Ecology - Leavell Science Home
... • Most sampling techniques involve making some assumptions about the population being studied. If these assumptions are not valid, then the estimate will not be accurate. • For example, the quadrat method assumes that organisms are distributed fairly evenly throughout the study area. • The mark-reca ...
... • Most sampling techniques involve making some assumptions about the population being studied. If these assumptions are not valid, then the estimate will not be accurate. • For example, the quadrat method assumes that organisms are distributed fairly evenly throughout the study area. • The mark-reca ...
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: the emergence of a synthetic ecological framework CHAPTER 1
... providing some support for several current hypotheses. To the extent that loss of plant biodiversity in the real world means a reduction in the ability of ecosystems to ®x CO2, we also tentatively conclude that the loss of diversity may reduce the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to absorb anthropo ...
... providing some support for several current hypotheses. To the extent that loss of plant biodiversity in the real world means a reduction in the ability of ecosystems to ®x CO2, we also tentatively conclude that the loss of diversity may reduce the ability of terrestrial ecosystems to absorb anthropo ...
File - Ms. Hamadeh`s AP Environmental Science Coral
... • Fossil record: entire body of fossil evidence – Uneven and incomplete ...
... • Fossil record: entire body of fossil evidence – Uneven and incomplete ...
PowerPoint slides
... • Shares features with vacant niche hypothesis BUT does not require a vacant niche • Uses niche concepts that: (1) Different species have different niches (2) As ↑ number species, ↑ filling of niche space ...
... • Shares features with vacant niche hypothesis BUT does not require a vacant niche • Uses niche concepts that: (1) Different species have different niches (2) As ↑ number species, ↑ filling of niche space ...
The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and
... To illustrate the predicted effect of network architecture on biodiversity, we incorporate the structure of each one of 56 real mutualistic networks (Supplementary Table 1) into our analytical expression (equation (5)). In Fig. 2a, we plot the increase in biodiversity in relation to the baseline lim ...
... To illustrate the predicted effect of network architecture on biodiversity, we incorporate the structure of each one of 56 real mutualistic networks (Supplementary Table 1) into our analytical expression (equation (5)). In Fig. 2a, we plot the increase in biodiversity in relation to the baseline lim ...
Species
... habitats, but not in others • Habitat selection = the process by which organisms actively select habitats in which to live – Availability and quality of habitat are crucial to an organism’s well-being – Human developments conflict with this process ...
... habitats, but not in others • Habitat selection = the process by which organisms actively select habitats in which to live – Availability and quality of habitat are crucial to an organism’s well-being – Human developments conflict with this process ...
Conservation of European farmland birds
... C. Stoate, M. Araújo and R. Borralho Stoate, C., M. Araújo and R.Borralho. 2003. Conservation of european farmland birds: abundance and species diversity. – Ornis Hung. 12-13: 33-40. Across much of Europe, farmland birds have declined more than those in other habitats; many of the most threatened bi ...
... C. Stoate, M. Araújo and R. Borralho Stoate, C., M. Araújo and R.Borralho. 2003. Conservation of european farmland birds: abundance and species diversity. – Ornis Hung. 12-13: 33-40. Across much of Europe, farmland birds have declined more than those in other habitats; many of the most threatened bi ...
Biodiversity battleships WORD 840 KB
... small species cards, so they must think about how to make each animal/plant recognisable from similar ones. They could make a key in which each picture has its name next to it. If you are short of time, just use the names rather than pictures, but it would still be useful to find out about the speci ...
... small species cards, so they must think about how to make each animal/plant recognisable from similar ones. They could make a key in which each picture has its name next to it. If you are short of time, just use the names rather than pictures, but it would still be useful to find out about the speci ...
Genetic Diversity
... Species must be able to evolve to cope with these new conditions or face extinction!! To evolve, species require genetic diversity. ...
... Species must be able to evolve to cope with these new conditions or face extinction!! To evolve, species require genetic diversity. ...
Prehistoric Life Guided Tour PreVisit Evolutionary Adaptations
... Trilobites may have curled up to avoid predation just as pill bugs do today ...
... Trilobites may have curled up to avoid predation just as pill bugs do today ...
Plant species richness increases the spatial stability of litter mass in
... insurance in environments under cyclic disturbances. I suggest that LMA is regulated by the relationship between colonization and performance of few plant species aboveground, which also explains the species distribution in the landscape. Pantanal is one of the most interesting and diverse biomes in ...
... insurance in environments under cyclic disturbances. I suggest that LMA is regulated by the relationship between colonization and performance of few plant species aboveground, which also explains the species distribution in the landscape. Pantanal is one of the most interesting and diverse biomes in ...
Key Point 1—Knowledge of Wild Birds, Mammals
... Understand the difference between an ecosystem, community and population. Be able to explain how communities interact with their non-living surroundings to form ecosystems. ...
... Understand the difference between an ecosystem, community and population. Be able to explain how communities interact with their non-living surroundings to form ecosystems. ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... Although every organism contributes to ecosystem processes, the nature and magnitude of individual contributions vary considerably. Research in biodiversity places much emphasis on the uniqueness of individual species and their singular contributions to ecosystem services. Yet most ecosystem process ...
