“Adaptation”1
... applicable constraints to solve the problems posed by the environment; problems of heat, cold, wind, rain, opening up seeds, capturing prey of the sizes and speeds available, and so on. One of Darwin’s central concerns was to explain the diversity of living organisms. At this phase of his developmen ...
... applicable constraints to solve the problems posed by the environment; problems of heat, cold, wind, rain, opening up seeds, capturing prey of the sizes and speeds available, and so on. One of Darwin’s central concerns was to explain the diversity of living organisms. At this phase of his developmen ...
Quantization and Quantization Noise
... Modern Society will find no solution to the ecological problem unless it takes a serious look at its lifestyles. (Pope John Paul II) ...
... Modern Society will find no solution to the ecological problem unless it takes a serious look at its lifestyles. (Pope John Paul II) ...
Homology and hierarchies - Duke University | Center for Philosophy
... products of systematic work are (I) patterns and distributions of characters (or hypotheses of homology), and (2) arrangements of taxa (branched diagrams or hierarchical listings). A different approach, which I will call the “biological”* approach to homology, is in part 3 “transformationist” in its ...
... products of systematic work are (I) patterns and distributions of characters (or hypotheses of homology), and (2) arrangements of taxa (branched diagrams or hierarchical listings). A different approach, which I will call the “biological”* approach to homology, is in part 3 “transformationist” in its ...
8th Grade Science, Standard 5.5
... ocean thermal vents (very hot water), oxygen-free environments, or highly acidic environments Eubacteria: single-celled organisms that are found almost everywhere on Earth The term “Monera” or “Monerans” applies to both Archaebacteria and Eubacteria since both are comprised of single-celled (mono) o ...
... ocean thermal vents (very hot water), oxygen-free environments, or highly acidic environments Eubacteria: single-celled organisms that are found almost everywhere on Earth The term “Monera” or “Monerans” applies to both Archaebacteria and Eubacteria since both are comprised of single-celled (mono) o ...
Adaptive Approaches Towards Better GA Performance in Dynamic
... will have to know if we use the right parameter settings, e.g. population size, the chosen crossover and mutation operator and their rates. The first idea that comes to mind is a systematic testing of numerous parameter settings, or to let the GA itself find the optimal parameter values. Both approa ...
... will have to know if we use the right parameter settings, e.g. population size, the chosen crossover and mutation operator and their rates. The first idea that comes to mind is a systematic testing of numerous parameter settings, or to let the GA itself find the optimal parameter values. Both approa ...
Chapter 5* - The use of biological material
... presence of other toxins, inadequate food supply, and physical factors such as habitat alteration, sedimentation, drought or oxygen depletion). An organism under stress will not be able to survive the same concentration of a contaminant as when its environmental conditions are optimal. Consequently ...
... presence of other toxins, inadequate food supply, and physical factors such as habitat alteration, sedimentation, drought or oxygen depletion). An organism under stress will not be able to survive the same concentration of a contaminant as when its environmental conditions are optimal. Consequently ...
prey community
... where different sub-populations adapt to different interacting species (Futuyma and Moreno, 1988; Davies and Brooke, 1989; Nuismer and Thompson, 2006; Edeline et al., 2008). If defence correlations are negative, selection by one predator could reduce the selection imposed by another predator owing t ...
... where different sub-populations adapt to different interacting species (Futuyma and Moreno, 1988; Davies and Brooke, 1989; Nuismer and Thompson, 2006; Edeline et al., 2008). If defence correlations are negative, selection by one predator could reduce the selection imposed by another predator owing t ...
Different Evolutionary Paths to Complexity for Small and
... asexual organisms. Digital evolution has a long history of addressing macroevolutionary questions (such as the evolution of novel traits) experimentally [38, 39]. Digital evolution makes it possible to manipulate an evolving population in ways populations of biochemical organisms can not, in order t ...
... asexual organisms. Digital evolution has a long history of addressing macroevolutionary questions (such as the evolution of novel traits) experimentally [38, 39]. Digital evolution makes it possible to manipulate an evolving population in ways populations of biochemical organisms can not, in order t ...
The impact of rapid evolution on population dynamics in the wild
... 0–13 and uncaged 13–31. We compared treatments by fitting linear mixed-effect models (LME) where the dependent variable was LN(x) transformed number of aphids and the fixed effects were aphid treatment, day (as the main covariate) and their interaction. Because repeated aphid counts on the same plan ...
... 0–13 and uncaged 13–31. We compared treatments by fitting linear mixed-effect models (LME) where the dependent variable was LN(x) transformed number of aphids and the fixed effects were aphid treatment, day (as the main covariate) and their interaction. Because repeated aphid counts on the same plan ...
The impact of rapid evolution on population dynamics in the
... 0–13 and uncaged 13–31. We compared treatments by fitting linear mixed-effect models (LME) where the dependent variable was LN(x) transformed number of aphids and the fixed effects were aphid treatment, day (as the main covariate) and their interaction. Because repeated aphid counts on the same plan ...
... 0–13 and uncaged 13–31. We compared treatments by fitting linear mixed-effect models (LME) where the dependent variable was LN(x) transformed number of aphids and the fixed effects were aphid treatment, day (as the main covariate) and their interaction. Because repeated aphid counts on the same plan ...
Taxonomic Key to Benthic Macroinvertebrates
... The purpose of this taxonomic key is to assist volunteer monitors, who are not trained in taxonomy, with the identification of benthic macroinvertebrates found in Indiana. This key is a simplified version of more complex keys. The taxonomic level of this key is intended for use by citizen monitoring ...
... The purpose of this taxonomic key is to assist volunteer monitors, who are not trained in taxonomy, with the identification of benthic macroinvertebrates found in Indiana. This key is a simplified version of more complex keys. The taxonomic level of this key is intended for use by citizen monitoring ...
