Pre-AP Biology Ecology Exam Study Guide
... When aspen are browsed (nibbled by herbivores) their growth is stunted, and thus their overall height is reduced. This data shows that aspen in riparian areas (along streams) are larger than those in the uplands, suggesting that there is less browsing along streams. The reason for this could be tha ...
... When aspen are browsed (nibbled by herbivores) their growth is stunted, and thus their overall height is reduced. This data shows that aspen in riparian areas (along streams) are larger than those in the uplands, suggesting that there is less browsing along streams. The reason for this could be tha ...
The Living World Notes
... Biodiversity; natural selection; evolution; ecosystem services D. Natural Ecosystem Change Climate shifts; species movement; ecological succession E. Natural Biogeochemical Cycles Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, water, conservation of matter ...
... Biodiversity; natural selection; evolution; ecosystem services D. Natural Ecosystem Change Climate shifts; species movement; ecological succession E. Natural Biogeochemical Cycles Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, water, conservation of matter ...
Guia dos Sphingidae da Serra dos Órgãos, sudeste do
... attracted to light sources. While the former are more useful for identification and comparison, they suffer from the fact that quite a number of specimens show faded colors. In contrast, coloration of the living specimens is more intense, and therefore it is really helpful to have them both availabl ...
... attracted to light sources. While the former are more useful for identification and comparison, they suffer from the fact that quite a number of specimens show faded colors. In contrast, coloration of the living specimens is more intense, and therefore it is really helpful to have them both availabl ...
AP Bio Summer Assignment Letter
... ○ Energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems. ○ Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient. ○ Biological and geochemical processes cycle nutrients and water in ecosystems. ○ Restoration ecologists return degraded ecosystems to a more natura ...
... ○ Energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems. ○ Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient. ○ Biological and geochemical processes cycle nutrients and water in ecosystems. ○ Restoration ecologists return degraded ecosystems to a more natura ...
Chapter 4 Summary
... Gross primary productivity is the rate at which producers use photosynthesis to make more biomass. It varies across the earth. The planet's net primary productivity (NPP) ultimately limits the number of consumer organisms (including humans) that can survive on the earth. Humans now use, waste, or de ...
... Gross primary productivity is the rate at which producers use photosynthesis to make more biomass. It varies across the earth. The planet's net primary productivity (NPP) ultimately limits the number of consumer organisms (including humans) that can survive on the earth. Humans now use, waste, or de ...
Great Lakes Invasive Species Fact Sheet
... greatest source of exotic-invasive species in the Lakes is ship ballast water. Cargo ships that carry millions of tons of goods to and from Great Lakes ports every year rely on “ballast water” to help stabilize their ships on the seas. When these ships pick up new cargo, they can dump tens of thousa ...
... greatest source of exotic-invasive species in the Lakes is ship ballast water. Cargo ships that carry millions of tons of goods to and from Great Lakes ports every year rely on “ballast water” to help stabilize their ships on the seas. When these ships pick up new cargo, they can dump tens of thousa ...
community structure and ecological succession
... ! Wet tropical forests are pretty resistant to fire, flood; but they take a long time to recover from forestry Resilience—recovery from disturbance ! dry tropical forests do not resist fire, but they recover quickly Different communities show different degrees of resistance and resilience Next hour: ...
... ! Wet tropical forests are pretty resistant to fire, flood; but they take a long time to recover from forestry Resilience—recovery from disturbance ! dry tropical forests do not resist fire, but they recover quickly Different communities show different degrees of resistance and resilience Next hour: ...
1 - cloudfront.net
... Essential Questions: How does matter and energy flow through ecosystems? Objectives ...
... Essential Questions: How does matter and energy flow through ecosystems? Objectives ...
Impacts on Biodiversity
... How many parts per million does the guppy have? How many parts per million does the salmon ...
... How many parts per million does the guppy have? How many parts per million does the salmon ...
Practice Exam IV
... form of organic compounds, and lost to detritivores in the form of heat c. chemicals are recycled between the biotic and abiotic sectors, whereas energy makes a one-way trip through the food web and is eventually dissipated as heat d. there is a continuous process by which energy is lost as heat, an ...
... form of organic compounds, and lost to detritivores in the form of heat c. chemicals are recycled between the biotic and abiotic sectors, whereas energy makes a one-way trip through the food web and is eventually dissipated as heat d. there is a continuous process by which energy is lost as heat, an ...
dividends_from_diversity_lesson-new
... are different in different parts of the world, and in different habitats (e.g., grassland vs. forest). For example, several “biodiversity hotspots” have been identified throughout the world, such as many areas near the equator. This is known is the “latitudinal diversity gradient,” where areas of lo ...
... are different in different parts of the world, and in different habitats (e.g., grassland vs. forest). For example, several “biodiversity hotspots” have been identified throughout the world, such as many areas near the equator. This is known is the “latitudinal diversity gradient,” where areas of lo ...
Biodiversity Indexes
... Species diversity is a way to measure and evaluate community structure. It can be used to compare a community at different times during its development, or it can be used to compare two different communities at the same time. A community is said to have a high diversity if many equally or nearly equ ...
... Species diversity is a way to measure and evaluate community structure. It can be used to compare a community at different times during its development, or it can be used to compare two different communities at the same time. A community is said to have a high diversity if many equally or nearly equ ...