... Although every organism contributes to ecosystem processes, the nature and magnitude of individual contributions vary considerably. Research in biodiversity places much emphasis on the uniqueness of individual species and their singular contributions to ecosystem services. Yet most ecosystem process ...
The influence of biodiversity on invasibility of terrestrial plant
... was not present in the community. Although this result could be confused with the sampling effect, it seems that the important point is the presence of a functional group and not the specific species, and hence a function of species diversity and not species composition. ...
... was not present in the community. Although this result could be confused with the sampling effect, it seems that the important point is the presence of a functional group and not the specific species, and hence a function of species diversity and not species composition. ...
See Powerpoint Presentation!
... reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, 1971 ...
... reservoirs, gravel pits, sewage farms and canals) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, 1971 ...
printer-friendly version
... Earth’s ecosystems are diverse and range in terms of their complexity. Although ecosystems are never static, some changes cause more effects than others. When a change occurs in an environment, there is usually a ripple effect. According to the EPA, “An ecosystem is an interdependent, functioning sy ...
... Earth’s ecosystems are diverse and range in terms of their complexity. Although ecosystems are never static, some changes cause more effects than others. When a change occurs in an environment, there is usually a ripple effect. According to the EPA, “An ecosystem is an interdependent, functioning sy ...
Western Himalayan Cold Deserts: Biodiversity, Eco
... diversity, land degradation and ecological concerns in the cold deserts, which is a unique eco-system of Western Himalayas. Undoubtedly, addressing desertification, including land, soil, water and plant degradation, can certainly facilitate or ease the ecological concerns, but may not completely sol ...
... diversity, land degradation and ecological concerns in the cold deserts, which is a unique eco-system of Western Himalayas. Undoubtedly, addressing desertification, including land, soil, water and plant degradation, can certainly facilitate or ease the ecological concerns, but may not completely sol ...
This article discusses the various hypotheses proposed to explain
... Joseph H. Connell’s classic paper Diversity in Tropical Rain Forests and Coral Reefs has made a major impact on our understanding of diversity in local ecosystems and has directed research in the field of Ecology since its publication in 1978. This article discusses the various hypotheses proposed t ...
... Joseph H. Connell’s classic paper Diversity in Tropical Rain Forests and Coral Reefs has made a major impact on our understanding of diversity in local ecosystems and has directed research in the field of Ecology since its publication in 1978. This article discusses the various hypotheses proposed t ...
Biodiversity Effects on Soil Processes Explained by Interspecific
... effects of single species. The nature (inhibitory, neutral, or facilitative) of these interactions might be related to the degree in which species differ in their impact on soil processes. We hypothesized that species mixtures that contain species with different effects on ecosystem processes (speci ...
... effects of single species. The nature (inhibitory, neutral, or facilitative) of these interactions might be related to the degree in which species differ in their impact on soil processes. We hypothesized that species mixtures that contain species with different effects on ecosystem processes (speci ...
Realistic population and molecular genetic tools for genetic
... 1. Definitions • Genetic erosion – a permanent reduction in richness or evenness of common localized alleles – or the loss of combinations of alleles over time in a defined area ( after Guarino) ...
... 1. Definitions • Genetic erosion – a permanent reduction in richness or evenness of common localized alleles – or the loss of combinations of alleles over time in a defined area ( after Guarino) ...
The Role of Biodiversity for the Functioning of Rocky Reef
... that algal species that are not highly productive are competitively superior, as would be expected if species experience trade-offs among different traits such as growth, reproduction and defence. The experiments used by Bruno et al. (2005, 2006) were run for relatively short periods of time (2.5–5w ...
... that algal species that are not highly productive are competitively superior, as would be expected if species experience trade-offs among different traits such as growth, reproduction and defence. The experiments used by Bruno et al. (2005, 2006) were run for relatively short periods of time (2.5–5w ...
Terrestrial Conservation Reserve System (Policy 31)
... One of the key functions of the Department of Parks and Wildlife is to establish and manage a comprehensive, adequate and representative conservation reserve system. The south-west of WA is recognised as a global biodiversity hotspot, one of only 35 in the world. Eight of the 15 nationally recognise ...
... One of the key functions of the Department of Parks and Wildlife is to establish and manage a comprehensive, adequate and representative conservation reserve system. The south-west of WA is recognised as a global biodiversity hotspot, one of only 35 in the world. Eight of the 15 nationally recognise ...
Ecological approaches to human nutrition
... species in ecological communities. For instance, several large-scale grassland studies in the United States and Europe have demonstrated that as the number of species in a grassland area increases, so does the net primary productivity. In addition, increasing species richness has increased the stabi ...
... species in ecological communities. For instance, several large-scale grassland studies in the United States and Europe have demonstrated that as the number of species in a grassland area increases, so does the net primary productivity. In addition, increasing species richness has increased the stabi ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.