ...
AP Biology Study Guide
... 15. Compare the movement of energy and chemicals through ecosystems. 16. Compare the primary production of tropical rain forests, coral reefs, and open ocean. Explain why the differences between them exist. 17. Describe the movement of energy through a food chain. Explain why there are more producer ...
... 15. Compare the movement of energy and chemicals through ecosystems. 16. Compare the primary production of tropical rain forests, coral reefs, and open ocean. Explain why the differences between them exist. 17. Describe the movement of energy through a food chain. Explain why there are more producer ...
Ecology
... A flora of Hawaiian plants (1990) listed many extinct species. Thirty-five have since been found, though only a few individuals. These extremely small populations cannot serve the same ecological functions as more substantial populations. ...
... A flora of Hawaiian plants (1990) listed many extinct species. Thirty-five have since been found, though only a few individuals. These extremely small populations cannot serve the same ecological functions as more substantial populations. ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.