- Digital Commons @Brockport
... are three running speeds - Slow, Medium, and Fas'C - where the fittest of these three is coded by a heterozygote. If fast individuals have the Aa genotype, medium individuals have AA, and slow individuals have aa, then selection will not lead the population to evolve to the configuration of 100% Fas ...
... are three running speeds - Slow, Medium, and Fas'C - where the fittest of these three is coded by a heterozygote. If fast individuals have the Aa genotype, medium individuals have AA, and slow individuals have aa, then selection will not lead the population to evolve to the configuration of 100% Fas ...
STAAR Biology Assessment Activities Sample
... 1. Print one copy of all the blackline masters for this station from the enclosed DVD using a color printer—color is essential to the station activities. Make one copy of the student pages (including the glossary) for each student. 2. Laminate the Station Information sheet, System Interactions Mat ...
... 1. Print one copy of all the blackline masters for this station from the enclosed DVD using a color printer—color is essential to the station activities. Make one copy of the student pages (including the glossary) for each student. 2. Laminate the Station Information sheet, System Interactions Mat ...
Evolution Programs
... predicts accumulation of early branching, species‐poor clades towards the geographic periphery James Albert Evolutionary rate heterogeneity among learned and innate Molecular networks of plant vocalizations within two ...
... predicts accumulation of early branching, species‐poor clades towards the geographic periphery James Albert Evolutionary rate heterogeneity among learned and innate Molecular networks of plant vocalizations within two ...
On reciprocal causation in the evolutionary process
... of evolution’’ that is a ‘‘co-contributor, with natural selection, to the evolutionary process itself’’ (p. 370). This argument is based on the somewhat disingenuous contention that evolutionary biologists view natural selection as an abiotic entity that is not influenced or changed by living organi ...
... of evolution’’ that is a ‘‘co-contributor, with natural selection, to the evolutionary process itself’’ (p. 370). This argument is based on the somewhat disingenuous contention that evolutionary biologists view natural selection as an abiotic entity that is not influenced or changed by living organi ...
Host-parasite
... • Normally, high number needed to cause disease/overcome defenses; e.g. – Baths in contaminated hot tubs (veritable culture of bacteria—over one hundred million organisms ...
... • Normally, high number needed to cause disease/overcome defenses; e.g. – Baths in contaminated hot tubs (veritable culture of bacteria—over one hundred million organisms ...
Evolution of Host Defense against Multiple Enemy Populations
... et al. (2013) found that prey branching leading to dimorphism is induced when prey are highly sensitive to competition, as this increases the advantage of branching into prey with distinct traits. More generally, it has been found that the evolution of antipredator defense in the prey can promote th ...
... et al. (2013) found that prey branching leading to dimorphism is induced when prey are highly sensitive to competition, as this increases the advantage of branching into prey with distinct traits. More generally, it has been found that the evolution of antipredator defense in the prey can promote th ...
Neuroevolution in Games: State of the Art and
... network, which is then tested on a specific task for a certain amount of time. The performance or fitness of this network is then recorded and once the fitness values for the genotypes in the current population are determined, a new population is generated by slightly changing the ANN-encoding genot ...
... network, which is then tested on a specific task for a certain amount of time. The performance or fitness of this network is then recorded and once the fitness values for the genotypes in the current population are determined, a new population is generated by slightly changing the ANN-encoding genot ...
Evolution - Bee-Man
... Comparing DNA sequences is the most direct way to determine evolutionary relationships. The sequence of nitrogenous bases is more similar in closely related species than in species that are not as closely related. Scientists can use this information, with knowledge of mutation rates, to estimate how ...
... Comparing DNA sequences is the most direct way to determine evolutionary relationships. The sequence of nitrogenous bases is more similar in closely related species than in species that are not as closely related. Scientists can use this information, with knowledge of mutation rates, to estimate how ...
Niche Inheritance
... recognize that natural selection is not a property of autonomous external habitats, but a property of relativistic niches. On that basis, all the processes that modify organism-environment niche relationships, including both natural selection and niche construction, become evolutionarily causal. ...
... recognize that natural selection is not a property of autonomous external habitats, but a property of relativistic niches. On that basis, all the processes that modify organism-environment niche relationships, including both natural selection and niche construction, become evolutionarily causal. ...
Isolation by environment
... relatively simple, like when a temperature cline regulates dispersal among populations of an ectotherm (e.g. Murphy et al. 2010), or they may represent more complex ecological interactions, like when genetic differentiation between plant populations is mediated by differences in their pollinator com ...
... relatively simple, like when a temperature cline regulates dispersal among populations of an ectotherm (e.g. Murphy et al. 2010), or they may represent more complex ecological interactions, like when genetic differentiation between plant populations is mediated by differences in their pollinator com ...
Evolving digital ecological networks
Evolving digital ecological networks are webs of interacting, self-replicating, and evolving computer programs (i.e., digital organisms) that experience the same major ecological interactions as biological organisms (e.g., competition, predation, parasitism, and mutualism). Despite being computational, these programs evolve quickly in an open-ended way, and starting from only one or two ancestral organisms, the formation of ecological networks can be observed in real-time by tracking interactions between the constantly evolving organism phenotypes. These phenotypes may be defined by combinations of logical computations (hereafter tasks) that digital organisms perform and by expressed behaviors that have evolved. The types and outcomes of interactions between phenotypes are determined by task overlap for logic-defined phenotypes and by responses to encounters in the case of behavioral phenotypes. Biologists use these evolving networks to study active and fundamental topics within evolutionary ecology (e.g., the extent to which the architecture of multispecies networks shape coevolutionary outcomes, and the processes involved).