The Strange Case of the Missing Myelin
... A PROTEAN DISEASE Protean vii means variable, having many forms, and it is a key descriptor for multiple sclerosis. Indeed, the diversity in its mode of presentation and its evolution are characteristic. Depending on which zones are demyelinated, sensitive or motor symptoms will appear, with alterat ...
... A PROTEAN DISEASE Protean vii means variable, having many forms, and it is a key descriptor for multiple sclerosis. Indeed, the diversity in its mode of presentation and its evolution are characteristic. Depending on which zones are demyelinated, sensitive or motor symptoms will appear, with alterat ...
Selective stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson`s
... Unfortunately, STN DBS has not only positive effects on the motor symptoms, but also affects mood and cognition in a substantial number of patients (Berney, et al., 2002, Piasecki and Jefferson, 2004, Saint-Cyr, et al., 2000, Smeding, et al., 2006, Temel, et al., 2006, Witt, et al., 2008). These unw ...
... Unfortunately, STN DBS has not only positive effects on the motor symptoms, but also affects mood and cognition in a substantial number of patients (Berney, et al., 2002, Piasecki and Jefferson, 2004, Saint-Cyr, et al., 2000, Smeding, et al., 2006, Temel, et al., 2006, Witt, et al., 2008). These unw ...
Early Thiamine Deficiency
... ataxias, nystagmis, and ocular palsies. Other brain stem symptoms may include stupor and coma. Many Wernicke’s patients may lapse into the more chronic disorder, Korsakoff’s psychosis. In later stages, symptoms may be associated with structural alterations in specific brain sites. Classic studies by ...
... ataxias, nystagmis, and ocular palsies. Other brain stem symptoms may include stupor and coma. Many Wernicke’s patients may lapse into the more chronic disorder, Korsakoff’s psychosis. In later stages, symptoms may be associated with structural alterations in specific brain sites. Classic studies by ...
Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior
... following text) was delivered on 80 –90% of all trials between 500 and 1,000 ms after the onset of fixation. Stimulation was delivered either while the FP remained visible (fixation trials; 40 – 45% of all trials) or 200 ms after the FP was extinguished (fixation-blink trials, 40 – 45% of all trials ...
... following text) was delivered on 80 –90% of all trials between 500 and 1,000 ms after the onset of fixation. Stimulation was delivered either while the FP remained visible (fixation trials; 40 – 45% of all trials) or 200 ms after the FP was extinguished (fixation-blink trials, 40 – 45% of all trials ...
sleep disturbances associated with neuropsychiatric disease
... integrated corticothalamic circuits and modulatory structures. Changes in delta sleep found in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, therefore, may result from functional changes at one or more levels including the cortex, thalamus, and modulatory structures. ...
... integrated corticothalamic circuits and modulatory structures. Changes in delta sleep found in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, therefore, may result from functional changes at one or more levels including the cortex, thalamus, and modulatory structures. ...
Extracellular Glutamate, Glutamine, and GABA in the Hippocampus
... Medication-Resistant Epilepsy: Drug-resistant epilepsy is a significant public health concern. It is associated with a mortality rate five times greater than the general population (4) and with psychiatric comorbidities, social disability, and a reduced quality of life (5). The type of epilepsy pred ...
... Medication-Resistant Epilepsy: Drug-resistant epilepsy is a significant public health concern. It is associated with a mortality rate five times greater than the general population (4) and with psychiatric comorbidities, social disability, and a reduced quality of life (5). The type of epilepsy pred ...
Congenital Atresia of the External Ear and Tinnitus: A New Syndrome
... Abstract: Congenital atresia of the external ears and severe tinnitus has been reported by two patients to be contralateral to the atretic ear. The use of the nuclear medicine imaging technique of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of brain has demonstrated hypoperfusion in brain are ...
... Abstract: Congenital atresia of the external ears and severe tinnitus has been reported by two patients to be contralateral to the atretic ear. The use of the nuclear medicine imaging technique of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of brain has demonstrated hypoperfusion in brain are ...
GABA-Based Evaluation of Neurologic Conditions: MR Spectroscopy
... measure metabolites. These ROIs may include differing types of brain matter inadvertently through partial volume effects; gray matter contains a much greater concentration of GABA than white matter.8 Moreover, regardless of the size of the ROI, MR spectroscopy cannot indicate whether the concentrati ...