Insect diversity - e
... • High evenness imply high diversity • Rarely are all species equally abundant – Some are better competitors, more fecund, more abundant in general than others ...
... • High evenness imply high diversity • Rarely are all species equally abundant – Some are better competitors, more fecund, more abundant in general than others ...
BIO 1C Study Guide 3: short distance flow, xylem and phloem flow
... What type of system energetics would predict long food chain length (high energy input)? Food chains are energy limited – 4‐7 links is about max. What kind of food chain is most unstable (long)? Why? What is a sere? What are the general characteristics of organisms that form early successional s ...
... What type of system energetics would predict long food chain length (high energy input)? Food chains are energy limited – 4‐7 links is about max. What kind of food chain is most unstable (long)? Why? What is a sere? What are the general characteristics of organisms that form early successional s ...
Species Abundance and Diversity Chapter 16
... inhabiting some defined area. Community Structure includes # of species, relative species abundance, and species diversity. Guild: Group of organisms that all make their living in the same fashion (can be closely related or not!). Seed eating animals in the desert. Life Form (growth form): Combi ...
... inhabiting some defined area. Community Structure includes # of species, relative species abundance, and species diversity. Guild: Group of organisms that all make their living in the same fashion (can be closely related or not!). Seed eating animals in the desert. Life Form (growth form): Combi ...
File
... A measure of species richness in a community and the evenness of the abundance of the different species The more species AND the more evenly the number of organisms are distributed among different species = increased species diversity Ecosystems with high species diversity = more stability than ecos ...
... A measure of species richness in a community and the evenness of the abundance of the different species The more species AND the more evenly the number of organisms are distributed among different species = increased species diversity Ecosystems with high species diversity = more stability than ecos ...
Revision
... Introduced species are another major problem that came with European settlement. Grasses and other weeds have escaped from farms to establish themselves in bushland. b) Briefly explain two different ways these non-native plants can harm natural ecosystems. Out-compete native species, leading to loss ...
... Introduced species are another major problem that came with European settlement. Grasses and other weeds have escaped from farms to establish themselves in bushland. b) Briefly explain two different ways these non-native plants can harm natural ecosystems. Out-compete native species, leading to loss ...
Why are we still so unsure of the number of species on Earth?
... • Extirpation = disappearance of a particular population, but not the entire species globally • These are natural processes. On average one species goes extinct naturally every 500– 1,000 years—this is the background rate of extinction. • 99% of all species that ever lived are now extinct. ...
... • Extirpation = disappearance of a particular population, but not the entire species globally • These are natural processes. On average one species goes extinct naturally every 500– 1,000 years—this is the background rate of extinction. • 99% of all species that ever lived are now extinct. ...
Ch 13 Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity
... have been destroyed. During the past 100 years, sea levels have risen 10-25 centimeters. We have destroyed more than 1/3 of the world’s mangrove forests for shipping lanes. ...
... have been destroyed. During the past 100 years, sea levels have risen 10-25 centimeters. We have destroyed more than 1/3 of the world’s mangrove forests for shipping lanes. ...
Metapopulation → Metacommunity Metacommunity model example
... Levins metapopulation model, colonization and extinction equilibrium (effects of number of patches, c and m on population persistence). Extinction debt SLOSS, corridor function and efficacy, facilitated dispersal Metapopulation models (importance of spatial heterogeneity and variability in dispersal ...
... Levins metapopulation model, colonization and extinction equilibrium (effects of number of patches, c and m on population persistence). Extinction debt SLOSS, corridor function and efficacy, facilitated dispersal Metapopulation models (importance of spatial heterogeneity and variability in dispersal ...
Unit 2: Multi-cellular organisms
... When competition for the same resource(s) occurs between individuals of different species in an ecosystem, it is called INTERSPECIFIC competition and when it occurs between individuals of the same species it is called INTRASPECIFIC competition. ...
... When competition for the same resource(s) occurs between individuals of different species in an ecosystem, it is called INTERSPECIFIC competition and when it occurs between individuals of the same species it is called INTRASPECIFIC competition. ...
Habitat loss - College of Forestry, University of Guangxi
... • As we move to talking about conservation biology and global ecology, we will talk more about how humans have altered ...
... • As we move to talking about conservation biology and global ecology, we will talk more about how humans have altered ...
MANAGING PLANT GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR OPTIMAL
... As human needs are modulated by cultural, social and economic factors, so is the biodiversity in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. There is ample evidence that the conversion of natural ecosystems to human-managed agroecosystems has destroyed or degraded natural habitats of plants and animal ...
... As human needs are modulated by cultural, social and economic factors, so is the biodiversity in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. There is ample evidence that the conversion of natural ecosystems to human-managed agroecosystems has destroyed or degraded natural habitats of plants and animal ...
BI101 Winter 2016 Morré STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL EXAM FINAL
... How do agricultural practices affect sustainability? Name three sustainable agricultural practices that can help reduce damage to nearby aquatic systems and air quality. What can individuals do to conserve energy, materials, support sustainable practices? Briefly discuss what has happened to native ...
... How do agricultural practices affect sustainability? Name three sustainable agricultural practices that can help reduce damage to nearby aquatic systems and air quality. What can individuals do to conserve energy, materials, support sustainable practices? Briefly discuss what has happened to native ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.