... measure metabolites. These ROIs may include differing types of brain matter inadvertently through partial volume effects; gray matter contains a much greater concentration of GABA than white matter.8 Moreover, regardless of the size of the ROI, MR spectroscopy cannot indicate whether the concentrati ...
Anosmia and parosmia
... the main focus of clinical history and examination. The majority (75% of patients) will complain of both loss of smell and diminished flavour of food. This is due to the loss of both orthonasal and retronasal mechanisms of odorant delivery to the olfactory apparatus. It is less common to have orthon ...
... the main focus of clinical history and examination. The majority (75% of patients) will complain of both loss of smell and diminished flavour of food. This is due to the loss of both orthonasal and retronasal mechanisms of odorant delivery to the olfactory apparatus. It is less common to have orthon ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... The intensity and characteristics of every subgroup differ from each other. While they can be classified into two subgroups-having one- or double-sided characteristics-there are also tinnitus forms arousing a feeling of coming exactly from the middle of the head. Some researchers classified them as ...
... The intensity and characteristics of every subgroup differ from each other. While they can be classified into two subgroups-having one- or double-sided characteristics-there are also tinnitus forms arousing a feeling of coming exactly from the middle of the head. Some researchers classified them as ...
Mapping From Motor Cortex to Biceps and Triceps Altered By Elbow
... obtained in our previous study. Dorsal sites in the arm representation should be associated with goal elbow angles that are fully or mostly extended. Therefore stimulation of these sites while the elbow is held stationary should evoke more triceps than biceps activity. Greater triceps activity shoul ...
... obtained in our previous study. Dorsal sites in the arm representation should be associated with goal elbow angles that are fully or mostly extended. Therefore stimulation of these sites while the elbow is held stationary should evoke more triceps than biceps activity. Greater triceps activity shoul ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... occurring in EEG and MEG where such temporal signals have a spatially dependent pattern, referred to as functional connectivity networks. One of the first functional MR imaging networks described is the socalled default mode network (DMN) (7). In many task functional MR studies, reversed contrasts ( ...
... occurring in EEG and MEG where such temporal signals have a spatially dependent pattern, referred to as functional connectivity networks. One of the first functional MR imaging networks described is the socalled default mode network (DMN) (7). In many task functional MR studies, reversed contrasts ( ...
Spasticity after stroke: Physiology, assessment and treatment
... inhibitory and excitatory fibres is disturbed, it can result in various aspects of upper limb syndrome, such as hypotonia, dyskinesia or spasticity. Three lesion sites have been suggested to induce spasticity: the brainstem, the cerebral cortex (in primary, secondary and supplementary motor area; SM ...
... inhibitory and excitatory fibres is disturbed, it can result in various aspects of upper limb syndrome, such as hypotonia, dyskinesia or spasticity. Three lesion sites have been suggested to induce spasticity: the brainstem, the cerebral cortex (in primary, secondary and supplementary motor area; SM ...
Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... Functional connectivity of the insula This chapter will deal with the insula, especially the connectivity of the insula with other brain regions. The insula is involved in a broad spectrum of brain functions, but it is also thought to be the center of psychiatric disorders as anorexia nervosa8, 9. ...
... Functional connectivity of the insula This chapter will deal with the insula, especially the connectivity of the insula with other brain regions. The insula is involved in a broad spectrum of brain functions, but it is also thought to be the center of psychiatric disorders as anorexia nervosa8, 9. ...
Validation of hippocampal volumes measured using a
... 1.000). In the test of agreement between the volumetric methods, the ICCs were right 0.846 and left 0.848 (manual and FreeSurfer), and right 0.654 and left 0.717 (manual and IBASPM). Conclusion The automated hippocampal volumetric methods showed good agreement with manual hippocampal volumetry, but ...
... 1.000). In the test of agreement between the volumetric methods, the ICCs were right 0.846 and left 0.848 (manual and FreeSurfer), and right 0.654 and left 0.717 (manual and IBASPM). Conclusion The automated hippocampal volumetric methods showed good agreement with manual hippocampal volumetry, but ...
Vestibular Migraine May 2013
... paresthesias, and dysarthria. These “basilar” symptoms typically arise from impairment related to the cerebellum and brainstem area. For basilar migraine, the International Headache Society has published a set of diagnostic criteria. In it they specify a requirement of at least two “posterior circul ...
... paresthesias, and dysarthria. These “basilar” symptoms typically arise from impairment related to the cerebellum and brainstem area. For basilar migraine, the International Headache Society has published a set of diagnostic criteria. In it they specify a requirement of at least two “posterior circul ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... decreases. Enhancement of GABAergic currents is also unlikely because of the usual failure of inhibition during long-term repetitive stimulation [22]. Although the CoI mRNA results are compatible with inhibition, these observations are conditioned by the possible rapid changes of STN activity once H ...
... decreases. Enhancement of GABAergic currents is also unlikely because of the usual failure of inhibition during long-term repetitive stimulation [22]. Although the CoI mRNA results are compatible with inhibition, these observations are conditioned by the possible rapid changes of STN activity once H ...
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study to
... Daily Activity (PHODA) assessment tool, could help explore how people living with chronic pain process information about daily activities. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain responses in patients with chronic musculoskeleta ...
... Daily Activity (PHODA) assessment tool, could help explore how people living with chronic pain process information about daily activities. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain responses in patients with chronic musculoskeleta ...
Isolated Ocular Motor Nerve Palsies
... the diplopia; whether there is any associated ptosis or facial muscle weakness; whether it is constant or intermittent; and whether there are any other localizing symptoms such as involvement of other cranial nerves, limb weakness, ataxia, proptosis, or impairment in visual acuity or color perceptio ...
... the diplopia; whether there is any associated ptosis or facial muscle weakness; whether it is constant or intermittent; and whether there are any other localizing symptoms such as involvement of other cranial nerves, limb weakness, ataxia, proptosis, or impairment in visual acuity or color perceptio ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour
... many of the mechanisms that underlie recovery are similar to those involved with plasticity in the intact brain26. Here, we expand on the premise that stroke recovery mechanisms are based on both structural and functional changes in brain circuits that have a close functional relationship to those a ...
... many of the mechanisms that underlie recovery are similar to those involved with plasticity in the intact brain26. Here, we expand on the premise that stroke recovery mechanisms are based on both structural and functional changes in brain circuits that have a close functional relationship to those a ...
Clinical, electroneuromyographic and morphological studies of pure
... rheumatological/rheumatic diseases, in addition to toxic, drug-induced or hereditary neuropathies. As related above, nerve enlargement was not critical for the diagnosis of PNL. We found nerve enlargement in 69% of our PNL patients and 36% it was associated with nerve pain. Patients in whom PNL was ...
... rheumatological/rheumatic diseases, in addition to toxic, drug-induced or hereditary neuropathies. As related above, nerve enlargement was not critical for the diagnosis of PNL. We found nerve enlargement in 69% of our PNL patients and 36% it was associated with nerve pain. Patients in whom PNL was ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... becoming much more responsive at the time of memory erasure (thin black trace). Reproduced from Fig. 2 in Brunel and Wang (2001) with kind permission of Springer. (B) Bifurcation diagram for a network as the one in A. The abscissa labels the strength of coupling among neurons of one same selectivity ...
... becoming much more responsive at the time of memory erasure (thin black trace). Reproduced from Fig. 2 in Brunel and Wang (2001) with kind permission of Springer. (B) Bifurcation diagram for a network as the one in A. The abscissa labels the strength of coupling among neurons of one same selectivity ...
Applications of TMS to Therapy in Psychiatry
... was well tolerated and resulted in a 40% response rate. It is possible that the response rate may have been even better had the treatment period been extended to 3 or 4 weeks. A recent meta-analysis of the open trials of TMS in depression found an effect size of 1.45 (Burt et al., 2002). Although si ...
... was well tolerated and resulted in a 40% response rate. It is possible that the response rate may have been even better had the treatment period been extended to 3 or 4 weeks. A recent meta-analysis of the open trials of TMS in depression found an effect size of 1.45 (Burt et al., 2002). Although si ...
Traditional Posters: Neuroimaging
... Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 2Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 3Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dalla ...
... Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 2Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; 3Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dalla ...